SIX

TRIGONOMETRIC
RATIOS
Quarter 4 – Lesson 1
 PARTS OF A RIGHT TRIANGLE

hypotenuse
The side opposite to the right angle; the longest side

opposite theta
The side opposite to the referencing angle It represents an angle

θ
adjacent
The side next to the referencing angle that is not the hypotenuse
SOH-CAH-TOA
 SINE – COSINE – TANGENT
SOHCAHTOA is an easy way to remember the three main trigonometric
ratios. They are Sine (sin), Cosine (cos), and Tangent (tan).

O A O
S H C H T A
opposite adjacent opposite
sin θ = cos θ = tan θ =
hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent
CHO-SHA-CAO
 COSECANT – SECANT – COTANGENT
the reciprocal of the sine: cosecant; cosine: secant; and tangent: cotangent.

H H A
C O S A C O
hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent
csc θ = sec θ = cot θ =
opposite adjacent opposite
1 1 1 1 1 1
csc θ = or sec θ = or cot θ = or
hypotenuse sin θ hypotenuse cos θ adjacent tan θ
opposite adjacent opposite
LET’S TRY:
Find the values of the six trigonometric ratios of acute angles A and C.

• AC is the hypotenuse
• MC is the opposite side
• MA is the adjacent side
14
6 • hypotenuse = 14
• opposite = 10
• adjacent = 6

10
 LET’S TRY:
Find the values of the six trigonometric ratios of acute angles A and C.

opposite 10 5
sin A= = =
hypotenuse 14 7
adjacent 6 3
cos A= = =
hypotenuse 14 7
opposite 10 5
tan A= = =
adjacent 6 3

hypotenuse 14 7 hypotenuse 14 7 adjacent 6 3

• AC is the hypotenuse
• MA is the opposite side
• MC is the adjacent side
14
6 • hypotenuse = 14
• opposite = 6
• adjacent = 10

10
 LET’S TRY:
Find the values of the six trigonometric ratios of acute angles A and C.

opposite 6 3
sin C= = =
hypotenuse 14 7
14 adjacent 10 5
6 cos C= = =
hypotenuse 14 7
opposite 6 3
tan C= = =
adjacent 10 5

10
hypotenuse 14 7 hypotenuse 14 7 adjacent 10 5
csc C = = = sec C = = = cot C = = =
opposite 6 3 adjacent 10 5 opposite 14 7
LET’S TRY:
Referring to the figure below, find the following:

1. cos U 8
2. tan R U T
3. csc U
4. sec R

12
15
adjacent 8 hypotenuse 15 5
1. cos U = = 3. csc U = = =
hypotenuse 15 opposite 12 4

opposite 8 2 hypotenuse 15 5
2. tan R = = = 4. sec R = = =
adjacent 12 3 adjacent 12 4
R
ON YOUR NOTEBOOK: SEATWORK #1
Given the figures below, find the values of the indicated
trigonometric ratios.

1.sin E 6. cos G
2.cos E 7. csc G
3.cot E 8. sin H
4.tan Z 9. tan H
5.sec Z 10. cot H
WHAT TO DO: ASSIGNMENT #1
What WORD is spelled with letters arranged in alphabetical order?

4 5 3 1 2 6

Given right triangle ∆OKI, match the trigonometric ratios with their corresponding values.
Each value is paired with a letter to be used in answering the question above.

1. sin K
4
T−3 S−
2. cos K 7 7
O− G−1
3. tan K 4
12 8
4. csc I A− N −
7 14
1 7
5. sec I R− I−
3 12
6. cot K
WHAT TO BRING:
Kindly bring your SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR tomorrow/next
class. If none, you may download the free app: HiPER
Scientific Calculator on your phone.

Note: This is individual.