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Republic of the Philippines Cavite State
The premier
university CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY - IMUS University shall provide
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relevant educational
In historic Cavite Cavite Civic Center, Palico IV, City of Imus, Cavite 4103 opportunities in the arts,
recognized for excellence science and technology
in the development of
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and relevant research and
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individuals. www.cvsu.edu.ph development activities.

It shall produce
professional, skilled and

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION morally upright individuals

Second semester A.Y. 2023 – 2024

FITT 4

BASKETBALL
INVENTION OF THE GAME.

The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in December 1891 in
Springfield, Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during cold months. Naismith was a physical education
instructor at YMCA International Training School (now known as Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts.
Upon the request of his boss, Naismith was asked to create an indoor sports game to help athletes keep in shape
in cold weather. It consists of peach baskets and a soccer style ball. He published 13 rules for the new game. He
divided his class of eighteen into two teams of nine players each and set about to teach them the basics of his new
game. The objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit baskets nailed to the lower railing of the
gym balcony. Every time a point was scored, the game was halted so the janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve
the ball. After a while, the bottom of the fruit baskets was removed. The first public basketball game was played in
Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.

NAISMITH'S ORIGINAL RULES

An illustration of a basketball game that accompanied Naismith's article from The Triangle in1892 listing his 13 rules.
There were only thirteen rules of "basketball":

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands.
3. A player cannot run with the ball, the player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be
made for a man who catches the ball when running at good speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands, the arms or body must not be used forholding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be
allowed. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until
the next goal is made, or if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no substitute.
6. A foul is striking the ball with the fist, violation of rules 3 and 4, and such as described in rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count a goal for opponents.
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from grounds into the basket and stays there. If the ball
rests on the edge and the opponent moves the basket it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field and played by the person first touching it. In
case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The "thrower-in" is allowed five seconds. If he
holds it longer it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on
them.
10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls, and notify the referee when three consecutive
fouls have been made.
11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, and to which side it
belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with
any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be fifteen-minute halves, with five-minute rests between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In the case of a draw, the game may, by
agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made
THE FIRST BASKETBALL GAME IN SPRING FIELD COLLEGE

The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall
keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that
are usually performed by a referee. The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes' rest between.

The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners. Basketball (commonly nicknamed "B-ball"
or "hoops") is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball
through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and
widely viewed sports. A regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches in diameter and10 feet high mounted
to a backboard. A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the hoop during regular play. A field goal
scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the hoop than the three-point line, and
three points (a "3 pointer") if the player is "outside" the three-point line.

The team with more points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the
game ends with a tie. The bail can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling) or
passing it to a teammate. It is a violation (traveling) to walk with the ball, carry it, or to double dribble (to hold the
ball and then resume dribbling). Various violations are generally called "fouls". Disruptive physical contact (a
personal foul) is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while
shooting the ball.

TECHNICAL FOUL

A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on
the part of a player or coach. A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw. Basketball has evolved many
commonly used techniques of shooting, passing, and dribbling, as well as specialized player positions and
offensive and defensive structures (player positioning)and techniques.

Typically, the tallest members of a team will play "center", "small forward", or" power forward" positions, while
shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play "point guard" or "shooting guard".
While competitive basketball is carefully regulated, numerous variations of basketball have developed for
casual play. Competitive basketball is primarily an indoor sport played on carefully marked and maintained
basketball courts, but less regulated variations are often played outdoors in both inner city and rural areas.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the opponents' basket from
above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own.

1. The Basketball ball

The basketball is an inflated sphere made of leather. Leather basketball are those which are recommended
for indoor professional competitions, The rubber covered basketballs are the ones which are used for daily practices
and play. A basketball usually weighs 600 to 650 grams and is 75 to 78 cm in circumference.

The size and weight of the basketball ball depends on who plays the game, If women are playing, the official
size of the basketball is 28.5" in circumference (which is size 6) and weighs20 or, as opposed to 29.5" circumference
and 22 oz weight ball used for men's games, Prior to the commencement of a match, the referee will test the ball for
suitability.

2. The Basket
 The Basket is the Goal in the game, and is made up of a horizontal, circular metal rim with a net attached to
it. This rim is mounted 10 feet (3.05 m) above the court and 4 feet (1.2m) inside the baseline.

3. The Ring and Backboard

The ring is made up of solid iron with 45 cm. diameter attached to the board lying on a horizontal place 3.05
m. above the floor. Backboard is the firm rectangular board behind the rim. You would be able to see backboards
made of glass, steel, aluminum and acrylic (clear and tinted). The heavier and thicker the backboard are, the better
the rebounded effect ill be. The size of a Backboard would usually be 1800mm horizontally and 1050mmm vertically.

4. The Uniform
This is one important part in the
game. Every team will have their
own uniform, which
includes a
shirt (jersey) and a pair of shorts,
which will be numbered on both the
front and back sides (and
sometimes with names printed on
it) for quick and easy identification.
5. Shoes
The shoes worn by basketball
players are high-topped shoes made
to facilitate higher
ankle
support than normal running shoes
for extra comfort during play.
6. The Shot Clock
This is the clock that counts down
the maximum 24 seconds the
offence is allowed to
have the
ball in hand before shooting. If they
fail to attempt a shoot that hits the
rim within this time
limit, they will lose possession of
the ball.
7. Game Clock
The game clock is used for timing
periods of play and the intervals
between them.
8. Time-Out Watch
A stopwatch used for timing time-
outs.
7. The Floor / Court
The Floor / Court is a playing
surface made of wooden
floorboard. In international
games, the regulation basketball
court is 28m x 15m (approximately
92 ft x 49 ft), whereas it is
29m x 15m (approximately 94 ft x
50 ft) in the National Basketball
Association (NBA)
4. The Uniform

This is one important part in the game. Every team will have their own uniform, which includes a shirt
(jersey) and a pair of shorts, which will be numbered on both the front and back sides (and sometimes with names
printed on it) for quick and easy identification.

5. Shoes

The shoes worn by basketball players are high-topped shoes made to facilitate higher ankle support than
normal running shoes for extra comfort during play.

6. The Shot Clock

This is the clock that counts down the maximum 24 seconds the offence is allowed to have the ball in hand
before shooting. If they fail to attempt a shoot that hits the rim within this time limit, they will lose possession of the
ball.
7. Game Clock

The game clock is used for timing periods of play and the intervals between them.8. Time-Out Watch A
stopwatch used for timing time-outs.7. The Floor / Court The Floor / Court is a playing surface made of wooden
floorboard. In international games, the regulation basketball court is 28m x 15m (approximately 92 ft x 49 ft),
whereas it is29m x 15m (approximately 94 ft x 50 ft) in the National Basketball Association (NBA)

OTHER EQUIPMENT

Other important equipment includes the following

1. Scoreboards
2. Score-sheets
3. Whistle-operated
4. stop-clock systems
5. alternate Possession Arrows
6. Indicators and Lighting.

A regulation basketball court in international games is 91.9 feet long and 49.2 feet wide. In the NBA and NCAA
the court is 94 feet by 50 feet. Most courts have wood flooring, usually constructed from maple planks
running in the same direction as the longer court dimension. "The name and logo of the home team is usually
painted on or around the center circle. Score m this way is called a shot. A successful shot is worth two points, or
three points if it is taken mom beyond the three-point arc which is 6.25 meters (20 ft 6 in) from the basket in
international games and 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) in NBA games. A one-point shot can be earned when shooting
from the foul line after a foul is made. A. Playing regulations Games are played in four quarters of 10 (FIBA) or 12
minutes (NBA).College games use two 20-minute halves, while high school varsity games use 8 minute
quarters. 15 minutes are allowed for a half- time break under FIBA, NBA, and NCAA rules and 10minutes in high
school.

Overtime periods are five minutes in length except for high school which is four minutes in length. Teams exchange
baskets for the second half. The time allowed is actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active.
Therefore, games generally take much longer to complete than the allotted game time, typically about two hours.
Five players from each team may be on the court at one time. Substitutions are unlimited but can
only be done when play is stopped. Teams also have a coach, who oversees the development and strategies of
the team, and other team personnel such as assistant coaches, managers, statisticians, doctors and trainers.
For both men's and women's teams, a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and a jersey with a clearly visible
number, unique within the team, printed on both the front and back. Players wear high-top sneakers that
provide extra ankle support. Typically, team names, players' names and, outside of North America,
sponsors are printed on the uniforms.

A limited number of time-outs, clock stop pages requested by a coach (or sometimes mandated in the NBA) for a
short meeting with the players, are allowed. They generally last no longer than one minute (100 seconds in the NBA)
unless, for televised games, a commercial break is needed. The game is controlled by the officials
consisting of the referee (referred to as crew chief in the NBA),one or two umpires (referred to as referees in the
NBA) and the table officials. For college, the NBA, and many high schools, there are a total of three referees on the
court. The table officials are responsible for keeping track of each teams scoring, timekeeping, individual and team
fouls ,player substitutions, team possession arrow, and the shot clock.

MOST COMMONLY USED BASKETBALL EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES

The only essential equipment in a basketball game is the basketball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface with
baskets at opposite ends. Competitive levels require the use of more equipment such as clocks, score sheets,
scoreboard(s), alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems. Main articles: Basketball
(ball), Basketball court, and Backboard (basketball) Traditional eight-panel basketball There are quite a few
important basketball equipment of interest, which are listed and explained below:

BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

1. SHOOTING
the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket. Methods can vary with players and
situations.

KINDS OF SHOOTING
a. Set shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the floor, typically used for free throws.
b. Jump shot is taken while in mid-air, when the ball is released near the top of the jump.
c. Layup this shot requires the player to be in motion toward the basket, and to lay the ball up and into the basket,
typically off the backboard free, underhand version is called (a finger roll)
d. Slam Dunk the most crowd-pleasing and typically highest-percentage accuracy shot in which the player jumps
very high and throws the ball downward, straight through the hoop.
e. Circus Shot is a low-percentage shot that is flipped, heaved, scooped or flung toward the hoop while the shooter
is off-balance, airborne, falling down, and/or facing away from the basket.
f. A shot that misses both the rim and the backboard completely is referred to as an air ball, A Particularly bad shot,
or one that only hits the backboard, is called a brick.

KINDS OF PASS2

2. PASSING
the ball is quickest and the most effective way to get the ball from player to player.

1. Chest Pass is a staple pass. The ball is passed directly from the passer's chest to there ceiver's chest A proper
chest pass involves an outward snap of the thumbs to add velocity and leaves the defense little time to react.

2. Bounce Pass the passer bounces the ball crisply about two thirds of the way from his own chest to the receiver.
The ball strikes the court and bounces up toward the receiver. The bounce pass takes longer to complete than the
chest pass, but it is also harder for the opposing team to intercept (kicking the ball deliberately is a violation), Thus,
players often use the bounce pass in crowded moments, or to pass around a defender.

3. The overhead Pass used to pass the ball over a defender. The ball is released while over the passer’s head

4. The Outlet Pass occurs after a beam gets a defensive rebound, The next pass after there bound is the outlet pass.

5. No look Pass the crucial aspect of any good pass is I being difficult to interpret. Good passers pass the ball with
great accuracy and they know exactly where each of their other teammates prefers to receive the ball. A special way
of doing this s passing the ball without looking at the receiving teammate.

6. The behind-the-back pass-another advanced style of passing as the description implies, involves throwing the ball
behind the passer’s back to a teammate.

3. DRIBBLING
Is the way to progress with the ball by an individual player, in order to get free from his opponent or to get in a good
passing or shooting position. Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously with one hand, and is a
requirement for a player to take steps with the ball. To dribble, a player pushes the ball down towards the ground
with the finger tips rather than patting it; this ensures greater control.

4. BLOCKING
Is a block performed when, after a shot is attempted, a defender succeeds in altering the shot by touching the bail?
In almost all variants of play, it is illegal to touch the ball after it is in the downward path of its arc; this is known as
gool tending, It is also illegal under NBA and Men's NCAA basketball to block a shot after it has touched the
backboard, or when any part of the ball is directly above the rim. Under international rules it is illegal to block a shot
that is in the downward path of its arc or one that has touched the backboard until the ball has hit the rim.

After hitting the rim, the ball, it is again legal to touch the ball even though it is no longer considered as a block
performed. To block a shot, a player has to be able to reach a point higher than where the shot is released. Thus,
height can be an advantage in blocking. Players who are taller and playing the power forward or center positions
generally record more blocks than players who are shorter and playing the guard positions. However, with good
timing and a sufficiently high vertical leap, even shorter players can be effective shot blockers. Violations The ball
may be advanced toward the basket by being shot, passed between players, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled
(bouncing the ball while running). The ball must stay within the court; the last team to touch the ball before travels
out of bounds forfeits possession. The ball is out of bounds if touches or crosses over a boundary line, or touches a
player who is out of bounds. This is in contrast to other sports such as football, volleyball, and tennis (but not rugby
or American football) where the ball (or player) is still considered in if any part of it is touching a boundary line

Main articles: Personal foul

(basketball) and Technical foul
An attempt to unfairly disadvantage
an opponent through physical
contact is illegal and is called
a foul. These are most
commonly committed by
defensive players; however,
they can be
committed by offensive players as
well. Players who are fouled either
receive the ball to pass
inbounds again, or receive one or
more free throws if they are fouled
in the act of shooting,
depending on whether the shot was
successful. One point is awarded
for making a free throw,
which is attempted from a line 15
feet (4.6m) from the basket.
A Player or coach who shows poor
sportsmanship, such as by arguing
with a referee or
Penalty involves free throws
(where, unlike a personal foul, the
other team can choose any
player to a vanes among leagues.
Repeated incidents can result in
disqualification. Blatant fouls
with by fighting with another
player, can be charged with a more
serious foul called a technical
foul.
When a team shoots foul shots, the
opponents may not interfere with
the shooter, nor
may they try to regain possession
until the last or potentially last free
throw is in the air.
After a team has committed a
specified number of fouls, it is said
to be "in the penalty".
On scoreboards, this is usually
signified with an indicator light
reading "Bonus" or "Penalty" with
an
illuminated directional arrow
indicating that team is to receive
free throws when fouled by the
opposing team. (Some scoreboards
also indicate the number of fouls
committed.)
fa team misses the first shot of a
two-shot situation, the opposing
team must wait for the
completion of the second shot
before attempting to reclaim
possession of the ball and
5. PERSONAL FOUL (BASKETBALL) AND TECHNICAL FOULAN
Attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is illegal and is called a foul. These are
most commonly committed by defensive players; however, they can be committed by offensive players as
well. Players who are fouled either receive the ball to pass inbounds again, or receive one or more free throws if
they are fouled in the act of shooting, depending on whether the shot was successful. One point is awarded for
making a free throw, which is attempted from a line 15 feet (4.6m) from the basket. A Player or coach who shows
poor sportsmanship, such as by arguing with a referee or Penalty involves free throws (where, unlike a personal foul,
the other team can choose any player to a vanes among leagues. Repeated incidents can result in disqualification.
Blatant fouls with by fighting with another player, can be charged with a more serious foul called a technical foul.
When a team shoots foul shots, the opponents may not interfere with the shooter, nor may they try to regain
possession until the last or potentially last free throw is in the air. After a team has committed a specified number of
fouls, it is said to be "in the penalty”. On scoreboards, this is usually signified with an indicator light reading "Bonus"
or "Penalty" with an illuminated directional arrow indicating that team is to receive free throws when fouled by the
opposing team. (Some scoreboards also indicate the number of fouls committed.)fa team misses the first shot of a
two-shot situation, the opposing team must wait for the completion of the second shot before attempting to
reclaim possession of the ball and continuing play. If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is
unsuccessful, the player is awarded a number of free throws equal to the value of the attempted shot.
A player fouled while attempting a regular two-point shot, then, receives two shots. A player fouled while
attempting a three-point shot, on the other hand, receives three shots. If a player is fouled while attempting a shot
and the shot is successful, typically the player will be awarded one additional free throw for one point. In
combination with a regular shot, this is called a "three-point play" or "four-point play" (or more colloquially, an "and
one") because of the basket made at the time of the foul (2 or 3 points) and the additional free throw (1 point)

Although the rules do not specify any positions whatsoever, they have evolved as part of basketball. During the first
five decades of basketball's evolution, one guard, two forwards, and two center or two guards, two forwards, and
one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, namely:

1. Point Guard: usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by controlling the ball and
making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time

2. Shooting guard: creates a high volume of shots on offense; guards the opponent's best perimeter player on
defense

3. Small forward: often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on
defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more actively

4. power forward: plays offensively often with their back to the basket; on defense, plays under the basket (in a zone
defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-man defense)

5. center: uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on defense), or to rebound, The
above descriptions are flexible. On some occasions, teams will choose to use a three guard offense, replacing one
of the forwards or the center with a third guard. The most commonly interchanged positions are point
guard and shooting guard, especially if both players have good leadership and ball handling skills