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Wheat Complete Guide. - 012334

Wheat production guide

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198 views4 pages

Wheat Complete Guide. - 012334

Wheat production guide

Uploaded by

joeshoniwa2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHEAT PRODUCTION

A Complete Guide

PROMOTING FARMING EXCELLENCE


By Dahlia Shumba 0717816552
Production
Classification Family Gramineae
Genus Triticum
Species aestivum
Soil requirements Soils Well drained loamy – sandy loam
pH 6.0 – 7.5
 Wheat can be adversely affected by acidic soils
 Soil testing and liming acidic soils is key
Climatic requirements Temperature 20-30ᵒC (summer) , 5-25ᵒC (winter)
 Favours cool and moist during growth and warm and dry
during harvesting
Rainfall 600mm (6 mil litres)
 Irrigation in winter is needed to meet water requirement
 Frequent light irrigation (vegetative stage), lowered
(flowering), increased (pod filling), ceased (ripening)
Planting time Mid-April to Mid-July (Winter), January (Summer)
 For good yields, tillering and grain filling should concide
with cold weather
Seed requirement Seeds/ha 90-120kg (Drilling), 120-140kg (Broadcasting)
Plant population Minimum 200 plants per m²
Maximum 300 plants per m²
Varieties Winter (White seeded) SC Nduna, Select, Serena
Winter (Red seeded) SC Sekuru, SC Stallion, SC Smart, Sky
Summer SC Sahai
Days to maturity 160-180days
Soil preparation  Tillage options include No till, Minimum tillage (70-150mm deep) and deep tillage (150-
300mm deep) which depends on soil type, moisture availability, cultivar and previous crop
planted
Soil conditioning  Liming – if soils are acidic, liming will be required to increase the pH
 Gypsum – improves physical structure of the soil. Also supply calcium and sulphur
Fertilisation
Application Fertiliser Composition Rate rate/ha Remarks
Basal Compound D/ 7:14:7/ 6:23:23 500kg All at planting
Bulk blend
Top dressing Ammonium 34.5%N 500kg Split application at 250kg/ha per
Nitrate application at weeks 2 and 5
Foliar application Wuxal 16:16:12 1litre Apply at week 4, 6 and 8
macromix
NB: Fertlisation should be based on soil analysis
Herbicides
Pre-emergence Prowl/Pendimethalin
Post-emergence (Broadleaves) MCPA, Metribuzin
Post-emergence (Grasses) Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl
Do's and Don’ts for spray of herbicides in wheat eco system.

1. Sufficient moisture should be present in the soil to take up for both pre and post emergent herbicides.
2. Post -emergent herbicides should be applied when weeds are at 2-3 leaf stage.
3. Herbicide sprays should be planned on clear and sunny days only when the leaves are dry.
4. Fenoxaprop containing herbicide should be sprayed with flat fan nozzle.

Promoting Farming Excellence


Pests
Wheat aphid Leafhopper Cutworms

Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Methomyl, Imidacloprid, Chlorpyrifos, Lambda cyhalothrin,


Malathion, Dichlorvos, Dimethoate Acetamiprid, Malathion, Dichlorvos Carbaryl, Deltamethrin
Deltamethrin
Brown wheat mite Pink stem borer Black maize beetle

Abamectin, Diazinon, Emamectin, Lambda, Deltamethrin, Carbaryl, Methomyl, Acephate, Cartap


Amitraz Flubendiamide, Acephate, Cartap
Termites Pod borer Shoot fly

Imidacloprid, Chlorpyrifos Lambda, Deltamethrin, Diazinon, Carbaryl, Malathion,


Flubendiamide, Acephate, Cartap Deltamethrin, Thiamethoxam
Diseases
Rusts Powdery mildew

Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, Chlorothalonil, Copper Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, Chlorothalonil, Copper


oxychloride, Triadimenole oxychloride, Triadimenole

Promoting Farming Excellence


Loose smut Septoria leaf blotch

Use certified seed Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, Chlorothalonil, Copper


oxychloride, Triadimenole

**Always read the labels on chemicals for rates and post-harvest intervals
**Chemicals listed in active ingredients, trade names may differ

Program
Planting date Variety

Plant pop Area Spacing

Week after Age Date Herbicides/ Fertilisers/ plant Pesticides/ 16l Fungicides/ 16l Foliar sprays/ 16l
emergence 16l knapsack knapsack knapsack
Planting Pendimethalin Compound D 500kg
0 0 Lambda 16ml
1 7
2 14 AN(NH₄NO₃) 250kg FD Muroti 16ml Bravo 32ml
3 21
4 28 Carbaryl 50g Tebuconazole 16ml Macromix 80ml
5 35 AN(NH₄NO₃) 250kg
6 42 Acephate 50g Bravo 32ml Macromix 80ml
7 49
8 56 FD Muroti 16ml Macromix 80ml
9 63
10 70 Carbaryl 50g
11 77
12 84 Acephate 50g
13 91
14 98
15 105
16 112

Promoting Farming Excellence

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