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Torque and Drag Mini-Series Episode 7 of 8

The document discusses factors that impact wellbore stability including hole cleaning, mud properties, and drilling operations. It provides examples of cuttings that indicate wellbore instability and outlines strategies for effective hole cleaning during different drilling operations like drilling, tripping, and running casing. The document also discusses monitoring friction factor in real-time to assess wellbore conditions.

Uploaded by

Gilbert Omitta
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63 views31 pages

Torque and Drag Mini-Series Episode 7 of 8

The document discusses factors that impact wellbore stability including hole cleaning, mud properties, and drilling operations. It provides examples of cuttings that indicate wellbore instability and outlines strategies for effective hole cleaning during different drilling operations like drilling, tripping, and running casing. The document also discusses monitoring friction factor in real-time to assess wellbore conditions.

Uploaded by

Gilbert Omitta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 1

Outline

• Background
• Operations impacting wellbore stability
• Hole cleaning lessons
• FF monitoring Updates
• Q&A

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 2


Who am I

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 3


Who am I – Why I am here

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 4


Who am I – Why I am here
STUCK PIPE
LOST-IN-HOLE
UNSAFE PRACTICES
LOST CIRCULATION
HIGH FF
FISHING
ILT
WOW
PACK-OFF
SAFETY
&
PERFORMANCE

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 5


Why I am here

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 6


What we have learned so far
W1 – Foster
Intro

W6 – Mitch W2 – Larsen
T&D Reduction Tools Wear Modelling

W5 – Neil & Ali W3 - Catalin


Model practices Physics

W4 – Stéphane
Models & Tools
Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 7
… but I have Chat GPT

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 8


Offshore Survival Vessel for “35 people”

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 9


Other factors impacting overall loading on a string

• Hole cleaning
• Mud rheology & fluid effects
• Chemical & Mechanical stability of formations
• Wellbore tortuosity

Modeled by increasing friction factors

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 10


Drilling Operations impact on the Wellbore
BREAK Partial / Total Mud loss
CIRCULATION MW too high / Tensile Failure

CIRCULATING CUTTINGS
PRESSURE LOADING

Devi
Depth

SWAB Subramaniam SURGE


PRESSURE PRESSURE

Week 7 – Operations & Real time


Torque & Drag Miniseries
WELLBORE
Hole Caving / Collapse PRESSURE SHOCK
MW too low / Shear Failure

Pore pressure Hydrostatic pressure Fracture pressure


Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 11
Some Signs of Wellbore Instability

• Cavings at shaker
• Change in expected cuttings volume
• Hole Fill
• Erratic increase in torque & drag
• Divergence of LWD logs from drilling pass

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 12


Normal PDC Shale
Cuttings
Drilling Mud Weight – in range
Hole Cleaning – effective

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 13


Over-pressured
Shale Cuttings
Mud Weight (too low)< Pore Pressure
Hole Cleaning – abundance of
splintery shale on the shale shakers
Background & connection gas
increasing
DANGER of a KICK!

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 14


Platy tabular or Angular
Shale cuttings
Mud Weight – Too low
Platy/tabular shape from weak
bedding plane failure
Blocky/Angular/Curved/ rough shape
from Shear failure

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 15


Coffee Grounds?

Hole Cleaning difficulties?


Increasing ECD?
Formation Type?

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 16


Low angle Hole Cleaning

Gravity
• Mud rheology & flow rate
designed to combat slip - velocity
(suspension)
• Gel is the key mud property
Fluid Moving
• Hindered settling
Upwards

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 17


High angle Hole Cleaning
Fluid Movement

Gravity
Pumps On

Gravity
Pumps Off

Cuttings have only a few inches to fall to bottom

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 18


Medium angle Hole Cleaning

Fluid Movement

Avalanche triggered by bed getting too thick


(drilling too fast)

Gravity
Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 19
Cuttings Transport - Sliding

High Flow Area


Hole or
Low Low Casing I.D.
Flow Flow

Cuttings Bed
Drill Pipe

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 20


Cuttings Transport – Rotary Drilling / Hole Clean-up
Mechanical agitation is required
Cuttings thrown into to get cuttings into the fluid flow
active flow regime High Flow Area
Hole or
Low Low Casing I.D.
Flow Flow

Pipe rotation
stirs cuttings beds
Cuttings Bed
Drill Pipe
Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 21
Hole Cleaning - RPM

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 22


Hole cleaning for Specific Operations

• Drilling
• Tripping
• Running Casing

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 23


Hole Cleaning for Drilling

• Good cuttings flow / size = hole cleaning


• Proportional to ROP
• Monitor T&D FF

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 24


Hole Cleaning for Tripping

• Circulate up to 4-5 BU until the shakers are clean


• RPM > 120 when circulating
• Drag when tripping out of the hole > model prediction
• Recommend to RIH and perform clean up

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 25


Hole Cleaning prior to Casing

• High Angle Hole Cleaning for running casing


• Minimum rotary speeds based on hole size

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 26


Friction Factor Monitoring

• Consistency of T&D measurements


• Tracking T&D for every trip
• Breakover Torque
• Breakover Weight and Pipe travel
• Mapping mud rheology

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 27


RT Friction Factor Monitoring

• Real-time FF for other rig state activities


• RT Torque states and trend
• FF Deconvolution

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 28


Friction Factor Monitoring – Traditional Process
Start
Phase

• Single FF
Receive Data
• Measurement Consistency
• User Interprets FF deviation

Compare Data
Estimate FF

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 29


Friction Factor Deconvolution

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 30


?

Devi Subramaniam - Gibson T&D Miniseries - Week 7 - Feb 21, 2023 31

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