BASKETBALL

DEFINITION OF THE GAME

Basketball is a game played between two teams of five players each on a
rectangular court, usually indoors. Each team tries to score by tossing the ball through
the opponent’s goal, an elevated horizontal hoop and net called a basket.

THE HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

The game of basketball was invented by James Naismith in 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts, to condition athletes during the colder months. Naismith was a prior
physical education instructor at YMCA International Training School, which is now
Springfield College.
At the request of his superior, he was tasked with creating an indoor sport that would
help athletes to stay in shape during the cold weather. It originally consisted of peach
baskets and a soccer-type ball. He made 13 rules for his game and divided his class of
18 students into two teams of nine players, and started teaching them the basics.
The objective of his creation was to throw the basketball into the fruit baskets that were
nailed to the lower railing of the gym’s balcony. Each time a point would be scored, the
game had to be paused so that the janitor could get the ladder to retrieve the ball. After
some time, they finally removed the bottoms of the fruit baskets, having to retrieve the
ball after each score was far from practical.

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL IN THE PHILIPPINES

Basketball was introduced in the Philippines during the American colonial period with
the first American teachers teaching the sport along with baseball through the YMCA
and the school system. Basketball was first introduced to the Philippine public school
system by the Americans as a women's sport in 1910 and was played in Interscholastic
meets in 1911 until 1913. Women's basketball met opposition from conservative groups,
particularly the Catholic Church who view bloomers worn by women basketball players
as inappropriate. By the time skirts were allowed to be worn above bloomers as a
compromise, women's basketball was already in decline and was only played in
provincial and local interscholastic meets. Indoor softball and as well as volleyball
became the more preferred sport for Filipino women.
The first men's national team – organized in the 1910s – won the first Far Eastern
Championship Games in 1913. In all but one of the ten editions of the games, the
national team won the gold medal.
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), which had basketball as its main
sport, was established in 1924.
The Philippines became an independent country in 1946, and in the 1950s, the national
team did well in international tournaments. The Philippine team won the gold medal at
the Asian Games in 1951, the first-time basketball was played.[3] The Philippine
basketball team dominated the Asian Games until 1962.

THE ORIGINAL RULES OF BASKETBALL:

The game had 13 original rules created by Naismith.
1. The ball could be thrown in any direction with one hand or both hands.
2. The ball could also be battled in any direction by one hand or with both hands.
3. Players could not run with the ball, and they must throw it from the spot on which it is
caught. Although there were loopholes around when a player is running at a good
speed when they catch it.
4. The ball had to be held in the hands, arms or body could not be used to hold the ball.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking opponents allowed. The first
infringement of this rule counts as a foul, and the second disqualifies the player until the
next goal, or if it is evident that there was no intent to cause harm.
6. A foul is striking the ball with the fist.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, then this is counted as a goal for
opponents.
8. A goal is made when the ball is thrown or battled from the ground and into the basket
and stays there. If the ball rests on the edge, and if opponents move the basket, this
also counts as a goal.
9. Should the ball go out of bounds, then it shall be thrown into the field and played by
the first person to touch it. The person who throws it in is allowed five seconds to do so,
if they hold it any longer it goes to the opponent.
10. Umpires shall be the judge of men and will note fouls and notify the referee when
three consecutive fouls have been made.
11. The referee judges the ball and decides when the ball is in play, in-bounds and to
which side it belongs. They also keep the time and divide when a goal has been made
and keep account of these.
12. The time is fifteen-minute halves, with a five-minute rest between.
13. The side making the most goals in the time aforementioned will be the winner. In the
case of a draw, the game may be continued until another goal is made.

PLAYING COURT AND THE LINE DIMENSION

Court Dimension (taken from inside the boundary line)
A FIBA-regulation-sized Basketball Court is a flat, hard surface free from obstructions,
28m long x 15m wide.

Court Surrounds
The space around the court is a minimum 2m and is to be free from obstruction

Clear space above Court

If indoors, a minimum clearance height above Court is 7m

Lines
All lines are 5cm wide and uniform in colour (generally white)

Boundary line
The playing court is limited by the boundary line, consisting of end lines and the
sidelines. These lines are not part of the playing court. Spectator seating must be at
least 5m from the outside edge of the boundary lines
Centre Circle
The centre circle is measured from the outer edge and has a radius of 1.8m. If the
inside of the circle is painted, the colour must match the restricted areas.

Centreline and free throw semi-circles

The centre line is marked parallel to the end lines from the midpoint of the sidelines. It
extends 0.15m beyond each sideline.
The free throw semi-circles are marked on the playing court measured from the outer
edge and have a radius of 1.8m.
Free throw lines, restricted areas and free throw rebound places
The free-throw line is drawn parallel to each end line. Its furthest edge is 5.8m from the
inner edge of the end line and is 3.6m long.
The restricted areas are the rectangular areas marked on the playing court limited by
the endlines, the extended free throw lines and the lines which originate at the end
lines. Their outer edges are 2.45m from the midpoint of the end lines and terminate at
the outer edge of the extended free throw lines. The inside of the restricted areas must
be painted in one colour.

Three-Point Arc
The team’s Three-Point Arc is the entire floor area of the playing court, except for the
area near the opponents’ basket.
Arc Radius: 6.75m
Minimum Distance from Sidelines: 0.9m
The three-point line is not part of the 3-point field goal area. Any shot made outside of
the three-point arc is worth three points instead of the normal two

Team bench areas

The team bench areas are marked outside the playing court limited by 2 lines. There
must be 14 seats available in the team bench area. Any other persons must be at least
2m behind the team bench.

Throw in lines
The two lines are 0.15m long and marked outside the playing court at the sideline
opposite the scorer’s table. The outer edge of the lines is 8.325m from the inner edge of
the nearest endline.

No-charge semi-circle areas- cannot draw charging fouls in this area

A semi-circle with a radius of 1.25m measured from the point on the floor beneath the
exact centre of the basket to the inner edge of the semi-circle.
The semi-circle is joined to:
Two parallel lines are perpendicular to the endlines, the inner edge 1.25m from the point
on the floor beneath the exact centre of the basket, 0.375m in length and ending 1.20m
from the inner edge of the endline.
The no-charge semi-circle areas are completed by imaginary lines joining the ends of
the parallel lines directly below the front edges of the backboards.

Hoop
On all Basketball Courts, the hoops are always 3.05 m above the floor. Basketball
courts have a three-point arc at both baskets.