Ton Duc Thang University

Faculty of Information Technology

Lab 08 - 09
APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR IT - 501032

1 Exercises
Exercise 1: To find the least square solution to Ax = b. For this case, the equation AT Ax = AT b with
 
2 2
A=
2 3
 
4
b=
6

Exercise 2: Solve the linear system below and find the least squares solutions.
    

 e = 0.5 0 0 1 0.5
d + e = 1.6  0 1 1   1.6 

 
c

    
c + 2d + e = 2.8  1 2 1
  d  =  2.8  ⇔ Ax = b
   
⇔
c + e = 0.8  1 0 1   0.8 
e

    
4c + d + e = 5.1  4 1 1  5.1 

 


4c + 2d + e = 5.9 4 2 1 5.9


Exercise 3: Find the equation y = a0 + a1 x of the least squares line that best fits the given data points.
(a) (0, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 2)
(b) (1, 0), (2, 1), (4, 2), (5, 3)
(c) (−1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 4)
(d) (2, 3), (3, 2), (5, 1), (6, 0)
Exercise 4: An engineer is tracking the friction index over mileage of a breaking system of a vehicle. She
expects that the mileage-friction relationship is approximately linear and she collects five data points
that are show in the table below.

Mileage 2000 6000 20000 30000 40000

Friction Index 20 18 10 6 2

Write a function to describe these points above and the approximately points by graph.

Hint: Consider b is the vector of friction index data values and y values when we plug in the mileage
data for x and find y by the equation of the line ax + b = y. We want minimizes the distance between
b and y.

Anh H. Vo - vohoanganh@tdtu.edu.vn 1
 Ton Duc Thang University
Faculty of Information Technology

Exercise 5: A cetain experiment produces the data (1, 7.9), (2, 5.4) and (3, −9). Describe the model that
produces a least squares fit of these points by a function of the f orm

y = Acosx + Bsinx

Exercise 6: A bioengineer is studying the growth of a genetically engineered bacteria culture and suspects
that is it approximately follows a cubic model. He collects six data points that are show table below.

Time in Days 1 2 3 4 5 6
Grams 2.1 3.5 4.2 3.1 4.4 6.8

He assumes the equation has the cubic form ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = y. Write a function to describe these
points above by graph.

Exercise 7: We define the 2 × 2 matrix Sλ,µ as

 
λ 0
Sλ,µ =
0 µ
When we multiply Sλ,µ to any vector v ∈ R2 , we get
   
x λx
Sλ,µ =
y µy
Execute commands trans 2 × 2.
(a) Describe geometrically the action of S2,2 with λ = 2 and µ = 2.
(b) Describe geometrically the action of S0.5,0.5 with λ = 0.5 and µ = 0.5.
(c) Describe geometrically the action of S1,−1 with λ = 1 and µ = −1.
(d) Describe geometrically the action of S−1,1 with λ = −1 and µ = 1.
Exercise 8: We define the 2 × 2 matrix Rθ as
 
cos(θ) −sin(θ)
Rθ =
sin(θ) cos(θ)
Execute commands trans 2 × 2.
(a) Describe geometrically the action of Rθ with θ = π.
π
(b) Describe geometrically the action of Rθ with θ = .
3
Exercise 9: Draw the house and its image when you perform transformations:
(a) Translation with tx = 2 and ty = 4
(b) Rotation with α = π/3
(c) Scaling with Sx = 2 and Sy = 3
(d) Shear
• along x with Shearx = 0.5
• along y with Sheary = -1.5

Anh H. Vo - vohoanganh@tdtu.edu.vn 2
 Ton Duc Thang University
Faculty of Information Technology

Exercise 10: Let P (1, 1), Q(3, 1), R(1, 3) are the vertices of a triangle, and matrix A represent the vertices
of this triangle. Determine the image of the triangle P QR under the transformation (−I)A.
Exercise 11: Define the following map from R2 to R3 :

  x
x
→ y 
y
w
Hence representing each 2D point by a 3D coordinate (w = 1).

(a) Perform transformations on the original image of Figure F using each of the following transfor-
mation matrices, and observe the corresponding geometrical changes,
 1   5   1 5 

−1 0 0
 0 0 1 0 0
 4 4  4 4
1 5 1 5
   
T1 =  0 −1 0  , T2 =  0 0
 , T3 = 
  0 1 −
 , T4 = 
  0 −
,

0 0 1 4 4 4 4
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
 1   1 5   5 
− 0 0 − 0 − 1 −1
4 4 4  4 
1 1 5  , T7 =  5 ,
   
T5 = 
 0 − 0  , T6
 =
 0 −   0 0 
4 4 4 4
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

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 Ton Duc Thang University
Faculty of Information Technology

(b) Draw on Diagram 2, the image of the transformation of the Figure F in Diagram 1, represented
by the matrix  
1 0 −2
T =  0 −2 1 
9 0 1

Anh H. Vo - vohoanganh@tdtu.edu.vn 4