FORCES

Newton 's 1st Law

of Motion

Equilibrium
An in state
•

object continues a

of rest or
uniform motion ,
v v

unless acted static

upon by Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium
a

resultant force .
.
AT REST CONSTANT VELOCITY
•

speed constant
It tells about direction constant
a
system in •
•

the
Equilibrium i. e. when
result
of all the
forces Example #I
•

the E
acting on
body is
qN
zero ! v 10 N
16N
>
<
>

F
IF = O
,

v v
9N ✓

{ F✗=O EFy=O
{ f-✗ = 0 { Fy = 0

16=10 + Fi 8+9=1--2
F, = 6N 1=2--17 N
 Type #2 ^Fsin60
If the system is in
-

^ T
F
equilibriumf- find , the
value and 4
°

-8
F Fargo
< -6.0: -1 G of .

.*q
>
- -
.

<
I
k
Fws 20° 20° { f-✗ ÷
'

-1--0
<
F
v G = Foos 601170520
- - - - -

>
Faso Fsintoi , 4=1.44 F
12N
E. ¥y=0
'

f- sin 60° =
Fsiu 20+12
Fsinbci - Fsin20 = 12

ftp.YF-smuil
F- = 22.9 = 23N
so 4--1.44/22.9 )

4--33.1 = 33N

g-¥
 \

Type # 3
.
Tacos 50° A
^
Tico 20°
i 1 .

I 1 I 1 I 1 I 1

T2 T1
string 2 r n string 1 50
iÑ
Tz ? 0 IT < i•: >
Ti sin 20°
Tarin 500
.

m -2kg
-

"
W -20N
vw 10 Nkg
-

g-
-

If the
system is in equilibrium ,

determine the tension in { F✗=0

the T,sin2O=Tzsin50
strings .

T, sin 20 -

Isin 50--0

§•→, ,=←•→
F 21=9--0
Tension Tacos 50--20
force acts
away from
towards the
T, cos 20° +

the and
point the cord
Center T, 16.3N 1-2--7028 N
of
=
. .
 Type # 4 : Inclined Plane
F could
+
R
,
F be tension
, push or
pull force . friction etc .

The line
*
/ component
i
along the angle 0
or
1-

- .
-1.0 - - - -
I
-
Wcoso
⇐
-
- -
, zoo
60¥50 is the

( Angle K sath
cos
component
valor
.

L
w Wsinl component cos
µ
nail
,

component
it

Box is in equilibrium
{ f- ✗ = 0 EFy= 0

Wsino = F R =
Whoso
I
•

responsible for sliding

down the plane .
examine.
A block
of mass
2kg rests on a
rough inclined
the
surfacebetweenas shown maximum
friction
of
.

force the
block and
surface
is 17N .

Calculate maximum angle

of slope
f before the block starts to
slip .

I 0 W v

µ
W= 2×9.8 Whin 0 Friction max
Wring
=

v2
W -
-
19.6N 1906 sin 0 = 17

D= 60.15°
Drag Force
Area
Force exerted
3.
Surface
the the
body greater surface
→
on a

is the
moving in
fluid the
layer
-

a .
area
,

force
drag as more

→
Drag force depends upon molecules collide .

Viscosity 1 thickness )
1.
of fluid
the thicker the The
fluid
the
,

will
greater be
drag less
more -

Area
tone .
Area

Halls slow ) 1-
falls fast)
water
drag ) ( less drag )
glycerine 1 more
air oil
>

viscosity increases
increases
drag force
2. Velocity of object or
fluid
at higher speed ,
molecules
collide with the
body more

forcefully exerting
,
more drag force .
 Friction
Friction Fone .

^
It that
is an
opposing force
→

tends to slow down ← limiting friction

moving objects .

iÑ 1
slips

→ As value increases with ÉÑÑ dynamic friction

applied force until the Him
the starts to Force
body slip .

Applied
→
It depends upon the
in contact and
surfacesNormal
the reaction
force .

"
R
 " +

f- Fsinl Fsino F
V

^
" " ^

-0.1 ? F- ✗ R ! -0
-
→ . .
. . . . .
.
>

Faso Faso

w Ñ
{ Fy=O { Fy=O
R= Wtfsino R+FsinO=W
R=W Fsino
greater Normal contact Force
-

GREATER FRICTION lesser Normal Contact Force

LESSER FRICTION .
Newton 's 2nd Motion case # I
Law
of
Rate
is
of change of momentum
directly proportional to
F. ←µÉ m →
Fi,

resultant
force .

Fact = nra

f-net ✗
Dp_ forward _
backward = ma

Dt
force force
Fnet =

AI F, - Fr = ma

Dt

N
Fr
L
F,
f-net Ñnv
-
-
F-net -
-
ma

Fnet -
-
ma

Fo -
Fr = ma

2000 -

Fr :(750112 ) Fr = 500N
 Case #2 : Inclined Plane
the smooth
If plane is
-

th
+

rough :
friction
-
-
F exists f- net -
ma
at
-

: >

Alsina __ ma .

Smooth : No
4 To Wasp friction 1mg sina.mu
10
w
a- -

gano
' N "
r
Wsinl alms
"

µ, 0=0

f
a " "

Responsible for sliding :

-

0<01900
object down the plane :
O '

OF
✗

the rough to 0=900

If plane is act i.
a-
g
-

F-net ma EFy=0 No movement

= *
perp .

Urbino F- R force
ma : contact to plane so the
-
-

R -
-
Wcoso forces along that axis

are balanced .
 Example .
I F rn
-
-

2kg
Fun -
= ma
7 f- = 0.2k
"

Wsino -
F- ma
8=10 NKS
yg
-

, you,zg
F=WsinO -
ma
f.
w F-
mgsino -
ma Calculate
Lot
u ✓
.

vi. wsino F- mlgsino a) -

130° the value

v2Osin30
of ace .

Fuel
-
= ma F--0.212

208in 30° F=2a

- and 9
204m30 3.46=2 a
-
12--20005300
a--3.27 f- =
0.2120005301
a :3 .3mfs2 F- 3.46N
-
 Cgse #3 connected Bodies
:
E±ampw
I Both bodies
overhanging ) ma =
2kg ~

my =
3kg
frictionless
"

# g- 10111kg
a → -

f- net
pulley = ma

T -

Wa =
MAA " "
→
string A- .
T T

-1T A BIT
¥°Fnet=ma
Fuel - =
ma
" "
T T T -

20=2 a

+ TA B tt WB -
F- MBA 1--29=20 -

① v

B- 20N v

Fact
v
solving both equations = ma 30N

WA v
simultaneously gives "
30 -
1- =3 a

WB the value
of
"
T and 1-+39=30 -

②
" "

a .

Convention Take the direction F- 24N a--2ms

-2
-

motion
of positive
as .
 * F I Force on
pulley
due to the pin )
the
pulley is in
equilibrium
F- T
→ if pulley
had weight
- + t + w

T T F =
24+24
v YN v
F = 48N
 Case # 4 .
1 Fnet =
ma

^R +9 W, - T =
Mia
Mr
T ← frictionless
F > .
f- net
pulley 2 ma
=

surface
( rough /smooth )Ñz
"
t
✓
+ a
if smooth
1- =m< a
surface
Mi

if rough surface
YN ,
T -
F =
Mra

EFy=O
R=Wn
 1 .
Fact = ma

2 +→ 20 -
T =
2 a

, T -12A = 20
I
EN
Tt It
1
2 .
Fact = ma

T -

6=8 a
28N
- .
T -
8a= 6

1- =
17.2N a =
1.4ms "
 33 of 81
6

3 (a) State Newton’s first law of motion.

the state
An
object continues in
of rest or
uniform
...................................................................................................................................................

motion unless acted upon

by a resultant
force
..............................................................................................................................................
. [1]

(b) A box slides down a slope, as shown in Fig. 3.1. 1- c

v > R

- box
Ñ
W

20° horizontal
v←Wsin2Ñ

Fig. 3.1

The angle of the slope to the horizontal is 20°. The box has a mass of 65 kg. The total resistive
force R acting on the box is constant as it slides down the slope.
= .

(i) State the names and directions of the other two forces acting on the box.

Weight acting vertically downwards

1. ........................................................................................................................................
.

Normal contact
acting perpendicular
to
plane
2. ........................................................................................................................................
.

[2]

(ii) The variation with time t of the velocity v of the box as it moves down the slope is shown
in Fig. 3.2.

8.0

6.0 •
12 , 6)

v / m s–1

4.0

2.0

10 , 0.8 ) •

0
0 1.0 2.0
t /s

Fig. 3.2

© UCLES 2014 9702/22/M/J/14

 34 of 81
7

1. Use data from Fig. 3.2 to show that the acceleration of the box is 2.6 m s–2.

!¥n
me

62-9-0
m -
-

m =
a =
2.6ms -2

[2]

2. Calculate the resultant force on the box.

Emt = ma

=
65×2.6
=
169 N

170
resultant force = ...................................................... N [1]

3. Determine the resistive force R on the box.

Fact = INsin 2.0 -

R

169 =
(65×9.8) sin 20° -
R

R =
165 ✗ 9. 8) sin 20° -
169

R =
49N

R = ...................................................... N [3]

© UCLES 2014 9702/22/M/J/14 [Turn over

Newton 's 3rd Law R
^

9f body A exerts a
force on
body B,

body B exerts an
equal hut opposite
force on
body A. v

W
Action and Reaction magnitude
pair of forces are ✓
Equal in
✓
Equal in
magnitude ✓
Opposite in direction
✓
opposite in direction ☒☒ Same
type of forces .

✓ Same
type of forces .

☒* Acting on
different bodies .

✓
Acting on
different Rbodies .

push force block

by
^ •
on

Earth Earth ✓
on
by
block WI
w
push my v
block on
R •

force on Earth
Earth block
by
 PHYSICS 9702/11
Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2018
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional Materials:

3 Two dogs pull a sledge along an icy track, as shown.

dog X pulls with

a force of 200 N

200N
,
65° track
2005in
sledge 6,5° forward
force
•
?
1205in 45
45°

2008in 65° -11208in 450

"
120N
266N
- .

dog Y pulls with

a force of 120 N

Dog X pulls with a force of 200 N at an angle of 65° to the front edge of the sledge. Dog Y pulls
with a force of 120 N at an angle of 45° to the front edge of the sledge.

What is the resultant forward force on the sledge exerted by the two dogs?

A 80 N B 170 N so C 270 N D 320 N

7 The graph shows the variation with mass of the weight of objects on a particular planet.

4
weight / N
3

0
0 1
mass / kg

What is the value of the acceleration of free fall on the planet?

A 0.63 m s–2 B 1.6 m s–2 C 3.2 m s–2 D 9.8 m s–2

 PHYSICS 9702/12
Paper 1 Multiple Choice October/November 2015
1 hour
Additional Materials:

10 A bus takes a time of 25 s to reach a constant speed while travelling in a straight line. A graph of
speed v against time t is shown.

grad a hishc
←
g=o
g- v -
-

a=0
'^ "
Fnet highc
a-
y Free
-

=D
,
-

Fmt=Wyhc I

const "
g.
a- const -
0
i

0 5 10 15 20 25
Free - = const
t/s

Which graph shows the variation with t of the resultant force F on the bus?

A B C D
✓

F F F F
✓

①
I

i.
0 0 0 0
0 :
5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
t/s t/s t/s t/s

11 A single horizontal force F is applied to a block X which is in contact with a separate block Y as
shown.

the:=EEa
F
X
Y

The blocks remain in contact as they accelerate along a horizontal frictionless surface. Air
resistance is negligible. X has a greater mass than Y.

Which statement is correct?

A The acceleration of X is equal to force F divided by the mass of X.

B The force that X exerts on Y is equal to F.
C The force that X exerts on Y is less than F.

✗
D The force that X exerts on Y is less than the force that Y exerts on X.
?⃝