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 CONTENT
Numbers up to one Million 03
Unit Whole Numbers Addition and Subtraction
And Multiplication and Division
1 Operations Number Patterns
Review Exercise 12
Highest Common Factor
Unit HCF 14
(HCF) and Least Common LCM
2 Multiple (LCM)
Review Exercise 21

Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 22

Unit Multiplication of Fractions
Fractions
3 Division of Fractions
Review Exercise 31

Decimal Numbers Decimal Numbers 32

Unit Estimation
and
4 Percentages
Percentages
Review Exercise 47

Unit Distance Distance 48

and Time
5 time Review Exercise 63

Unit Unitary Method 64

Unitary Method
6 Review Exercise 66

Angles 67
Triangles
Unit Geometry Quadrilaterals
7 Symmetry
Three dimensional (3-D) Objects
95
Review Exercise

Perimeter and Area 96

Unit Perimeter and
8 Area
Review Exercise 102

Average 103
Unit
Data Handling Bar Graphs
9 Review Exercise 111
 Exercise
1a

1. Write the following numbers in words:

a. 123,407
One hundred twenty three thousand, four hundred and seven.
b. 365,903
Three hundred sixty five thousand, nine hundred and three.
c. 700,323
Seven hundred thousand, three hundred and twenty three.
d. 212,909
Two hundred twelve thousand, nine hundred and nine.
e. 000,866
Eight hundred and sixty six.
f. 1,000,000
One million.

2. Write the following numbers in numerals:

a. four hundred twenty thousand, seven hundred and eighteen

420,718
b. two hundred eighty-four thousand, nine hundred
284,900
c. three hundred seventy-four thousand, six hundred and fourteen
347,614
d. one million
1000000
e. nine hundred ninety nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-seven
999997

3 3
 1

Exercise
1b
1. Add the following:
a. 1 1 1 b. 1 1 c.
H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O
6 4 4 , 3 3 3 7 9 6 , 0 9 2 4 4 4 , 5 6 5
+ 4 1 , 3 4 7 + 8 4 , 8 8 4 + 2 7 , 3 1 4
6 8 5 , 6 8 0 8 8 0 , 9 7 6 4 7 1 , 8 7 9

1 d. 1 1 1 e. 1 1 f. 1
H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O
2 0 3 , 9 0 7 4 5 8 , 1 9 6 8 2 1 , 2 9 0
+ 3 1 , 1 1 5 +1 6 5 , 3 0 4 +3 2 5 , 1 1 4
2 3 5 , 0 2 2 6 2 3 , 5 0 0 1 ,1 4 6 , 4 0 4

2. Subtract the following:

10 a. 9 10 10 10 b. 10 10 10 c. 10 10
H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O
8 01 6 , 78 0 7 34 4 56 , 12 34 0 6 9 67 , 0 89 2
–7 0 8 , 1 9 8 – 5 1 , 3 4 7 – 5 4 , 8 8 4
1 0 8 , 6 0 9 3 9 4 , 8 9 3 6 4 2 , 2 0 8

10 d. 10 10 e. 10 10 10 f. 10 10
H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O
4 67 0 , 5 56 2 6 56 1 , 7 34 6 78 34 12 , 4 89 0
–0 2 7 , 3 1 4 –5 2 7 , 3 1 7 – 4 2 , 5 0 1
4 4 3 , 2 4 8 1 3 4 , 4 2 9 7 9 9 , 9 8 9
g. 10 10 h. 10 10 10 10 i. 10
H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O H.Th T.Th Th H T O
9 7 78 , 4 7 7 78 5 56 , 78 67 4 45 2 56 , 2 6 5
–8 2 5 , 6 1 6 –6 7 4 , 8 8 5 –1 7 5 , 3 2 3
1 5 2 , 8 6 1 1 8 1 , 9 8 9 3 5 0 , 9 4 2

Exercise
1c
1. Solve the following:
a. 3756 x 10 b. 3756 x 100
Solution : Solution :
3756 x 10 = 37560 3756 x 100 = 375600
44
 Whole Numbers and Operations

c. 3756 x 1000 d. 4893 x 10

Solution : Solution :
3756 x 1000 = 3756000 4893 x 10 = 48930
e. 4893 x 100 f. 4893 x 1000
Solution : Solution :
4893 x 100 = 489300 4893 x 1000 = 4893000
2. Solve the following:
a. 2834 x 52
52 = 50 + 2
Solution :
Step1 : Multiply the multiplicand by 2834 x 2 = 5668
Step 2 : Multiply the multiplicand 2834 by 5 and add one zero at
right of product. This is multiplication by 50 = 141,700
Now add product of two steps.
So, 2834 x 52 = 147,368
b. 4393 x 342
342 = 300 + 40 + 2
Solution :
Step 1 : Multiply the multiplicand by 4393 by 2 = 8,786
Step 2 : Multiply the multiplicand 4393 by 4 and add one zero at
right of product. This is multiplication by 40 = 175,720
Step 3 : Multiply the multiplicand 4393 b 3 and add two zero at
right of product. This is multiplication of =1,317,900,300
Now add product of three steps.
So, 4393 x 342 = 1,502,406

55
c. 41298 x 23
23 = 20 + 3
Step 1: Multiply the multiplicand by 41298 by 3 = 41298 x 3
= 123,894
Step 2: Multiply the multiplicand by 2 and add one zero at right
of product. This is multiplication by 20 = 825,960
Now add products of wo step so 41298 x 23 = 949854
d. 4697 x 8 5 7 5
4697
= 37, 576
x 8
37 5 7 6
e. 83985 x 69
69 = 60 + 9
Step 1: Multiply the multiplicand 83985 by 9 = 755,865
= 845,865
Step 2: Multiply the multiplicand 83,985 by 6 and add one zero
on right of product. This is the multiplication by 60 = 5,039,100
Now, add product of above two steps.
83985 x 69 = 5,794,965
f. 4692 x 700
Step 1: Multiply multiplicand by 7 and add two zeros at right of
product. So multiplication by 700 = 3,284,400

6
 Exercise
1d
1. Divide the following and write the quotient and remainder:
a. 54567 ¸ 14 b. 86789 ¸ 13 c. 43456 ¸ 27
3897 6676 1609
14 54567 13 86789 27 43456
42 78 27
125 87 164
112 78 162
136 98 256
126 91 243
107 79 13
98 78
9 10
Quotient : 3897 Quotient : 6676 Quotient : 1609
Remainder : 9 Remainder : 10 Remainder : 13
d. 54678 ¸ 42 e. 74673 ¸ 63 f. 35785 ¸ 50
1301 1185 715
42 54678 63 74673 50 35785
42 63 350
126 116 78
126 63 50
78 537 285
42 504 250
36 333 35
315
18
Quotient : 1301 Quotient : 1185 Quotient : 715
Remainder : 36 Remainder : 18 Remainder : 35

7
 g. 46389 ¸ 12 h. 93845 ¸ 37 i. 68972 ¸ 24
3865 2536 2873
12 46389 37 93845 24 68972
36 74 48
103 198 204
96 185 192
78 134 177
72 111 168
69 235 92
60 222 72
9 20
Quotient : 3865 Quotient : 2536 13 Quotient : 2873
Remainder : 9 Remainder : 13 Remainder : 20
j. 28291 ¸ 13 k. 95600 ¸ 100 l. 85000 ¸ 1000
2176 956 85
13 28291 100 95600 1000 85000
26 900 8000
22 560 5000
13 500 5000
99 600 0
91 600 Quotient : 85
81 0 Remainder : 0
78 Quotient : 956
Quotient : 2176 3 Remainder : 0
Remainder : 3
m. 59770 ¸ 10 n. 45000 ¸ 100 o. 77458 ¸ 50
5977 45 1549
10 59770 100 45000 50 77458
50 400 50
97 500 274
90 500 250
77 0 245
70 200
70 458
70 450
0 8
Quotient : 5977 Quotient : 45 Quotient : 1549
Remainder : 0 Remainder : 0 Remainder : 8
8 8
 1

p. 4380 ¸ 10

438
10 4380
40
38
30
80
80
0
Quotient : 438
Remainder : 0

Exercise
1e

Umair’s annual income is Rs. 300,000 and his brother’s income is Rs. 221,000.
1.
Find out their total income?

Annual income of Umair = 300,000

300,000
Brother ’s income = 221,000
+ 2,21,000
Total income =?
5,21,000
Solution:
Total income = 300,000 + 2,21,000
= 5,21,000

Saleem gets Rs. 26,000 as Eidi from his brothers and sisters, and Rs. 65,000 from
2.
his uncles. How much total money does he receive as Eidi?

Saleem gets Eidi from his brother and sister = 26,000

26,000
Saleem gets Eidi from his uncle = 65,000
+ 65,000
Total eidi =?
91,000
Solution:
Total money = 26,000 + 65,000
= 91,000

9
 A shopkeeper bought 860,320 notebooks and sold 25,450 out of them. How
3.
many notebooks are left?
9 10 10
5 10 2
Shopkeeper bought notebooks = 860,320 860,320
Sold notebooks = 25,450 - 25,450
Left notebooks =? 834,870
Solution:
Left notebooks = 860,320 - 25,450
= 834,870
What will be the amount of electricity bill if a consumer consumed 1,280 units in
4.
a month at the rate of Rs. 26 per unit.
Consumed units =1280
Rate of unit = 26 per units
Electricity bill = ?
Solution :
Electricity bill = 1280 x 26
26 = 20 + 6
1280 x 6 = 7680
1280 x 20 = 25600
1280 x 26 = 7680 + 25600 = 33280
Electricity bill = 33280
5. If the price of 10 books is Rs. 33,500, find the price of one book.
3350
Price of 10 books = 3500
10 33500
Price of one book = ? 30
Solution: 35
30
Price of 1 book = 3500 ÷ 10
50
Price of 1 book = 3,350 50
0
0
x

10
 1

6. If one LED TV cost Rs. 24,900, find the price of 580 such LEDs.

Cost of one LED Tv = 24,900

Price of 580 LED Tv = ?
Solution :
Price of 580 LED Tv = 24,900 x 580
580 = 500 + 80
24,900 x 500 = 12,450,000
24,900 x 80 = 1, 992,000
24,900 x 580 = 12,450,000 + 1,992,000
Price of 580 LED’s = 14,442,000

A fruit farm packs mangoes in boxes. Each box holds 125 mangoes. How many
7.
boxes will be needed to pack 75250 mangoes?

Mangoes in each box = 125 602

Total boxes for 75,250 = ? 125 75250
Solution : 750
Number of boxes = 75,250 ÷ 125 250
Number of boxes = 602 250
x

Exercise
1f

1. What comes next? What’s the rule? Write the next three terms.
a. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 , 21 , 24 (Addition of 3
Rule: ________________
_____________________
at each number)
b. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 , 128 , 256 Rule: ________________
(Multiple of 2)

c. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 , 70 , 80 Rule: ________________

(Addition of 10)

d. 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 , 55 , 60 65 (Addition of 5)

Rule: ________________

e. 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 , 700 , 800 , Rule: ________________
(Addition of 100)

1111
 2. Look at the Chart below:
How many patterns can you see? What are the rules for the patterns?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
3. Observe the given tables and find the rules of number patterns in both columns.
a. Result Result b. Result Result c. Result Result d. Result Result
(in) (out) (in) (out) (in) (out) (in) (out)
7 60 8 12 5 11 9 13
14 70 10 22
16 22 18 26
21 80 15 33
28 90 24 32 27 39
20 44
35 100 32 42 25 55 36 52

a.
In : Addition of 7 in previous number.
Rule: ________________________________________
Out : Addition of 10 in previous number.
________________________________________
b.
In : Addition of 8 in previous number.
Rule: ________________________________________
Out : Addition of 10 in previous number.
________________________________________
c.
In : Addition of 5 in previous number.
Rule: ________________________________________
Out : Addition of 11 in previous number.
________________________________________
d.
In : Addition of 9 in previous number.
Rule: ________________________________________
Out : Addition of 13 in previous number.
________________________________________

12
 Review Exercise -1
1. Encircle the correct option.
a. We put commas after every ______ digits from right to left in a number:
(i)P 3 (ii) 4 (iii) 2 (iv) 5
b. The smallest 7-digit number is:
(i) 111,111 (ii) 9,999,000 P
(iii) 1,000,000 (iv) 9,999,999
c. One million can be written as:
(i) 100,000,000 (ii)P 1,000,000 (iii) 100,000 (iv) 1,000,000,000
d. When we ____ a number by 10 we remove a zero from its right:
(i) multiply (ii) subtract (iii)P divide (iv) add
e. When we multiply 8,931 by 10 we get:
(i)P 89,310 (ii) 8,931 (iii) 893,100 (iv) 8,931,000
2. Write the following numbers in word:
a. 785,423

Seven hundred eighty – five thousand, four hundred and twenty three.
b. 600,798
Six hundred thousand, seven hundred and ninety eight.
c. 12,010
Twelve thousand and ten.
d. 596,291
Five hundred ninety six thousand, two hundred and ninety one.
3. Write these numbers in figures.
a. one hundred forty-five thousand, and two 145,002
b. two hundred ninety-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six 295,626
c. three hundred twenty-five thousand, four hundred and seventy 325,470
4. Put commas in correct place.
a. 666001 b. 321624 c. 348986
a. 666,001 b. 321,624 c. 348,986
5. Solve the following:

3113
 a. 202,121 + 65,342 b. 28,315 + 92,921 c. 139,657 + 247,666
1 1 1 1 1 1
202,121 28,315 139,657
+ 65,342 + 92,921 + 247,666
267,463 121,236 387,323

d. 671,920 – 31,402 e. 846,109 – 591,279 f. 675,921 – 31,412

1 10 10 10 10 1 10
7 5 0
671,920 846,109 675,921
- 31,402 - 591,279 - 31,412
640,518 254,830 644,509

g. 378,216 x 10 h. 32,345 x 321 i. 65,871 x 100

1
1 1 1
65,871 10 32,345 65,871
x 10 3
x 1 1 321 x 100
00000 32345 00,000
65871x 1
64690x 00,000x
658710 97035xx 65,871xx
10382745 65,87100
6. Identify the rules for the following patterns and write the next three terms:
a. 15, 30, 45, 60
______, ______, 90
7 5 ______
b. 180, 165, 150, 1 3 5 ______,
______, 105
1 2 0 ______
c. 50, 100, 150, 2 0 0 ______,
______, 300
2 5 0 ______
d. 8,200,000, 820,000, 82,000, 8______, 8 2 0 ______
2 0 0 ______, 82
e. 96, 48, 24, 2
______, 6
______, 3
______
7. The price of a car is Rs. 765,217 and the price of another car is Rs. 576,000. Find
the total price of both cars.
Price of car = 765,217
Price of other car = 5,76,000
Price of both car = ?
Solution:
Price of both car = 765,217 + 576000
Price of both car = 1,341,217

14
1

8. There are 26,786 boys and 768,211 girls in a city. How many more girls are
there than the boys?
Number of boys = 26,786
Number of girls = 768,211
Difference =?
Solution:
Difference of girls from boys = 768,211 – 26786
= 741,425
9. Umair’s income for 4 months is Rs. 99920. Find
a) his monthly salary. b) his salary for 36 months
Salary of month =? 24980
Salary of 8 months = ? 4 99920
Solution:
8
Salary of a month = 99920 ÷ 4
= 24980 19
Salary of 36 month = 24980 x 36 16
899280
= 899,280 39
36
149880 36
74940x 32
899,280 32
0
b) His salary for 36 months = 24980 x 8 3 7 6
24980
= 199,840 8
199840
10. Observe the given tables and find the rules of number patterns

a. Result (in) Result (out) b. Result (in) Result (out)

1 10 1 10
10 100 2 25
100 1000 3 40
1,000 10000 4 55
10,000 100,000
Result (in) : mul plica on of 10 in previous Result (in) : Addition of 1 in previous
number. number.
Result (out) : mul plica on of 10 in previous Result (out) : Addition of 15 in previous
number. number

51 15
 Exercise
2a

1. Find out HCF of the following numbers by Prime Factorization

Method and by Division Method:
a. 30 and 40 2 30 2 40
Prime factorization of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 3 15 2 20
Prime factorization of 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 5 5 2 10
Common factors of 30 and 40 = 2,5 1 5 5
Product = 2 x 5 = 10 1 1
Hence the HCF of 30 and 40 = 10 30 40
By Division 30 3
Hence HCF of 30 and 40 = 10 10 30
30
b. 10 and 63 0
Prime factorization of 10 = 2 x 5 2 10 3 63
Prime factorization of 63 = 3 x 3 x 7 5 5 3 21
HCF = 1 1 7 7
2 1
30 63
60 3
3 10
9 3
1 3
3
x
c. 40 and 48
Prime factorization of 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 2 40 2 48
Prime factorization of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 20 2 24
Common factors of 40 and 48 = 2 , 2 , 2 2 10 2 12
Product =2x2x2 5 5 2 6
Hence the HCF of 40 and 48 = 8 1 1 3 3
By division 40 48 1
40 5
Hence HCF of 40 and 48 =8
8 40
40
x

61 16
2

d. 20 and 72
Prime factorization of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5 3
2 20 2 72
Prime factorization of 72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 20 72
60 1 2 10 2 36
Common factors of 20 and 72 = 2 , 2 12 20 5 5 2 18
Product =2x2 12 1
8 12 1 3 9
Hence the HCF of 20 and 72 = 4
8 2 3 3
By division 4 8
Hence HCF of 20 and 72 =4 8 1
0
e. 48 and 80
2 48 2 80
Prime factorization of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
2 24 2 40
Prime factorization of 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
1 2 12 2 20
Common factors of 48 and 80 = 2 , 2 , 2 , 2
Product =2x2x2x2 48 82 2 6 2 10
48 1 3 3 5 5
Hence the HCF of 48 and 80 = 16 32 48
By division 32 2 1 1
Hence HCF of 48 and 80 = 16 16 32
32
0

f. 20 and 82
Prime factorization of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5 2 20 2 82
Prime factorization of 82 = 2 x 41 2 10 41 41
Common factors of 20 and 82 = 2 4
20 82 5 5 1
Product =2
80 10 1
Hence the HCF of 20 and 82 = 2 2 20
By division 20
Hence HCF of 20 and 82 =2 0

g. 60 and 70
Prime factorization of 60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
Prime factorization of 70 = 2 x 5 x 7 2 60 2 70
Common factors of 60 and 70 = 2 , 5 2 30 5 35
Product = 10 1 3 15 7 7
Hence the HCF of 60 and 70 = 10 60 70 5 5 1
By division 60 6 1
Hence HCF of 60 and 70 = 10 10 60
60
x
2

h. 30 and 45
Prime factorization of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5
Prime factorization of 45 = 5 x 3 x 3 1 2 30 5 45
Common factors of 30 and 45 = 3 , 5 30 45 3 15 3 9
30 2
Product = 15 15 30 5 5 3 3
Hence the HCF of 30 and 45 = 15 30 1 1
By division 0
Hence HCF of 30 and 45 = 15

i. 80 and 160
Prime factorization of 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 2 80 2 160
Prime factorization of 160 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 2 40 2 80
Common factors of 80 and 160 = 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 5
2 20 2 40
Product =2x2x2x2x5
2 10 2 20.
Hence the HCF of 80 and 160 = 80
By division 2 5 5 2 10
Hence HCF of 80 and 160 = 80 80 160 1 5 5
160 1
0

j. 25 and 35
Prime factorization of 25 =5x5 1 5 25 5 35
Prime factorization of 35 =5x7 25 35 5 5 7 7
Common factors =5 25 2
10 25 1 1
By division
20 2
Hence HCF of 25 and 35 =5 5 10
10
x
 2. Find out HCF of the following numbers by Prime Factorization
Method and by Division Method:
a. 24, 48, 72
Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
Prime factors of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 2 24 2 48 2 48
Prime factors of 72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 2 12 2 24 2 24
Common factors of 24, 48 and 72 = 2, 2, 2, 3 2 6 2 12 2 12
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24 3 3 2 6 2 6
HCF of 24, 48, 72 = 24 1 3 3 3 3
Division 1 1
First Step
1
divide 48 and 72
48 72
The last divisor 24 is HCF of 48 and 72 48
2nd step 2
Let’s find out HCF of 3rd number 24 24 48
Last division = 24 48
0
HCF of 24, 48, 72 = 24
b. 20, 40, 80
Prime factors of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5 2
Prime factors of 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 40 80
Prime factors of 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 80
Common factors of 20, 40, 80 = 2, 2, 5 0 2 20 2 40 2 80
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 x 5 = 20 2 10 2 20 2 40
HCF of 20, 40, 80 = 20 5 5 2 10 2 20
Division 1 5 5 2 10
First Step 1 5 5
divide 80 and 40 2 1
The last divisor 40 is HCF of 40 and 80 20 40
2nd step 40
0
Now find HCF of third number 20, divide 40 by 20
Hence HCF of 20, 40, 80 = 20

19
 c. 16, 24, 64
Prime factors of 16 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 2
Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 20 40
Prime factors of 64 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 40
Common factors of 16, 24, 64 = 2, 2, 2 0 2 24 2 16 2 64
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 2 12 2 8 2 32
2
HCF of 16, 24, 64 = 8 64 2 6 2 4 2 16
24
Division method 48 1 3 3 2 2 2 8
First Step 16 24 1 1 2 4
16 2 2 2
divide 64 and 24 8 16
The last divisor 8 is HCF of 64 and 24 16 1
2nd step 0
Let’s find out HCF of 3rd number by 16 by 8
Hence HCF of 16, 24, 64 = 8
d. 24, 48, 60
Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 24 2 48 2 60
Prime factors of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 12 2 24 2 30
Prime factors of 60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 2 6 2 12 3 15
Common factors of 24, 48 and 60 = 2, 2, 3 3 3 2 6 5 5
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12 1
1 3 3 1
48 60
HCF of 24,48 and 60 = 12 48 4 1
Division method 12 48
First Step 48 2
0 12 24
Divide 60 by 48 24
The last divisor 12 is HCF of 60 and 48 0
The HCF of 3rd number is obtained by divide 24 by 12.
Hence HCF of 24, 48 and 60 = 12
e. 12, 36, 48
2 36 2 12 2 48
Prime factors of 12 = 2 x 2 x 3
2 18 2 6 2 24
Prime factors of 36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
3 9 3 3 2 12
Prime factors of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
3 3 1 2 6
Common factors of 12, 36, 48 = 2, 2, 3
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12 1 3 3
HCF of 12, 36, 48 = 12 1

02
Division method
1
First Step 36 48
1
divide 48 and 36 12 12
36 3 12
The last divisor 12 is HCF of 48 and 36 12 36 0
2nd step 36
0
The HCF of 3rd number is obtained by divide 12 by 12
Hence HCF of 24, 48, 60 = 12
f. 25, 30, 35
Prime factors of 25 = 5 x 5 5 25 2 30 5 35
Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 5 5 3 15 7 7
Prime factors of 35 = 5 x 7 5 5 1
1 1
Common factors of 25, 30, 35 = 5 1
Hence, HCF of 25, 30 and 35 = 5 30 35
30 6
Division method 5 30
First Step 30
divide 35 and 30 0
The last divisor 5 is HCF of 30 and 35
2nd step
Now, we find out HCF of 3rd number divide 25 by 3
Hence HCF of 25, 30, 35 = 5
g. 21, 42, 63
Prime factors of 21 = 3 x 7
Prime factors of 42 = 2 x 3 x 7 3 21 2 42 3 63
Prime factors of 63 = 3 x 3 x 7 7 7 3 24 3 21
Common factors of 21, 42, 63 = 3, 7 1 2 7 7 7
Product of Common factors = 3 x 7 = 21 1 1 1
Hence, HCF of 21, 42, 63 = 21 42 63
42 2
Division method 21 21
First Step 21
divide 35 and 30 0
The last divisor 21 is HCF of 42 and 63
Now, we find out HCF of third number 21.
Divide 21 by 21
Hence HCF of 21, 42, 63 = 21

21
 h. 10, 15, 20
Prime factors of 10 = 2 x 5
2 20 3 15 2 20
Prime factors of 15 = 3 x 5
5 5 5 5 2 10
Prime factors of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5
1 1 5 5
Common factors of 10, 15, 20 = 5 1 1
Hence HCF of 10, 15, 20 = 5 15 20
Division method 15 3 2
5 15 5 10
divide 20 by 15 10
15
The last divisor 5 is HCF of 20 and 15 0 0
Now, we find out HCF of 3rd number 10.
Divide 10 by 5
Hence HCF of 10, 15, 20 = 5
i. 28, 42, 56
Prime factors of 28 = 2 x 2 x 7 2 28 2 42 2 56
Prime factors of 42 = 2 x 3 x 7 2 14 3 21 2 28
Prime factors of 56 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 7 7 2 14
7 7
Common factors of 28, 42, 56 = 2 x 7 1 1 7 7
1
Hence HCF of 28, 42, 56 = 14 42 56 1
Division method 42 3 2
divide 42 by 56 14 42 14 28
42 28
The last divisor 14 is HCF of 42 and 56 0 0
Now, we find out HCF of 3rd number 28.
Divide 28 by 40
Hence HCF of 28, 42, 56 = 14
j. 12, 24, 40
Prime factors of 12 = 2 x 2 x 3 2 12 2 24 2 40
Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 6 2 12 2 20
Prime factors of 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 3 3 2 6 2 10
Common factors of 14, 24, 40 = 2, 2 1 1 3 3 5 5
24 40 1 1
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 = 4 24 1
HCF of 12, 24, 40 = 4 16 24 1
Division method 16 2 8 12
8 16 8 2
divide 40 by 24 16 4 8
The last divisor 8 is HCF of 40 and 24 0 8
Now, we find out HCF of 3rd number 12. 0
Divide 12 by 8
HCF of 12, 24, 40 = 4
22
k. 15, 30, 45
Prime factors of 15 = 3 x 5
3 15 2 30 3 45
Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5
5 5 3 15 3 15
Prime factors of 45 = 3 x 3 x 5
1 5 5 5 5
Common factors of 15, 30, 45 = 3, 5
1 1 1
Product of common factors = 3 x 5 = 15 1
15 15 30 45
HCF of 15, 30, 45 = 15 15
Division method 30 2
0 15 30
divide 45 by 30 30
The last divisor 15 is HCF of 45 and 30 0
Now, we find out HCF of 3rd number 15.
Divide 15 by last divisor of 45 and 30 which is 15
HCF of 15, 30, 45 = 15
l. 20, 24, 48
Prime factors of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5 2 48 2 20 2 24
Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 24 2 10 2 12
Prime factors of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 12 5 5 2 6
Common factors of 20, 24, 48 = 2, 2 2 6 1 3 3
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 = 4 3 5 1
HCF of 20, 24, 48 = 4 1
Division method 2
1
divide 48 by 24 24 48 20 24
The last divisor 24 is HCF of 48 and 24 48 20 5
0 4 20
Now, we find out HCF of 3rd number 20.
20
Divide 20 by last divisor of 48 and 24 which is 24 0
HCF of 20, 24, 48 = 4

23
 Exercise
2b
1. Find out LCM of the following numbers by Prime Factorization Method
and by Division Method:
a. 24, 54
Prime factor of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 24 2 54
Prime factor of 54 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 2 12 2 27
2 6 2 9
Product of common factor = 2 x 3 = 6
3 3 3 3
Product of non-common factor = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 = 36
1 1
Product of common and non-common = 6 x 36 = 216
Hence LCM
2 24, 54
Division method 2 12, 27
LCM = Product of all prime factor 2 6, 27
So LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 216 3 3, 27
3 1, 9
3 1, 3
1, 1
b. 32, 80
2 32 2 80
Prime factor of 32 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
2 16 2 40
Prime factor of 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 2 8 2 20
Product of common factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16 2 4 2 10
Product of non-common factor = 2 x 5 = 10 2 2 5 5
Product of common and non-common factor = 16 x 10 = 160 1 1
Hence LCM = 16 x 10 = 160 2 32, 80
Division method 2 16, 40
LCM = Product of all prime factor
2 8, 20
2 4, 10
So LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 = 160
2 2, 5
5 1, 5
1, 1

42
c. 24, 96
Prime factor of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
Prime factor of 96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 24 2 96
2 12 2 48
Product of common factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24
2 6 2 24
Product of non-common factor = 2 x 2 = 4 3 3 2 12
Product of common and non-common factor = 24 x 4 = 96 1 2 6
3 3
Hence LCM = 96
1
Division method 2 24, 96
LCM = Product of all prime factor 2 12, 48
2 6, 24
So LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 96 2 3, 12
2 3, 6
3 3, 3
1, 1
d. 28, 42
2 28 2 42
Prime factor of 28 = 2 x 2 x 7 2 14 3 21
Prime factor of 42 = 2 x 3 x 7 7 7 7 7
Product of common factor = 2 x 7 = 14 1 1
Product of non-common factor = 2 x 3 = 6
2 28, 42
Product of common and non-common factor = 14 x 6 = 84
2 14, 21
Hence LCM = 84 7 7, 21
Division method 3 1, 3
LCM = Product of all prime factor 1, 1
So LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 x 7 = 84

25
2

e. 25, 40
Prime factor of 25 = 5 x 5 2 25 2 40
Prime factor of 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 2 5 2 20
Product of common factor = 5 7 1 2 10
Product of non-common factor = 5 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 40 5 5
1
Product of common and non-common factor = 40 x 5 = 200
2 25, 40
Division method 2 25, 20
LCM = Product of all prime factor 2 25, 10
So LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 = 200 5 25, 5
5 5, 1
1, 1

f. 48, 60
Prime factor of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 48 2 60
Prime factor of 60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 2 24 2 30
Product of common factor = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12 2 12 3 15
Product of non-common factor = 2 x 2 x 5 = 20 2 6 5 5
Product of common and non-common factor = 20 x 12 = 240 3 3 1
Division method 1
LCM = Product of all prime factor 2 48, 60
So LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 = 240 2 24, 60
2 12, 30
2 6, 15
3 3, 15
5 1, 5
1, 1

62
g. 27, 36
3 27 2 36
Prime factor of 27 = 3 x 3 x 3
3 9 2 18
Prime factor of 36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 3 3 3 9
Product of common factor = 3 x 3 = 9 1 3 3
Product of non-common factor = 3 x 2 x 2 = 12
2 27, 36 1
Product of common and non-common factor = 12 x 9 = 108 2 27, 18
Division method 2 27, 9
LCM = Product of all prime factor 3 9, 3
So LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 108 3 3, 1
3 3, 1
1, 1

h. 45, 80
Prime factor of 45 = 3 x 3 x 5 3 45 2 80
Prime factor of 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 3 15 2 40
Product of common factor = 5 3 5 2 20
Product of non-common factor = 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 144 1 2 10
2 45, 80 5 5
Product of common and non-common factor = 5 x 144 = 720
2 45, 40 1
Division method 2 45, 20
LCM = Product of all prime factor 2 45, 10
So LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 = 720 3 45, 5
3 10, 5
3 5, 5
i. 27, 99
1, 1
Prime factor of 27 = 3 x 3 x 3 3 27 3 99
Prime factor of 90 = 3 x 3 x 11 3 9 3 33
Product of common factor = 3 x 3 = 9 3 3 11 11
1 1
Product of non-common factor = 3 x 11 = 33
3 27, 99
Product of common and non-common factor = 33 x 9 = 297
3 9, 33
Division method 3 3, 11
LCM = Product of all prime factor 11 1, 11
So LCM = 3 x 3 x 3 x 11 = 297 1, 1

27
 j. 48, 96
Prime factor of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 48 2 96
Prime factor of 96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 24 2 48
Product of common factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 48 2 12 2 24
2 6 2 12
Product of non-common factor = 2
3 3 2 6
Product of common and non-common factor = 48 x 2 = 96 1 3 3
Division method 1
2 48, 96
LCM = Product of all prime factor
2 24, 48
So LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 96 2 12, 24
2 6, 12
2 3, 6
3 3, 3
1, 1
Exercise
2c
1. Find out LCM of the following by Prime Factorization method and by
Division Method:
a. 28, 56 2 28 2 56
2 14 2 28
Prime factors of 28 = 2 x 2 x 7
7 7 2 14
Prime factors of 56 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 1 7 7
Product non-common factors = 2 x 2 x 7=28 1
Product of common and non-common = 28 x 2 = 56 2 28, 56
Hence = 56 2 14, 28
Division method 2 7, 14
LCM = Product of all prime factor =2 x 2 x 2 x 7 = 56 7 7, 7
1, 1

82
b. 27, 3
3 27 3 3
Prime factors of 27 = 3 x 3 x 3 3 9 1
Prime factors of 3 = 3 3 3
Product common factors = 3 1
Product non-common factors = 3 x 3 = 9 3 27, 3
Product of common and non-common = 3 x 9 = 27 3 9, 1
Hence = 27 3 3, 1
Division method 1, 1
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27

c. 30, 45

Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 2 30 3 45
Prime factors of 45 = 3 x 3 x 5
3 15 3 15
Product common factors = 3 x 5 = 15
5 5 5 5
Product non-common factors = 2 x 3 = 6
Product of common and non-common = 15 x 6 = 90
1 1
Hence = 90 2 30, 45
Division method 3 15, 45
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 3 x 3 = 5 3 5, 15
So LCM = 90 5 5, 5
1, 1
d. 24, 48

Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 24 2 48
Prime factors of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 12 2 24
Product common factors = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24 2 6 2 12
Product non-common factors = 2 = 2 3 3 2 6
Product of common and non-common = 24 x 2 = 48 1 3 5
Hence = 48
1
Division method
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 48 2 24, 48
So LCM = 48 2 12, 24
2 6, 12
2 3, 6
3 1, 3
1, 1

29
 e. 25, 40
5 25 2 40
Prime factors of 25 = 5 x 5 5 5 2 20
Prime factors of 40 = 5 x 2 x 2 x 2 1 2 10
Product common factors = 5 5 5
Product non-common factors = 5 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 40 1
2 25, 40
Product of common and non-common = 5 x 40 = 200
2 25, 20
Hence = 200
2 25, 10
Division method
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 = 200 5 25, 5
So LCM = 200 5 5, 1
1, 1
f. 32, 60
2 32 2 60
Prime factors of 32 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 2 16 2 30
Prime factors of 60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 2 8 3 15
Product common factors = 2 x 2 = 4 2 4 5 5
2 2 1
Product non-common factors = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 120
1 2 32, 60
Product of common and non-common = 120 x 4 = 480
2 16, 30
Hence = 480 2 8, 15
Division method 2 4, 15
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 480 2 2, 15
3 1, 15
So LCM = 480
5 1, 5
1, 1
g. 14, 40

Prime factors of 14 = 2 x 7 2 14 2 40
Prime factors of 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 7 7 2 20
Product common factors = 2 1 2 10
Product non-common factors = 7 x 2 x 2 x 5 = 140 5 5
Product of common and non-common = 2 x 140 = 280 1
2 14, 40
Division method
2 7, 20
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 7 = 280
So LCM = 280
2 7, 10
5 7, 5
7 7, 1
1, 1

03
h. 24, 48 2 24 2 48
2 12 2 24
Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
2 6 2 12
Prime factors of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
Product common factors = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24 3 3 2 6
Product non-common factors = 2 1 3 3
Product of common and non-common = 24 x 2 = 48 1
2 24, 48
Division method 2 12, 24
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 48 2 6, 12
So LCM = 48
2 3, 6
3 3, 3
1, 1

I. 12, 24 2 12 2 24
2 6 2 12
Prime factors of 12 = 2 x 2 x 3 3 3 2 6
Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 1 3 3
Product common factors = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12
1
Product non-common factors = 2 2 12, 24
Product of common and non-common = 12 x 2 = 24 2 6, 12
Division method 2 3, 6
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24 3 3, 3
So LCM = 24 1, 1
j. 20, 25, 45
2 20 5 25 3 45
Prime factors of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5 2 10 5 5 3 15
Prime factors of 25 = 5 x 5 5 5 1 5 5
Prime factors of 45 = 3 x 3 x 5 1 1
Product common factors = 5
Product non-common factors = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 = 180 2 20, 25, 45
Product of common and non-common = 5 x 180 = 900 2 10, 25, 45
Division method 3 5, 25, 45
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 5 = 900 3 5, 25, 15
So LCM = 900 5 5, 25, 5
5 1, 5, 1
1, 1, 1

31
 k. 10, 20, 30 2 20 2 10 2 30
2 10 5 5 3 15
Prime factors of 10 = 2 x 5 5 5 1 5 5
Prime factors of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5 1 1
Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5
Product common factors = 2 x 5 = 10 2 10, 20, 30
Product non-common factors = 3 x 2 = 6 2 5, 10, 15
Product of common and non-common = 10 x 6 = 60 3 5, 5, 15
LCM = 60 5 5, 5, 5
Division method 1, 1, 1
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 60

l. 30, 50, 60
2 30 2 50 2 60
Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 3 15 5 25 2 30
Prime factors of 50 = 2 x 5 x 5
5 5 5 5 3 15
Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
1 1 5 5
Product common factors = 2 x 5 = 10
Product non-common factors = 3 x 5 x 2 = 30 2 30, 50, 60 1
Product of common and non-common = 10 x 30 = 300 2 15, 25, 30
LCM = 300 3 15, 25, 15
Devision method 5 5, 25, 5
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 = 300 5 1, 5, 1
m. 25, 40, 50 1, 1, 1

Prime factors of 25 = 5 x 5 5 25 2 40 2 50
Prime factors of 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 5 5 2 20 5 25
Prime factors of 50 = 2 x 5 x 5 1 2 10 5 5
Product common factors = 5 5 5 1
Product non-common factors = 5 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 40 1
Product of common and non-common = 5 x 40 = 200
LCM = 200 2 25, 40, 50
Devision method 2 25, 20, 25
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 5 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 200 2 25, 10, 25
5 25, 5, 25
5 5, 1, 5
1, 1, 1

23 32
n. 50, 75, 100
2 50 3 75 2 100
Prime factors of 50 = 2 x 5 x 5 5 25 5 25 2 50
Prime factors of 75 = 3 x 5 x 5 5 5 5 5 3 25
Prime factors of 100 = 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 1 1 5 5
Product common factors = 5 x 5 = 25 1
Product non-common factors = 2 x 3 x 2 = 12 2 50, 75, 100
Product of common and non-common = 25 x 12 = 300 2 25, 75, 50
Division method 5 25, 75, 25
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 = 300 5 5, 25, 5
So LCM = 300 5 1, 5, 1
1, 1, 1
o. 24, 60, 96
2 24 2 60 2 96
Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
2 12 2 30 2 48
Prime factors of 60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
2 6 3 15 2 24
Prime factors of 96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
Product common factors = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12
3 3 5 5 2 12
Product non-common factors = 2 x 5 x 2 x 2 = 40 1 1 2 6
Product of common and non-common = 40 x 12 = 480 2 24, 60, 96 3 3
2 12, 30, 48 1
Division method 2 6, 15, 24
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 12 x 40 = 480 2 3, 15, 12
So LCM = 480 2 3, 15, 6
3 3, 5, 3
5 1, 5, 3
1, 1, 1
p. 25, 30, 50
5 25 2 30 2 50
Prime factors of 25 = 5 x 5 5 5 3 15 5 25
Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5
1 5 5 5 5
Prime factors of 50 = 2 x 5 x 5
1 1
Product common factors = 5
Product non-common factors = 5 x 2 x 3 =30 2 25, 30, 50
Product of common and non-common = 5 x 30 = 150 3 25, 15, 25
Division method 5 25, 5, 25
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 = 150 5 5, 1, 5
So LCM = 150 1, 1, 1

3333
 q. 25, 40, 80 5 25 2 40 2 80
5 5 2 20 2 40
Prime factors of 25 = 5 x 5 1 2 10 2 20
Prime factors of 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 5 5 2 10
Prime factors of 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 1 5 5
Product common factors = 5
1
Product non-common factors = 5 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 80 2 25, 40, 80
Product of common and non-common = 5 x 80 = 400 2 25, 20, 40
LCM = 400 2 25, 10, 20
Devision method 2 25, 5, 10
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 = 400 5 25, 5, 5
5 5, 1, 1
r. 28, 56, 140 1, 1, 1

Prime factors of 28 = 2 x 2 x 7 2 28 2 56 2 140

Prime factors of 56 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 2 14 2 28 2 70
Prime factors of 40 = 2 x 2 x 5 x 7 7 7 2 14 5 35
Product common factors = 2 x 2 x 7 = 28 1 7 7 7 7
Product non-common factors = 2 x 5 = 10 1 1
Product of common and non-common = 28 x 10 = 280 2 28, 56, 40
Division method 2 14, 28, 20
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 7 = 280 2 7, 14, 35
So LCM = 280
5 7, 1, 35
7 7, 7, 7
s. 54, 90, 180 1, 1, 1
Prime factors of 54 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 2 54 2 90 2 180
Prime factors of 90 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 3 27 3 45 2 90
Prime factors of 180 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 3 9 3 15 3 45
Product common factors = 2 x 3 x 3 = 18 3 3 5 5 3 15
Product non-common factors = 3 x 2 x 5 = 30 1 1 5 5
Product of common and non-common = 18 x 30 = 540 1
Division method
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 5 = 540
2 54, 90, 180
So LCM = 540 2 27, 45, 90
3 27, 45, 45
3 9, 15, 15
3 3, 5, 5
5 1, 5, 5
1, 1, 1
43 34
 t. 56, 112, 140 2 56 2 112 2 140
2 28 2 56 2 70
Prime factors of 56 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7
2 14 2 28 5 35
Prime factors of 112 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 7
7 7 2 14 7 7
Prime factors of 140 = 2 x 2 x 5 x 7
Product common factors = 2 x 2 x 7 = 28 1 7 7 1
Product non-common factors = 2 x 2 x 5 = 20 1 2 56, 112, 140
Product of common and non-common = 28 x 20 = 560 2 28, 56, 70
Division method 2 14, 28, 35
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 7 = 560 2 7, 14, 35
So LCM = 560 5 7, 7, 35
7 7, 7, 7
u. 18, 54, 90 1, 1, 1
Prime factors of 18 = 2 x 3 x 3 2 56 2 112 2 140
Prime factors of 54 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 2 28 2 56 2 70
Prime factors of 90 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5
2 14 2 28 5 35
7 7 2 14 7 7
Product common factors = 2 x 3 x 3 = 18
1 7 7 1
Product non-common factors = 3 x 5 = 15
1 2 56, 112, 140
Product of common and non-common factors = 18 x 15 = 270
Division method 2 28, 56, 70
2 14, 28, 35
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 5 = 270
2 7, 14, 35
So LCM = 270
5 7, 7, 35
7 7, 7, 7
v. 51, 72, 100 1, 1, 1
2 100 2 72 3 51
Prime factors of 51 = 3 x 17
2 50 2 36 17 17
Prime factors of 72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 5 25 2 18 1
Prime factors of 100 = 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 5 5 3 9
No common factors = 2 51, 72, 100
1 3 3
2 51, 36, 50
Product non-common factors = 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 x 17 1
2 51, 18, 25
Product of common and non-common factors = 30,600
3 51, 9, 25
Division method 3 17, 3, 25
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 5 x 17 = 30,600 5 17, 1, 25
So LCM = 22,950 5 17, 1, 5
17 17, 1, 1
1, 1, 1
3535
 w. 20, 50, 200 2 20 2 50 2 200
2 10 5 25 2 100
Prime factors of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5 5 5 5 5 2 50
Prime factors of 50 = 2 x 5 x 5 1 1 5 25
Prime factors of 200 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5
5 5
Product common factors = 2 x 5 = 10
1
Product non-common factors = 5 x 2 x 2 = 20
Product of common and non-common = 10 x 20 = 200 2 20, 50, 200
LCM = 200 2 10, 25, 100
Devision method 2 10, 25, 50
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 = 200 5 5, 25, 25
5 1, 5, 5
x. 30, 50, 150 1, 1, 1
Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 2 30 2 50 2 150
Prime factors of 50 = 2 x 5 x 5 3 15 5 25 3 75
Prime factors of 150 = 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 5 5 5 5 5 25
Product common factors = 2 x 5 = 10 1 1 5 5
Product non-common factors = 3 x 5 = 15 1
Product of common and non-common factors = 10 x 15 = 150
2 30, 50, 150
Division method
3 15, 25, 75
LCM = Product of all prime factor = 10 x 15 = 150
So LCM = 150 5 5, 25, 25
5 1, 5, 1
1, 1, 1

Exercise
2d

1. Find the greatest number which exactly divides 48 , 56 and 80.

We have to find out HCF of 48, 56 an 80 to find greatest lenght.
Prime factorization of 48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
Prime factorization of 56 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 2 80 2 48 2 56
Prime factorization of 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 2 40 2 24 2 28
Common factors of 48, 56 and 80 = 2, 2, 2 2 20 2 12 2 14
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 2 10 2 6 7 7
Hence greater number is 8. 5 5 3 3 1
1 1

36
2. Find the smallest number which is exactly divisible by 30, 60 and 90.
We have to find out LCM of 30, 60, 90 to find smallest number.
Prime factorization of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 2 30 2 60 2 90
Prime factorization of 60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 3 15 2 30 3 45
Prime factorization of 90 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 5 5 3 15 3 15
Product of common factors = 2 x 3 x 5 = 30 1 5 5 5 5
Product of non common factors = 2 x 3 = 6
1 1
Product of common factors = 30 x 6 = 180
Hence smallest number is 180

What is the minimum number of chocolates that can be divided among 25,50
3.
and 125 students exactly?
We have to find out LCM of 25, 50, 125 to find smallest number. 2 25, 50, 125
Prime factorization of 30 = 2 x 5 x 5 x 5 5 25, 25, 125
= 250 5 5, 5, 25
5 1, 1, 5
1, 1, 1
4. Find the greatest number which exactly divides 20, 25 and 125.
We have to find out HCF of 20, 25, 125 to find greatest number.
Prime factorization of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5 2 20 5 25 5 125
Prime factorization of 25 = 5 x 5
2 10 5 5 5 25
Prime factorization of 125 = 5 x 5 x 5
5 5 1 5 5
Common factors of 20, 25, 125 = 5
1 1
Product of common factors = 5
SO 5 is greater number 20, 25, 125

5. Find the greatest number which exactly divides 45, 135 and 180.

We have to find out HCF of 45, 135, 180 to find greatest number.
Prime factorization of 45 = 3 x 3 x 5
3 45 3 135 2 180
Prime factorization of 135 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 5
Prime factorization of 180 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 3 15 3 45 2 90
Common factors of 45, 135, 180 = 3, 3, 5 5 5 3 15 3 45
Product of common factors = 3, 3, 5 = 45 1 5 5 3 15
SO 5 is greater number 45 1 5 5
45 is greatest number which equally divides 45, 135 and 180 of 40, 50, 60. 1

37
 6. Find the smallest number which is exactly divisible by 40, 50 and 60.

We have to find LCM to find smallest number 2 40, 50 , 60

2 20, 25 , 30
2 10, 25 , 15
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 3 5, 25 , 15
= 600 5 5, 25 , 5
Hence greatest number is 600 5 1, 5 , 1
1, 1 , 1

Review Exercise -2
1. Encircle the correct option.
a. Prime factorization of 12 is __________.
(i) 2 x 2 x 2 (ii)P2 x 2 x 3 (iii) 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (iv) 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
b. LCM of two prime numbers is always equal to their ______.
(i) difference (ii) prime factors (iii) sum (iv)P product
c. The HCF of 10, 20, 30 is_______.
(i)P 10 (ii) 20 (iii) 40 (iv) 60
d. LCM of 15 and 45 is ______.
(i) 15 (ii) 30 (iii)P45 (iv) 60
e. HCF of 15 and 45 is _________.
(i)P 15 (ii) 30 (iii) 45 (iv) 60
2. Find HCF and LCM of the following numbers using prime factorization method:
a. 16,34
Prime factors of 16 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 2 16 2 34
2 8 17 17
Prime factors of 34 = 2 x 17
2 4 1
Product of common factors = 2 2 2
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 x 2 x 17 = 136 1
HCF = Product of common factors = 2
LCM = Product of common factors x product of common
LCM = 2 x 136
LCM = 272

83
 b. 28,30,36
Prime factors of 28 = 2 x 2 x 7
Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 2 28 2 30 2 36
Prime factors of 36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 2 14 3 15 2 18
Product of common factors = 2 7 7 5 5 3 9
1 1 3 3
Product of common factors = 3 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 630
1
HCF = Product of common factors = 2
LCM = Product of common factors x product of common factor
LCM = 630 x 2
LCM = 1260
c. 18,20,32
Prime factors of 18 = 2 x 3 x 3 2 18 2 20 2 30
Prime factors of 20 = 2 x 2 x 5 3 9 2 10 3 15
Prime factors of 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 3 3 5 5 5 5
Product of common factors =2 1 1 1
Product of non common factors = 3 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 90
HCF = Product of common factors = 2
LCM = Product of common factors x product of common factor
LCM = 90 x 2 = 180
LCM = 180
d. 60,70,80
Prime factors of 60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 2 60 2 70 2 80
Prime factors of 70 = 2 x 5 x 7 2 30 5 35 2 40
Prime factors of 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 3 15 7 7 2 20
Product of common factors = 2 x 5 = 10 5 5 1 2 10
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 7 = 168 1 5 5
HCF = Product of common factors = 10
1
LCM = Product of common factors x product of common factor
LCM = 168 x 10 = 1680
LCM = 1680
e. 21,98
Prime factors of 21 = 3 x 7 3 21 2 98
Prime factors of 98 = 2 x 7 x 7 7 7 7 49
Product of common factors =7 1 7 7
Prosuct of non common factors = 3 x 2 x 7 = 42
HCF = Product of common factors = 7
1
LCM = Product of common factors x product of common factor
LCM = 7 x 42 = 294
LCM = 294
39
 3. Find HCF and LCM of the following numbers using division method:
a. 4,9 2
The last divisor 1 is 4 94
HCF of 4, 9 2 4,9
8
HCF = 1 2 2,9
LCM = Product of prime factor 4
1 3 1,9
LCM = 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 4
3 1,3
LCM = 36 4
1,1
0
b. 45,55
1
The last divisor 5 is 45 55 5 45, 55
45
HCF of 45 and 55 4 3 9, 11
HCF = 5 10 45 3 3, 11
40
LCM = Product of prime factor 2 11 1, 11
LCM = 5 x 3 x 3 x 11 5 45 1, 11
45
LCM = 495 0

c. 12,18,38
2
The last divisor 2 is 18 38 2 12, 18, 38
HCF of 18 and 38 36 2 6, 9, 19
Let’s find out HCF of 3rd number 9 3 3, 9, 19
Divide 12 by 2 2 18 3 1, 3, 19
Hence HCF of 12, 18, 38 = 2 18 19 1, 1, 19
6 1, 1, 1
LCM = Product of prime factor 0
2 12
LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 19 12
LCM = 684 0
d. 92,94,98
1
The last divisor 2 is
HCF of 94 and 98 94 98 2 92, 94, 98
Let’s find out HCF of 3rd number 94 2 46, 47, 49
Divide 92 by 2 46 23 7 23, 47, 49
Hence HCF of 92, 94, 98 = 2 2 92 4 94 7 23, 47, 7
LCM = Product of prime factor 8
8 23 23, 47, 1
LCM = 2 x 2 x 7 x 7 x 23 x 47 12 2
14 47 1, 47, 1
LCM = 211876 12 2 4
12 1, 1, 1
0 4
0
04 40
2

e. 6,15,21 1
The last divisor 3 is 15 21
HCF of 15 and 21 15
Let’s find out HCF of 3rd number 2
6 15
Divide 6 by 3
So, HCF of 6, 15, 21 = 3
12
2 2
3 6 3 6
6 6
0 0
4. Find the least number of toffees which can equally be distributed among 16, 24
and 40 children.
2 16, 24, 40
We have to find LCM to find last number.
2 8, 12, 20
LCM = product of all prime factor = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
2 4, 6, 10
LCM = 240 2 2, 3, 5
240 is least number that exactly divides = 16, 24, 40 3 1, 3, 5
5 1, 1, 5
1, 1, 1
5. Find the greatest number which exactly divides 16, 24 and 40.
We have to find HCF to 16, 24, 40 to find greatest number.
Prime factors of 16 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
Prime factors of 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
2 16 2 24 2 40
Prime factors of 40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 2 8 2 12 2 20
Product of common factors = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 2 4 2 6 2 10
HCF = 8 2 2 3 3 5 5
Here 8 is greatest number 1 1 1

4141
 Exercise
3a

1. Solve the following fractions:

1 2 5 1
a) + b) +
14 21 13 26
LCM of 14 and 21 = 2 x 3 x 7 = 42 LCM of 13 and 26 = 13 x 2 = 26
1 1 3 3 5 5 2 10
= x = = x =
14 14 3 42 13 13 2 26
2 2 2 4 10 1 10+1 11
= x = + = =
21 21 2 42 26 26 26 26
3 4 3+4 7
= + = =
42 42 42 42
3 4 7 5
c) + d) +
20 30 8 32
LCM of 20 and 30 = 2 x 2 x 5 x 3 = 60 LCM of 8 and 32 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32
3 3 3 9 7 7 4 28
= x = = x =
20 20 3 60 8 8 4 32
4 4 2 8 28 5 28+5 33
= x = + = =
30 30 2 60 32 32 32 32
9 8 9+8 17 1
= + = = 1
60 60 60 60 32
2 4 1 2
e) 2 + f) +
9 15 6 9
LCM of 9 and 15 = 3 x 3 x 5 = 45 LCM of 6 and 9 = 2 x 3 x 3 = 18
20 20 5 100 1 1 3 3
= x = = x =
9 9 5 45 6 6 3 18
4 4 3 12 2 2 2 4
= x = = x =
15 15 3 45 9 9 2 18
100 12 112 3 4 3+4 7
= + = 100+12 = + = =
45 45 45 45 18 18 18 18
22 2
2
45 45 12
90
22

24
 h) 3 1
–
4 3
LCM of 3 and 4 = 3 x 2 x 2 = 12
3 3 9
x =
4 3 12
1 1 4 4
= x = 5 1 1
3 3 4 12 k) – –
8 4 6
9 4 9-4 5
- = = LCM of 8, 4 and 6 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 45
12 12 12 12
5 5 3 15
15 25 = x =
i) – 8 8 3 24
17 34
1 1 6 6
LCM of 17 and 34 = 17 x 2 = 34 = x =
4 4 6 24
15 2 30
x = 1 1 4 4
17 2 34 = x =
6 6 4 24
30 25 30-25 5 15 6 4
- = = - -
34 34 34 34 24 24 24
j) 2 4 1 15 - 6 - 4
+ + =
3 5 9 24
LCM of 3, 5, 9 = 3 x 3 x 5 = 45 5
=
2 2 15 30 24
= x =
3 3 15 45 l) 1 1 1
+ +
4 4 9 36 2 4 6
= x =
5 5 9 45 LCM of 2, 4, 6 = 2 x 2 x 3 = 12
1 1 5 5 1 1 6 6
= x = = x =
9 9 5 45 2 2 6 12
30 36 5 1 3 3
Now + + x =
45 45 45 4 3 12
30 + 36 + 5 1 1 2 2
= = x =
45 6 6 2 12
71 6 3 2
= + +
45 12 12 12
6 + 3 + 2
=
12
11
=
12

43
 Exercise
3b

Nadeem recited the Holy Quran on Friday for 3 hours and on Saturday for 5
4 8
hours. Find the total time he spent reciting the Holy Quran altogether.

Nadeem recites on Friday = 3 hour

4 2 8, 4
Recites on Saturday = 5 hour 2 4, 2
8
Total time = ? 2 2, 1
Solution : 1
Total time = 3 + 5
4 8
LCM of 4, 8 = 8
1
3 x 2 = 6 Now 6 + 5
4 2 8 8 8 8 11
8
= 6 + 5 = 6 + 5 = 11 3
8 8 8 8
1 3
8

Umair used 1 3 4
metres of red ribbon and 7 metres of blue ribbon to decorate a
2. 8
gift box. Find the total length of the ribbon used.

Umair used red ribbon = 1 3 m = 7 m

4 4
7 2
Blue ribbon = m
8 8 21
16
Total Length of ribbon used = 7 + 7 5
4 8
LCM of 8 and 4 = 8
7 = 7 x 2 = 14
4 4 2 8
Total length = 14 + 7
8 8
21
= 14 + 7 = 8
8
Total used length 2 5
8

44
 Rehan uses 1 of a small sugar bag to make lemonade on Monday. On the next
5
3. day, he uses 35 of another similar bag. How much more sugar does he use on
Tuesday?

Sugar used on Monday = 1

5
Next day = 3
5
Quantity used more on Tuesday = ?
Solution :
Quantity used on Tuesday = 3 - 1
5 5
2
= 3-1 = 5
5
A carpenter made a wooden cupboard by using 11 2 pieces of wood out of 13 1
4. 5 4
pieces. How many pieces of wood are left?

Total wood = 13 1 = 53
4 4
Wood used = 11 2 = 57
5 5
Wood left = ?
Solution :
Wood left = 53 - 57
4 5
LCM of 4, 5 = 5 x 4 = 20
265 228
= 53 x 5 = 20 57 x 4 = 20
4 5 5 4
265 - 228 = 37
Now 265 - 228 = 20 20
20 20
4 3
5. What should be added to 15 to make it 5 ?

Give number = 4
15
Number required = 3
5
Added number = ?
Solution :
Added number = 3 - 4
5 15
45
 3x 3 = 9
5 5 15
Now 9 - 4 = 9 - 4 = 5
15 15 15 15
1
Usman walked for 2 3 km on Sunday and 1 1 km on Monday. Find the total
6. 4
distance he walked in two days.

Usman walked on Sunday = 2 1 km = 7 km

3 3
Usman walked on Monday = 1 1 km = 5 km
4 4
Total walking distance = ?
Solution :
Total distance = 7 + 5
3 4
= 7 x 4 = 28 3
3 4 12
12 43
= 5 x 3 = 15 36
4 3 12 7
= 28 + 15 = 28 + 15
12 12 12
= 43 = 3 7
12 12

Exercise
3c

1. Solve the following and simplify your answer:

2
a) x2
3 1
2 2 2x2 = 4 =1 1 3 4
x = 3
3 1 3x1 3 3
1
2
b) x3
7 2
2 2 3 2x3 = 6 =2
x3= x =
7 3 1 3x1 31
1
c) x5
3
1
1 1 5 1x5 = 5 =1 2 5
x 5= x = 3
3 3 1 3x1 3 3 3
2
64
 3
d) 0 x
7
3 0 3 0x3 = 0 =0
0x = x =
7 1 7 1x7 7
2
e) x5
3 3
2 2 5 2 x 5 = 10 = 3 1 3 10
x5= x =
3 3 1 3x1 3 3 9
1
5
f)
12
5 1 5 x1= 5
x =
12 1 12 x 1 12
1
g) x2
4
1 1 2 2x1 = 2 = 1
x2= x =
4 4 1 4x1 42 2
2
h) x4
8
2 2 4 2x4 = 8 =1
x4= x =
8 8 1 8x1 81
2. Solve the following and represent with the help of diagram:
1
a) x6
3
1 x 6 = 1 x 6 = 62 = 2
6 3 1 3
1
b) x5
2
1 x5= 1 5 5 1
x = =2
2 2 1 2 2
2
c) x5
3
1 x5= 2 5 10 = 3 1
x =
3 3 1 3 3
1
d) x7
4
1 x7= 1 7 7 =1 3
x =
4 4 1 4 4

47
 3
e) x5
5
3 x5=3 x 5 =3
5 5 1
1
f) x7
6
1 x7=7 =1 6
6 6 1
3
g) x6
4 3
3 x6=3 x 6 = 9 =4 1
4 24 1 2 2
5
h) x9
6 3
5 x 9 = 5 x 9 = 15 = 7 1
6 26 1 2 2

Exercise
3d
1. Solve the following and simply your answer.
a) 2 3
x
3 4 1 1
2 x 3 = 2 x 3 =1 x 1 = 1
3 4 13 x 4 2 1 x 2 2
b) 3 x 2 1
19 6
3 x 2 3 = 3 1x 13 = 1 x 13 = 13
19 4 19 6 2 19 x 2 38
c) 4 8
x
8 5
4 x 8 = 4 x 81 = 4 x 1 = 4
8 5 8 x 5 5 5
d) 9 3 5
x x
5 9 4
9 x
3 x 5 = 9 1x 3 x 51 = 3
5 9 4 51x 91x 4 4

84
 e) 3 4 x 5 4
5 5
4 4 551 22 1
3 x 5 = 19 x 29 = =
5 5 5 x 5 25 25
f) 18 x 1 1
19 2
18 1 = 918 3 = 9 x 3 = 27 = 1 8
x1 x
19 2 19 12 19 x 1 19 19
g) 2 3 x 25 x 24
5 3 65
3 25 24 113 255 248
2 x x = x x =8
5 3 65 5 3 65 5
h) 2 2 x 3 4 x2
3
9 5 4 23
2 4 3 420 19 209 2
2 x3 x2 = x x 11 = = 23 9 209
9 5 4 9 5 4 9 9
18
29
27
i) 4 5 4 2
x2 x
3 6 7
4 5 4 2 136
x2 x = 4 x 17 x 4 = =2
10
3 6 7 3 63 7 63 63
j) 1 1 1
9 x 10 x5
9 3 2
1 1 1 4182 31
9 x 10 x5 = x x 11 = 41 x 31 x 11 = 13981 = 517 8
9 3 2 9 3 21 9x3 27 27
k) 58 4 10
x x
60 20 20
29
58 4 10 58 x 24 x 10 29
x x = =
60 20 20 60 x 20 x 20 300
30 10 2

Exercise
3e
1 4
1. A cyclist covers 12 km in one hour. How many kilometres will he cover in 2 hours.
5 5
34
Cyclist covers distance in one hour = 12 1 Km = 61 km 854
5 5 4
Solution : 75
104
854 km = 34 4 km
Covered distance in 2 4 hours = 61 x 14 = 100
5 5 5 25 25 4
49
2. A car covers 80 1 km in one hour. How many kilometres will it cover in 2 1 hours.
2 5
Solution : 177.1
Car covers distance in one hours = 80 1 km = 161 10 1771
10
2 2 77
Car covers distance in 2 1 hour 161 x 11 = 161 x 11 = 1771 = 177.1 70
2 5 2 x 5 10 71
5 70
10
10
0
1
3. One half of a farm is used for growing vegetables of this portion is used for
4
growing potatoes. What fraction of the farm is used for growing potatoes?
Solution :
Fraction of farm is used for = 1 - 1 = 2 - 1 = 1
2 4 4 4
4 3
4. Fatima had of a cake. She ate of it. How much part of the cake did she eat?
5 4
Solution :
LCM of 5 and 4 = 5 x 4 = 20

= 4 - 3 = 16 - 15 = 1
5 4 20 20
part of cake did she eat = 1
20
5. Salma spends 3 of the whole day in school. She learns and practises Mathematics
10
for 3 of the me she spends in the school. How much me of the day does she spend for
7
Mathematics?
Solution :
Salma spend day in school = 3
10
Time for mathematics = 3
7
Time for mathematics = 3 - 3
10 7
LCM of 10, 70 = 10 x 7 = 70 = 3 x 7 = 21 , 3 x 10 = 30 = 30 - 21 = 9
10 7 70 7 10 70 70 70 70
Exercise
3f
1. Solve and write your answer in the simplest (lowest) form.
4 2
a.
7 ¸ 3 2
4 2 4 3
¸ = x =3
7 3 2 2
05
 28 7
b. ¸
5 5
28 7 = 28 4x 5 = 4
¸
5 5 5 7
85 5
c. ¸3
7 4
5 2
85 5 28 17 85 x 4 20 6 20
¸3 = x = = = 2 7
7 4 7 4 7 17 7 7 7 14
3 3 6
d. 2 ¸1
8 4
1
3 3 19 7 19 x 4 19 x 1 19 5 19
2 ¸1 = ¸ = = = =1 14
8 4 8 4 82 7 2 x7 14 14 14
27 1 5
e. ¸2
3 4
27 1 27 9 327 x 4 = 4
¸2 = ¸ =
3 4 3 4 3 91
1
2. Sadia has 3 m long ribbon. She cuts it into five equal parts. Find the
7
length of each part of the ribbon.
Solution :
Length of each part = 22 ¸ 5 = 22 x 1
7 7 5
Length of each part = 27
35
1
3. Afshan can cover 1,240 km of distance in 15 hours. What distance can
2
she cover in one hour?
Solution :
Afshan covers distance in 1 hour = 1240 ¸ 15 1
2
Afshan covers distance in 1 hour = 1240 ¸ 31
2
= 1240 x 2 = 2480 = 80km
1 31 31 3
4. A bucket contains 5 litres of milk. A small jug has the capacity of liters.
4 4
How many jugs of milk can be taken from the bucket?
Solution :
A bucket contains milk = 5 1 = 21 liters
4 4
Jug has the capacity = 3 liters
4 21 3 217 4
How many jugs can be taken from bucket = ¸ = x =7
4 4 4 3
51
 5. Saleem has a rope of length 4 5 metres. He divides the rope into pieces of
8
1
length 1 metres each. How many pieces does he have?
3
Saleem has a rope of length = 4 5 = 37
8 8
Divides the rope into piece of length = 1 1 = 4
3 3
Total pieces =?
Solution :
37 4 37 3
Total pieces = ¸ = x
8 3 8 4
Total pieces = 111 = 3 15
32 32
6. Fa ma buys 9 4 metres of fabric. She wants to make some frocks. If one frock is
4 5
madeby 1 metres of fabric, find how many similar frocks can she make by that fabric.
5
Fatima buys fabric = 9 4 m = 49 m
5 5
5
Fatima buys fabric = 1 4 m = 9 9 49
5 5
45
Total frocks =? 4
Solution :
49 9 49 5
Total frocks = ¸ = x
5 5 5 9
Total frocks = 49 = 5 4
9 9

25
 Review Exercise -3
1. Encircle the correct op on.
3
a. The reciprocal of is:
4
(i)P
4 1 3 1
(ii) (iii) (iv)
3 4 2 3
b. The product of a fraction and its multiplicative inverse is always:
(i) 2 (ii) – 1 (iii) 0 (iv)P 1
c. The only whole number whose reciprocal is the number itself:
(i) 0 (ii)P 1 (iii) 2 (iv) 3
2
d. The sum of 1 and is:
3 5
(i) 3 (ii) 11 (iii) 2 (iv)P11
8 8 15 15
1
e Which of the following shows 3 x ?
2
(i) (ii)
+ + + + +

(iii)P (iv)
+ + + + + +

2. Solve the following:

6 1 3
a. +1 d. 1 x 25
21 7 9
6 8 x 3 = 6 24 = 6 + 24 = 30 3 12 x 25 = 100 = 33 1
+ + 1 x 25 =
21 7 3 21 21 21 21 9 9 3 3
3 4 3 2
b. + +2 e. ¸ 7
4
5 15 30 3 9
2
3
+
4
+2
3 3 4 63
= + + 2 7 14 7 14 9 3 = 6
4 ¸ = ¸ = 1x 1
5 15 30 5 15 30 3 9 3 9 3 7
LCM of 5, 15 30 = 2 x 3 x 5 = 30 1 3
f. x2
4
= 18 + 8 + 63 =
89 = 2 29 3 8
30 30 30 1 3 = 13 19 = 13 X 19
4 x2 X
3 1 3 8 3 8 3X8
c. 5 –5
2 2 =
247 = 1 7
1
3 1 11 18 - 11 = 2 = 1 24 24
5 –5 = =
2 2 2 2 2

53
53
 3. How many days will be there in 4 of a week?
7
Solution :
Total days = 4 x 7 = 4
7
2
4. The length of a rod is 13 m. What will be the length of 14 such rods?
7
2 94
Length of rod = 13 m = m
7 7
Length of road 14 = ?
Solution :
2
Length of 14 rod = 94 x 14 = 188 m
7
1
5. Zainab takes exercise for 1 hours daily. How many hours will she exercise in 45 days?
5
Solution :
9
Total time of exercise in 45 days = 6 x 45
5
Total time of exercise in 45 days = 54hour
6. Sana uses 2 spoon of sugar and 1 spoon of tea to make a cup of tea. Find how much
3 3
more sugar she used than the tea?

Spoon of sugar = 2
3
Spoon of tea =1
3
Sugar difference from tea = ?
Solution :
Difference = 2 - 1
3 3
Difference = 2 - 1 = 1
3 3
1
more sugar she used their tea.
3

45
 Exercise
4a
1. Fill in the blanks with < , > or =.
a. 9.49 c
< 9. 94 b. 1.95 c< 1.50 c. 6.07 c
= 6.07
d. 1.37 c
< 1.27 e. 8.97 c
< 8.79 f. 9.99 c
= 9.99

Exercise
4b
1. Encircle the biggest number and put a cross on the smallest number.
O O
a. 9.04, 9.40, 9.24, 9.12, 9.16 b. 3.68, 3.39, 3.93, 3.08, 3.66
O O
c. 2.30, 2.05, 2.333, 2.30, 2.110 d. 4.01, 4.21, 412, 4.22, 4.10
O
e. 7.30, 7.03, 7.42, 7.44, 7.34
2. Arrange the following numbers in ascending order as well as
descending order.
a. 9.34, 9.36, 8.34, 8.63
Now compare ones, tenth and hundredth place of given numbers.
Ascending order = 8.34, 8.63, 9.34, 9.63 Descending order = 9.63, 9.34, 8.36, 8.34
b. 4.05, 4.50, 4.60, 5.05
Compare all one, tenth and hundredth place of given numbers.
Ascending order = 4.05, 4.50, 4.60, 5.05 Descending order = 5.05, 4.60, 4.50, 4.05
c. 2.53, 3.53, 1.35, 2.35
Compare all one, tenth and hundredth place of given numbers.
Ascending order = 1.35, 2.35, 2.53, 3.53 Descending order = 3.53, 2.53, 2.35, 1.35
d. 4.14, 4.15, 5.15, 3.55
Compare all one, tenth and hundredth place of given numbers.
Ascending order = 3.55, 4.14, 4.15, 5.15 Descending order = 5.15, 4.15, 4.14, 3.55
e. 9.06, 9.66, 9.16, 9.63
Compare all one, tenth and hundredth place of given numbers.
Ascending order = 9.06, 9.16, 9.63, 9.66 Descending order = 9.66, 9.63, 9.16, 9.06
f. 6.87, 6.78, 4.78, 8.75
Compare all one, tens, hundredth and thousands place of given number.
Ascending order = 4.78, 6.78, 6.87, 8.75 Descending order = 8.75, 6.87, 6.78, 4.78

Exercise
4 c

1. Solve the following decimals (as is directed):

55
 a. 7.72 + 4.653 b. 5.204 + 8.326 c. 3.403 + 5.702
1 1 1
4.653 5.204 3.403
+ 7.72 + 8. 326 + 5.702
12.373 13.530 9.105
d. 7.453 – 2.324 e. 9.37 – 2.454 f. 8.342 – 7.8
4 10 6 10 10
8 7
7.453 9. 370 8.342
- 2.324 - 2. 454 - 7.800
5.129 6.916 0.542
g. 3.564 + 0.277 h. 4.025 + 6.238 i. 3.043 + 2.075
1 1 1 1
3.564 4.025 3.043
+ 0.277 + 6.238 + 2.075
3.841 10.263 5.118
j. 7.152 – 0.232 k. 5.342 – 0.213 l. 6.564 – 5.9
10 3 10 10
6 5
7.152 5. 342 6.564
- 0.232 - 0. 213 - 5.900
6.920 5. 129 0.664
2. Kainat bought 12.312 litres of grape juice and 7.804 litres of pomegranate juice.
How much quantity of both juices did she buy?
Grapes juice = 12.312 litres 1 1
Pomegranate juice = 7.804 litres 12.312
+ 7.804
Total juice =?
20.116
Solution :
Total juice = 12.312 + 7.804 = 20.116
3. Umair and Fiaz are two brothers. Umair is 155.729 cm tall while Fiaz is 171.976 cm
tall. Find the difference in their heights.
Height of Umair = 155.729 cm 6 10 6 10
Heigth of Faiz = 171.976 cm 171.976
- 155.729
Different in lenght = ?
16.247
Solution :
Difference in length = 171.976 - 155.729 = 16.247

65
 Exercise
4 d
1. Multiply the following decimals by 10:
a. 9.34 d. 8.67
9.34 = 9.34 x 10 = 93.4 8.67 = 8.67 x 10 = 86.7
b. 48.2 e. 2.22
48.2 = 48.2 x 10 = 482 2.22 = 2.22 x 10 = 22.2
c. 6.78 f. 3.68
6.78 = 6.78 x 10 = 67.8 3.68 = 3.68 x 10 = 36.8
2. Multiply the following decimals by 100:
a. 3.82 c. 7.23
3.82 = 3.82 x 100 = 382 7.23 = 7.2 x 100 = 723
b. 2.72
2.72 = 2.72 x 100 = 272
3. Multiply the following decimals by 1000:
a. 4.83 c. 3.45
4.83 = 4.83 x 1000 = 4830 3.45 = 3.45 x 1000 = 3450
b. 7.22
7.22 = 7.22 x 1000 = 7220
4. A piece of rod is of length 8.32cm. If there are 10 and 1000 such pieces
of rod what will be their total length in cm?
1
Length of road = 8.32 cm 8320
10 pieces of rod = 8.32 x 10 = 83.2 + 83.2
1000 piece of rod = 8.32 x 1000 = 8320 8403.2
Total length =?
Solution :
Total length = 83.2 + 8320
Total length = 8403.2 cm

Exercise
4 e
1. Solve the following:
a. 3.45 x 23 b. 5.31 x 32 c. 3.74 x 12 d. 3.21 x 7 e. 234.11 x 18
f. 625.50 x 25 g. 2.90 x 11 h. 9.24 x 3 i. 11.05 x 21 j. 5.69 x 76

57
 a. 3.45 x 23 b. 5.31 x 32 c. 3.74 x 12 d. 3.21 x 7 e. 234.11 x 18
3.45 5.31 3.74 3.21 234.11
x 23 x 32 x 12 x 7 x 18
1035 1062 748 22.47 197288
609x 1593x 374x 23411x
79.35 169.92 44.88 4213.98
=79.35 =169.92 =44.88 =22.47 =4213.98
f. 625.50 x 25 g. 2.90 x 11 h. 9.24 x13 i. 11.05 x 21 j. 5.69 x 76
625.50 2.90 9.24 11.05 5.69
x 25 x 11 x 3 x 21 x 76
312750 290 27.72 1105 3414
125100x 290x 2210x 3983x
31.90 232.05 432.44
15637.50
=15637.50 =169.92 =27.72 =232.05 =432.44

Exercise
4 f
1. Solve the following:
a. 8.32 x 3.72 b. 4.38 x 4.42

=30.9504 8.32 =19.3596 4.38

x 3.72 x 4.42
1
1664 876
1 1
1
5824x 1752x
2496xx 1752xx
30.9504 19.3596
c. 7.75 x 8.49 d. 7.31 x 2.56
=65.7975 7.75 7.31
=19.7136
x 8.49 x 2.56
1 1
6975 4386
1
3100x 3655x
6200xx 1462xx
65.7975 19.7136

85
e. 4.31 x 2.57 f. 14.35 x 2.76
=11.0767 4.31 14.35
=39.6060
x 2.57 x 2.76
3017 8610
2155x 10045x
862xx 2870xx
11.0767 39.6060

Exercise
4 g
1. Divide the following decimals by 10:
a. 26.51 b. 3.52 c. 28.52
26.51 = 26.51 = 2.651 3.52 = 3.52 = 0.352 28.52 = 28.52 = 2.852
10 10 10
2. Divide the following decimals by 100:
a. 92.31 b. 1.31 c. 32.53
92.31 = 92.31 = 0.9231 1.31 = 1.31 = 0.0131 32.53 = 32.53 = 0.3253
100 100 100
3. Divide the following decimals by 1000:
a. 93.75 b. 7.58 c. 44.43
92.31 = 92.31 = 0.09375 1.31 = 1.31 = 0.00758 32.53 = 32.53 = 0.04443
1000 1000 1000

Exercise
4 h
1. Solve the following:
a. 2.08 ¸ 25 b. 7.62 ¸ 22
0.0832 0.3463
25 2.08 22 7.62
0 0
20 76
0 66
208 102
200 88
80 140
75 132
50 80
= 0.0832 50 Quotient = 0.3463 66
0 Reminder = 14 14
59
 c. 3.93 ¸ 41 d. 6.86 ¸ 18
0.095
= 0.095 41 3.93 = 0.38111 0.38111
0 18 6.86
393 0
369 68
240 54
205 146
35 144
e. 8.88 ¸ 77 20
0.01153 18
= 0.01153 20
77 8.88 18
0
88 2
77
118
77
410 f. 5.75 ¸ 32
385 0.1796875
250 = 0.1796875
231 32 5.75
0
19 57
g. 2.79 ¸ 36 32
255
= 0.0775 0.0775 224
36 2.79 310
0 288
27 220
0 192
279 280
252 256
270 240
252 224
180 160
180 160
0 0
h. 1.26 ¸ 66
= 0.0190 0.0190
66 1.26
0
12
0
126
66
600
596
4
06
 Exercise
4 i
1. Solve the following:
a. 3.25 ¸ 2.5 b. 1.26 ¸ 3.6 0.35 c. 3.36 ¸ 1.4 1.2352
= 325 ¸ 25 = 126 ¸ 36 60 210 = 336 ¸ 14 60 173
100 10 21100 10 100 10 140
13 63 180 24
= 325 x 10 = 126 x 10 30 = 336 x 10 330
100 25 100 3612 100 14 71 280
= 13 = 1.3 = 21 = 0.35 300 = 24 = 1.2352 500
10 60 0 10
420
800
700
d. 3.46 ¸ 2.8 e. 5.69 ¸ 6.9 1000
980
= 346 ¸ 28 1.377 = 569 ¸ 69 0.8246
20
100 10
173
90 173 100 10 90 5690
= 346 x 10 140 = 569 x 10 5520
100 28 330 100 69 1700
280 1380
= 173 = 1.2357 500 = 569 = 0.8246 3200
140 420 690
800 2760
700 4400
1000 4140
980 260
20
f. 3.47 ¸ 4.7
= 347 ¸ 47 1.377
100 10 90 3470
347 10 329
= x 1800
100 47 1410
= 347 = 0.7382 3900
470 3760
1400
940
460

Exercise
4 j
1. Convert the following fractions into decimals:
4 1
a) 0.8 b) 0.25
5 4
5 40 4 10
40 8
0 20
= 0.4 = 0.25 20
0
61
 3 1 1
c) 1 1.75 d) 3 3.125 e) 2 2.0125
4 8 80
4 7 8 25 5 161
4 24 160
30 10 100
= 1.75 28 = 3.125 8 = 2.0125 80
20 20 260
20 16 160
0 40 400
40 400
0 0

Exercise
4 k

A small bag of rice has 2.5 kg of rice in it. The large bag of rice has 4 mes more rice. How
1. much does the large bag have?
If we take out 1.23 kg of rice from the large bag, what is the mass of the remaining rice?
Rice in bag = 2.5kg
4 times of move = 2.5 x 4
rice in other bag = 10
If we take out 1.23kg rice
Remaining rice = ?
Solution:
Remaining rice = 10 – 1.23
= 8.771kg
On his trip to America, Haider bought similar gifts for his 6 friends. If he pays
2. 34.98 dollars for all the gifts, what is the price of 1 gift?

Total price of all 6 gifts = 34.98 deller 5.83

6 34.98
Price of 1 gift =? 30
Solution: 49
48
Price of 1 gift = 24.98 ¸ 6 18
= 5.83 dollar 18
0
Shehla went around the park on her bike 8 times. It took her 34.4 minutes to
3.
complete the 8 rounds. In how many minutes did she complete 1 round?
Time to complete 8 rounds = 34.4 minutes 4.3
round = ? 8 34.4
32
Solution: 24
34.4 24
Time to complete one round =
8 0
= 4.3
62
 Akbar skated for 4.2 hours and covered a distance of 21.84 km. How much distance did
4. he cover in 1 hour?

Distance in 4.2hours = 21.84km

Distance in 1 hours = ?
Solution:
Distance in 1 hours = 21.84 ¸ 4.2
= 2184 ¸ 10
100 42
52
= 2184 ¸ 10
100 42
= 52
10
Distance travel in 1h = 5.2km
Exercise
4 l

1. Round off these to the decimals given to nearest whole number.

a. 6.3 b. 4.7 c. 4.115 d. 71.8
As 3 < 6 As 7 > 5 As 1 < 5 As 8 < 5
Hence Hence Hence Hence
6.3 @ 6 4.7 @ 5 5.115 @ 4 71.8 @ 72
e. 8.01 f. 12.5 g. 85.18 h. 32.5
As 0 < 5 As 5 = 5 As 1 < 5 As 5 = 5
Hence Hence Hence Hence
8.01 @ 8 12.5 @ 13 85.18 @ 85 32.5 @ 33
2. Round off these to the nearest tenth.
a. 7.159 b. 3.333 c. 4.769 d. 8.140
As 5 = 5 As 3 < 5 As 6 > 5 As 4 < 5
Hence Hence Hence Hence
7.159 @ 7.2 3.333 @ 3.3 4.769 @ 4.8 8.140 @ 8.1
e. 2.459 f. 1.111 g. 1.234 h. 4.643
As 5 = 5 As 1 < 5 As 3 < 5 As 4 < 5
Hence Hence Hence Hence
2.429 @ 2.5 1.111 @ 1.1 1.234 @ 1.2 4.643 @ 4.6

36
 3. Round off these to the nearest hundredth.
a. 9.571 b. 4.456 c. 6.784 d. 6.273
As 1 < 5 As 7 > 5 As 4 < 5 As 3 < 5
Hence Hence Hence Hence
9.571 @ 9.57 4.456 @ 4.46 6.784 @ 6.78 6.273 @ 6.27
e. 4.343 f. 4.567 g. 2.222 h. 3.454
As 3 < 5 As 7 > 5 As 2 < 5 As 4 < 5
Hence Hence Hence Hence
4.343 @ 4.34 4.567 @ 4.57 2.222 @ 2.22 3.454 @ 2.45

Exercise
4 m

1. Estimate the sum of the given decimals and verify your answer.
a) 63.4 + 28.9
1 1 1

63.4 @ 63 4 < 5 63 63.4

28.9 @ 98 9 > 5 + 29 + 29.9
92 92.3
63 + 98 = 92
Now we add 63.4 and 29.9 to verify estimated value.
Hence 92.3 is close to 92, so our estimated value is correct.
b) 407.2 + 257.6
1 1

407 @ 407 2 < 5 407.2 407

257.6 @ 258 6 > 5 + 257.6 + 258
664.8 665
407 + 258 = 665
Now we add 407.2 and 256.6 to varify estimated value.
Hence 664.8 is close to 665, So our estimated value is correct.

c) 21.35 + 83.05 1

21.35 @ 21 3 < 5 21 21.35

+ 83 + 83.05
83.05 @ 104.40 0 < 5 104 104.40
Now we add 21.35 and 83.05 to varify estimated value.
Hence 104.40 is close to 104, So our estimated value is correct.

64
 2. Estimate the difference of the given decimals and verify your answer.

a) 23.45 – 18.2
10
123.45
23.45 @ 23 4 < 5
18.2 @ 18 2 < 5 - 18.2
23.18 = 05 5.25
Now we subtract 23.45 and 18.2 to varify estimated value.
2345 – 18.2 = 5.25
5.25 is close to 5, So our estimated value is correct.
b) 15.24 – 11.59
10
15.24 @ 15 15.124
0
10

11.59 @ 11 - 11.59
15.11 = 04
3.534
Now we subtract 15.24 and 11.59 to varify estimated value.
As 3.65 is close to 4, So our estimated value is correct.

c) 544.1 – 41.45
544.1 @ 544 3 0
10
10

41.45 @ 41 544 544.10

544 – 41 = 5 - 41 - 41.45
Now we subtract 544.1 and 41.45 to varify estimated value. 503 502.65
As 502.65 is close to 503, So our estimated value is correct.

Exercise
4 n
1. Write these fractions as the percentage.
27 76 41
a. b. c.
100 100 100
27 76 41
= = 27% = = 76% = = 41%
100 100 100
13 75 80
d. e. f.
100 100 100
13 75 80
= = 13% = = 75% = = 80%
100 100 100
63 31 93 17
g. h. i. j.
100 100 100 100
63 31 93 17
= = 63% = = 31% = = 93% = = 17%
100 100 100 100

56
 Exercise
4 o

1. Convert the given percentages into fractions and decimals:

a. 39% b. 90% c. 13% d. 50%
39 90 13 50 1
= = 0.39 = = 0.9 = = 0.13 = = = 0.5
100 100 100 100 2
e. 19% f. 74%
37
19 74 37
= = 0.19 = = = 0.74
100 10050 50
2. Convert the given fractions into percentage:
1 3 5 17
a. b. c. d.
4 100 20 50
1 25 3 5 5 x 5 17 x 2 34
= x = = 3% = x = =
4 25 100 20 20 x 5 50 x 2 100
25 25
= = 25% = = 25% = 34%
100 100
16 7 3 9
e. f. g. h.
25 10 5 10
16 4 70 3 20 9 x 10 90
= x = = 70% = x = =
25 4 100 5 20 10 x 10 100
64 60
= = 64% = = 60% = 90%
100 100
3. Convert the given decimals into percentage:
a. 0.3 b. 0.49 c. 0.07 d. 9.8

=
3
x
10 = 49 = 49% = 7 = 7% =
98
x
10
10 10 100 100 10 10
= 30 = 30% = 980 = 980%
100 100

e. 1.9 f. 1.09
19 10
= x = 109 = 109%
10 10 100
= 190 = 190%
100

66
 Exercise
4 p

Aiman needs 0.05 litres of glycerine for a project. What percent of the glycerine
1. does she need?

Total glycerine = 0.05 leters

Percentage =?
Solution:
5
Percentage = 0.05 = = 5%
100
A student read 70% of pages of a book. If the total number of the pages is 300,
2. how many pages are left to be read?
Students read books = 70%
Total pages = 300
Left pages =?
Solution:
Read pages = 300 x 70%
70
= 300 x
100
Read page = 210
Left pages = 300 – 210
Left page = 90
Aslam purchased a cabinet for Rs. 8000. He paid 40% of the price in cash and
3. promised to pay the remaining amount after one month. What amount did he
pay in cash and what amount will he pay after one month?

Aslam purchased a cabinet = 8000

Paid cash in percentage = 40%
Cash paid =?
Cash left =?
Solution:
Cash paid = 40% x 8000 = 40 x 8000 = 3200
100
Cash left = 8000 – 3200 = 4800

76
 Review Exercise -4
1. Encircle the correct answer and fill in the blanks, with appropriate answer.
a. ____ is smaller than 45.03.
(i)P 45.01 (ii) 45.03 (iii) 45.3 (iv) 45.8
b. Putting _____ at the right of a decimal does not affect its value.
(i)P 0 (ii) 1 (iii) 10 (iv) 100
c. When we multiply decimal number by 1,000, we move decimal point
3 places to the ______.
(i)P left (ii) up (iii) right (iv) down
d. When we divide a decimal by 10, the decimal point moves ___ points to the left.
(i)P 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 (iv) 4
e. Percentage is a special kind of fraction whose denominator is _____.
(i) 1 (ii) 10 (iii)P100 (iv) 1,000
f. 50% of 200 is _____.
(i) 10 (ii) 25 (iii) 50 (iv)P 100
g. We represent a percentage by the symbol _______.
(i) < (ii) ¸ (iii)P% (iv) >
2. Compare and write the correct symbol (>, < or =).
> 4.08 b. 34.23 ____
a. 4.88 ____ > 62.42 c. 1.94 ____ > 1.99 d. 7.31 ____
> 7.41 e. 0.5 _____
> 0.8
3. Compare and arrange in ascending and descending order.
a. 3.24, 4.35, 1.35
Compare ones, tenth and hundredth of give number.
In ascending order: 1.35, 3.24, 4.32
In descending order: 4.32, 3.24, 1.35
b. 7.54, 7.44, 7.64
Compare ones, tenth and hundredth of give number.
In ascending order: 7.44, 7.54, 7.64
In descending order: 7.64, 7.54, 7.44
c. 6.66, 6.61, 6.69
Compare ones, tenth and hundredth of give number.
In ascending order: 6.61, 6.66, 6.69
In descending order: 6.69, 6.66, 6.61
4. Solve:
a. 2.341 + 7.002 b. 63.23 + 19.47 c. 58.57 + 6.118
1 1 1 1
2.341 63.23 58. 57
+ 7.002 + 19.47 + 6.118
9.343 82.70 64.175
= 9.343 = 82.70 = 64.175

68
 d. 15.21 – 7.209 e. 5.982 – 2.289 f. 6.119 –101.55
10
0 10 10 10
8 7 5 0
15.210 5.982 6.119
- 7.209 - 2.289 - 2.55
8.001 3.693 3.569
= 8.001 = 3.693 = 3.569
5. Solve the following:
a. 3.83 x 10 b. 4.21 x 100 c. 7.77 x 1,000
Solution : Solution : Solution :
= 3.83 x 10 = 4.21 x 100 = 7.77 x 1,000
= 38.3 = 421 = 7770
d. 4.92 x 21 e. 4.41 x 1.22 f. 7.17 x 6.5
Solution : 4.92 Solution : 4.41 Solution : 7.17
= 4.92 x 21 x 21 = 4.41 x 1.22 x 1.22 = 7.17 x 6.5 x 6.5
492 882 3585
= 103.32 = 5.3802 882x = 46.605 4302x
984x 441xx 46.605
103.32 5.3802
6. Solve the following:
a. 7.32 ¸ 10 b. 8.72 ¸ 100
Solution : Solution :
= 7.32 ¸ 10 = 7.32 = 8.72 ¸ 100 = 8.72
10 = 0.0872 100
= 0.732
c. 6.98 ¸ 1,000 d. 3.12 ¸ 1.3
Solution : Solution :
=
6.98 = 3.12 ¸ 13 = 3.12
1000 1.3 24
= 0.00698 312 13 312 10
e. 4.12 ¸ 2.5 = ¸ = x
100 10 100 13
Solution : 24
= = 2.4
= 4.12 ¸ 2.5 = 412 10
250
1.6 48 f. 9.12 ¸ 7.6
250 412 Solution :
250
1620 = 9.12 ¸ 7.6 228
1500 456
1200 912 76 912 10
= ¸ = x
1000 100 10 100 96 38
2000 228 19
2000 = = 1.2
x 190

96
 7. Convert the following fractions into decimals:
4 3 1 2
a. b. c. d.
5 5 4 25
Solution : Solution : Solution : Solution :
0.8 0.6 0.25 0.08
5 40 5 30 4 10 25 200
8
40 30 200
20
0 0 20 0
4 3 2
= = 0.8 = = 0.6 0 = = 0.08
5 5 1 25
= = 0.25
4
8. Estimate the sum and difference of the given numbers.
a. 2.87 + 3.17 b. 6.11 + 2.89
Solution : Solution :
2.87 + 3.17 6.11 + 2.89
2.87 @ 3 6.11 @ 6
3.17 @ 3 6+3=9
3+3=6 Now we and 6.11 ad
Now we add 2.87 and 3.17 to verify 2.89 to verify estimated value
estimated value. So 9.00 is same as 9
6.02 is close to 6, So our estimated value is correct.
So our estimated value is correct.
c. 74.1 + 3.9 d. 9.80 – 8.19
Solution : Solution :
74.1 + 3.9 9.80 - 8.19
74.1 @ 74 9.80 @ 10
3.9 @ 4 8.19 @ 8
74 + 4 = 78 10 - 8 = 2
Now we aNd 74.1 ad 3.9 to verify Now we add 9.80 and 8.19 to
estimated value. verify estimated value.
78.0 is same as 78, 1.61 is closed to 2,
So our estimated value is correct. So our estimated value is correct.

07
 e. 74.92 – 36.02 f. 4.87 – 2.12
74.92 - 36.02 4.87 - 2.12
74.92 @ 75 8.87 @ 5
36.02 @ 36 2.12 @ 2
75-36 = 39 5 -2 = 3
Now we subtract 74.92 and 36.02 Now we subtract 9.80 and 8.19
to verify estimated value. to verify estimated value.
38.9 close to 39 1.61 close to 2
So our estimated value is correct. So our estimated value is correct.
9. In a fabric warehouse, there were 61.5 metres of coloured cloth. If it is cut into equal
pieces of 1.5 metres. Find: a. how many piece of cloth will be obtained.
b. what will be the total length of 18 pieces of cloth of length 1.5 metres
Total length of cloth = 61.5 metres
Total length cut into piece = 1.5 metres
Total pieces of cloth =?
Total length of 18 cloths = ?
61.5
Total pieces of cloths = = 61.5 ¸ 1.5
1.5
615 15
= ¸
10 10
41
616 10
Total = 41 pieces of cloths = x = 41
10 15
10. Out of 8,240 books in central library, 25% are story books, 65% are textbooks and
15% are other books. Find the number of:
a. story books b. textbooks c. other books
Total books = 8240
Story books = 25 %
Test books = 65 %
Other boos = 15 %
5
412 253
a. Story books = 8240 x 25 % = 8240 x
100 2
= 412 x 5 = 2060
13
b. Text books = 8240 x 65 %
412
= 8240 x
65
100 5 1
= 412 x 13 = 5356
c. Other books = 8240 x 15 %
3
= 412 x 3 = 1236
412
= 8240 x 15
100 2

71
 Exercise
5a
1. Convert the following as mentioned:
a. 820mm to cm b. 8420m to km c. 442cm to m
Solution : Solution : Solution :
820 8420 442
= cm = 82cm = m = 8.42km = cm = 4.42m
10 1000 100
d. 98cm to m e. 324cm to mm f. 5.3 cm to mm
Solution : Solution : Solution :
98 = 342 x 10 = 3240mm
= cm = 0.98m = 5.3 x 10 = 53mm
100
g. 42 km to m h. 7.82 m to cm i. 250cm to m
Solution : Solution : Solution :
250
=42 x 1000 = 4200m = 7.82 x 100 = 782cm = cm = 2.5mm
100
2. Zara travelled 34 km 480 m by bus and 72km 234m by car. Find the total distance
she travelled by both bus and car.
1
Solution: Traveled distance by bus = 341km 480m 34km 480m
Traveled distance by car = 72km 234 m + 72km 234m
Total distance = 34km 480m + 72km 234m 106km 714m
= 106km 714m
3. Length of rectangular field is 275m 14cm and its width 210m 12cm. It is
surrounded by a paved path 1.5m wide. Find the length and width of the field
including the path.
Solution: Length of field = 275m 14cm
Width of field = 210m 12cm
Paved path = 1m 50cm
Length and width including = ?
Length including paved path = 275m 14cm + 1m 50cm 276m 64cm
Width including paved path = 210m 12cm + 1m 50cm = 211m 62cm

Exercise
5b
1. Convert the following.
a. 6 hours into minutes b. 180 minutes into hours
Solution: 6 hours Solution: 180 minutes into hours
= 6 x 60 = 180 ¸ 60
= 360 minutes = 3 hours
27
c. 6 hours 40 minutes into minutes. d. 4 minutes 25 seconds into seconds.
Solution: Solution:
= 6 x 60 + 40 = 4 x 60 + 25 sec
= 360 + 40 = 240 + 25
= 400 minutes = 265 seconds
e. 75 minutes into seconds. f. 540 seconds into minutes.
Solution: 1 Solution:
75 60 75
= = 540
60 60 60
15
= 1 15 seconds = 9 minutes
60
g. 780 minutes into hours. h. 900 minutes into minutes.
Solution: 13 Solution: 15
780 78 900 90
= huors 60 6 = huors 6 6
60 60
18 30
= 13 hours 18 = 15 hours 30
0 0

Exercise
5c
1. Convert the following:

a. 1050 days into weeks b. 138 days into weeks

c. 83 weeks into days d. 100 days into weeks
e. 850 days into months f. 150 months into days
g. 35 months into years h. 1000 days into months
i. 40 months into days j. 150 months into years
k. 12 years into months l. 115 weeks into days
m. 11 1 years into months n. 3 years into months
6
2 12

a. 1050 days into weeks b. 138 days into weeks

Solution: 1 day =
1 weeks Solution: 1 day =
1 weeks
150
7 7
1050 day =1050 weeks 138 days = 138 weeks
7 7
= 150 weeks = 19 5 weeks
7

73
 c. 83 weeks into days d. 100 days into weeks
Solution: 83 weeks in to days Solution: 1 days = 1 weeks
7
83 weeks days = 83 x 7 100 days = 100 weeks
7
83 weeks = 581 days 100 days = 14 2 weeks
7
e. 850 days into months f. 150 months into days

Solution: 1 weeks = 1 months Solution: 1 month = 30 days

30
850 days = 850 months 150 months = 150 x 30
30
850 days = 28 10 months 150 months = 4500 days
30

g. 35 months into years h. 1000 days into months

Solution: 1 months = 1 years Solution: 1 months = 1 months

12 30
35 months = 35 years 1000 days = 1000 months
12 30
35 months = 2 11 years 1000 days = 33 10 months
12 30
I. 40 months into days j. 150 months into years

Solution: 1 months = 30 days Solution: 1 months = 1 years

12
40 months = 40 x 30 days 150 days = 150 years
12
40 months = 1200 days = 12 6 years
12
k. 12 years into months l. 115 weeks into days

Solution: 1 years = 12 months Solution: 1 week = 7 days

12 years = 12 x 12 months 115 weeks = 7 x 115 days

12 years = 144 months 115 weeks = 805 days

47
 m. 11 1 years into months n. 3 years into months
6
2 12
Solution: Solution:
= 11 1 years = 23 years =6 3
= 75 years
2 2 12 12
75
1 year = 12 months = years = 75 x 12 months
12 12
= 23 days = 12 x 23 years
6

2 2 = 75 months
= 23 days = 138 months
2
Exercise
5d
1. Solve:
1 Hours Minutes 2 Hours Minutes 3 Hours Minutes Seconds
1
2 30 6 45 8 45 40
+ 3 58 + 4 15 + 7 21 35
5 88 10 60 15 66 75
4 Hours Minutes Seconds 5 Hours Minutes Seconds 6 Hours Minutes Seconds
1 1 1 1
18 45 50 4 4 40
6 40 25 15 00 55 3 5 50
+ 2 30 50 + 10 40 00 + 2 3 60
8 70 75 43 86 05 10 3 50
7 Hours Minutes
10
8 Hours Minutes
10
9 Hours Minutes
10
1 8 5
2 18 9 17 6 27
– 1 35 – 3 55 – 2 46
0 83 5 62 3 81
10 Hours Minutes
10
11 Hours Minutes
10
12 Hours Minutes
10
10
7 4 2
8 38 5 15 49 8 33
– 3 44 – 1 52 – 33 49
4 94 3 63 15 84
13 Hours Minutes 14 Hours Minutes 15 Hours Minutes
4 40 7 25 40 20
– 2 10 – 1 15 – 30 10
2 30 6 10 10 10

75
 Exercise
5e

Solve the following real life problems:

Aslam took 100 minutes to complete his homework. How many hours did he
1.
take to complete his homework?

Solution : 1 minutes = 1 hours

60
100 minutes = 100 hours
60
2
100 minutes = 1 4 3 hours
6
100 minutes = 1 2 hours
3
Tariq studies 5 subjects at home. He spends 50 minutes on Mathematics, 50
minutes on Science, 80 minutes on English, 40 minutes on Urdu and 70 minutes
on Computer science. Find:
2.
(a) how much time does he spend on doing Mathematics and Science
(b) how much time does he spend to study Urdu and English
(c) how much time does he spend to study all the five subjects

Spend time on mathematics = 50 minutes

Science = 50 minutes
English = 80 minutes
Urdu = 40 minutes
Computer Science = 70 minutes
Solution :
Total time spend on mathematics and Science = 50 minutes + 50 min
= 100 minutes
Total time spend on Urdu and English = 80 minutes + 40 min
= 120 minutes
Total time spend on all subject = 50 + 50 + 80 + 40 + 70
= 290 minutes
Haroon is a runner. He ran 15 km marathon in 4 hours. For how many minutes did
3.
he run?
Solution : Time to cover 15 km distance = 4 hour
Time in minutes = 4 x 60 minutes
= 240 minutes
67
 Murad ran in a track race on Tuesday. He finished the race in 420 seconds. How
4.
many minutes did he take to run the race?
Solution : Total time to finished race = 420 seconds
7
Time in minutes = 420 = 7 minutes
60
5. Samreen was on leave for 3 weeks. For how many days was she on leave?
Solution : Samreen was on leave = 3 weaks
Time in days = 3 x 7 days
= 21 days
Mr. Nadeem teaches his class for 45 minutes. If he starts at 3:30 p.m., at what
6.
time does he end?
Solution : Nadeem teach his class = 45 minutes
Start time = 3:30 pm
End time = 3:30 + 45
= 3:75
= 4:15 pm
A train takes 4 hours 45 minutes to reach Lahore from Rawalpindi. While a car, by
7. motorway, takes 3 hours 50 minutes. Find how much more time does the train
take to reach Lahore.
Solution : Time taken by train = 4 h 45 min 3
10

Time taken by car = 3 h 50 min 4 h 45 min

- 3 h 50 min
Time difference =?
0 h 95 min
Time difference = 4 h 45 min - 3h 50 min
Time difference = 95 minutes
Asad is 12 years 9 months old and his sister Fatima is 8 years 11 months old. What
8.
is the difference in their ages?
10
1 10
Solution : Age of Asad = 12 year 9 months 12 y 09 mon
0

Age of Fatima = 8 year 11 months - 8 y 11 mon

Difference of age = 12 year 9 months - 8 year 11 months 3 y 98 mon
= 3 year 98 months

77
 Zara studies from 3:15 p.m. to 4:45 p.m. His sister, Samra studies from 4:30 p.m. to
9.
6:15 p.m. Who studies longer and by how much?

Solution : Zara studies time = 3:15 pm to 4:45 pm = 1h 30 m

Samra studies time = 4:30 pm to 6: 15 pm = 2h 25 m
Time difference = 1 hour 35 minutes
Samra studies longer than Zara

Review Exercise -5
1. Encircle the correct answer and fill in the blanks, where appropriate.
a. There are ____ metres in 1 kilometre.
(i) 10 (ii) 100 (iii) 500 (iv)P 1000
b. To measure ______ hours, minutes and second are used.
(i) Length (ii)P Time (iii) Distance (iv) Area
c. We multiply by _____ for conversion of metre into centimetre.
(i) 10 (ii)P 100 (iii) 1000 (iv) 10000
d. 1 hour = ______.
1
(i) 60 sec (ii) min (iii)P60 min (iv) 120 min
60
e. There are _____ months in a year.
(i) 5 (ii) 6 (iii) 9 (iv)P 12
f. There are _____ days in 10 months.
(i) 15 (ii) 30 (iii) 45 (iv)P 300
g. 1mm can be wri en as:
1
(i) 10 cm (ii)P cm (iii) 100 cm (iv) 1 cm
10 100
h. There are ____ days in 7 weeks.
(i) 7 (ii) 14 (iii) 42 (iv)P 49
i. How many days make one year?
(i) 360 (ii)P 365 (iii) 460 (iv) 465
j. The sum of 4 hours 56 minutes and 3 hours 16 minutes is:
(i) 7 h 56 min (ii) 7 h 12 min (iii)P8 h 12 min (iv) 8 h 56 min
2. Convert the following measures:
a. 12 km = 12000
_______m b. 21 km 103 m = 21103
_______m
c. 132 km = 13000
_______m d. 208 m 24 cm = 20824
_______cm
e. 0.25
25 cm = _______m f. 338
32 cm 18 mm= _______mm
g. 360
6 hours = _______min = _____ seconds
6 90 40
h. 360 min = _______h i. 60
580 min = ______h
j. 3.3 min
198 sec = ____ k. 3840 sec
64 min = ______

87
3. Solve the following:
a. 214 km 312 m + 217 km 100 m b. 7 h 42 min + 9 h 13 min
Solution : 214km 312m Solution : 7 h 42min
217km 100m 9 h 13min
431km 412m 16 h 55min
= 431cm 412 m = 16 h 55 min
c. 15 km 313 m 19cm + 22 km 18 m 35 cm d. 43 min 56sec + 22 min 22 sec
1 1
Solution : 15km 313m 19cm Solution : 43min 56sec
22km 18m 35cm 22min 22sec
37km 331m 54cm 65min 78sec
= 37km 331m 54cm = 65min 78sec
e. 23 years 9 months + 17 years 7 months f. 46 months 15 days + 23 months
Solution : 23years 9 months Solution : 46months 15days
17 years 7 months 23months 00days
41 years 6months 69months 15days
= 41 years 6 months = 69months 15days
g. 86 h 12 min – 78 h 47 min h. 14 km 324m 10 cm – 7 km 12 m 20 cm
Solution : 86hours 12 minutes Solution : 14km 324m 10cm
78 hours 47 minutes 7km 12m 20cm
7 hours 65 minutes 71km 311m 90cm
= 7 hours 65 minutes = 69months 15days
i. 28 weeks 15 days – 15 weeks j. 23 h 35 min 23 sec – 17 h 45 min 50 sec
Solution : 28 weeks 15 days Solution : 23 hours 35 min 23sec
15 weeks 00 days 17 hours 45 min 23sec
13 weeks 15 days 5 hours 89 min 73sec
= 13 weeks 15 days = 69months 15days
4. The lengths of two pipes are 17m 15cm and 13m 18cm respectively.
a. What is the total length of two pipes?
b. What is the difference between their lengths? 10 10
6
Solution: Length of pipes = 17m 15cm 17m 015cm
Length of other pipes = 13m 18cm 13m 18cm
Total length of to pipes = 17m 15cm + 13m 18cm 03m 97cm
= 30m 33cm
Difference = 17m 15cm - 13m 18cm
= 3m 97cm
79
 Exercise
6a

1. Ayesha bought 5 geometry boxes for her students. If the price of one
geometry box is Rs. 120, what is the price of 5 such geometry boxes?

Solution: Price of one geometry box = 120

Price of 5 geometry boxes = 120 x 5 = 600
2. If the price of one ice-cream is Rs. 75. Find the price of 21 such ice-creams.

Solution: Price of one Ice-cream = 75

Price of 21 Ice-creams = 75 x 21 = 1575
3. It the price of one bottle is Rs. 35. What will be the price of 35 such bottles?

Solution: Price of one bottle is = 35

Price of 35 bottles are = 35 x 35 = 1225
4. What will be the price of 7 bicycles of same kinds, if the price of
one bicycle is Rs. 17,590?
Solution: Price of one bicycle is = 17590
Price of 7 bicycles are = 17,590 x 7 = 123,130

Exercise
6b

The cost of 30 chairs of same kind is Rs. 9,360. What the cost of
1.
1 chair?

Solution: Cost of 30 chairs = 9360

312

Cost of one chair = 9360 = 312

30
2. The cost of 10 apples is Rs. 100. What is the cost of 1 apple?
Solution: Cost of 10 apples = 100
100
Cost of 1 apple = = 10
10
3. Haris bought 15kg of apples from a fruit shop for Rs. 1,350. What is the
price of 1kg of apples?
Solution: Price of 15kg apples = 1350 90
1350
Price of 1kg apples = = 90
15
08
 Exercise
6c

1. If 10 oranges cost Rs. 100, how much do 20 oranges cost?

Cost of 10 oranges = 100

Cost of 1 oranges = 100 = 10
10
Cost of 20 oranges = 10 x 20 = 200
2. If a worker paints 6 rooms in 20 days, how many days will it take to
paint 30 rooms?
Worker paints 6 rooms = 20 days
Time to paint 1 rooms = 20
6 5

Time to paint 30 rooms = 20 x 30 = 100 days

6
3. If 6 metres cloth is required to make 3 shirts, how many metres of
cloth will be required to make 20 similar shirts?
Clothes required to make 3 shirt = 6 meters
Clothes required to makes 20 shirts = ?
Solution :
2

Clothes required to make 1 shirt = 6 =

3
Clothes required to make 20 shirt = 20 x 2 = 40 meters

4. If Ali Abbas uses 60 calories in 5 minutes of cycling, how many

calories will he use in 25 minutes of cycling?

Energy consumed in 5min of cycling = 60 calories

Energy consumed in 25min of cycling = ?
Solution :
Energy consumed in 1min of cycling = 60 = 12 calories
5
Energy consumed in 25min of cycling = 25 x 12
= 300 calories

81
 Review Exercise -6
1. Encircle the correct answer.
a. The term ‘unitary’ is derived from the word unit which means:
(i) 0 (ii)P 1 (iii) 10 (iv) 100
b. The price of a book is Rs. 150, The price of 5 such books will be ______.
(i) Rs.550 (ii)P Rs.750 (iii) Rs.1000 (iv) Rs.1500
c. The price of 11 carpets is Rs. 35805. The price of one carpet is:
(i) Rs.2,355 (ii) Rs.3,055 (iii)P Rs.3,255 (iv) Rs.3,855
d. The price of 3 chairs is Rs. 645 the price of 16 chairs is Rs. _______.
(i) Rs. 3,004 (ii) Rs.3,040 (iii) Rs.3,404 (iv)PRs.3,440
2. The price of 6 shirts is Rs. 4800. What is the price of one shirt?
Solution: Price of 6 shirts = 4800

Price of 1 shirt = 4800

6
= 800
3. If the price of 5 washing machines is Rs. 92,465, find the price of:
a. 20 such washing machines b. 29 such washing machines
Solution: Price of 5 washing machines = 92465
18493 18493
18493
Price of 1 washing machines = 924655 20 29
100 00000 166437
Price of 20 washing machines = 18493 x 20 = 369,860 36986x 36976x
369860 532697
Price of 29 washing machines = 18493 x 29 = 536,297
4. If the length of 12 identical logs is 120 m, find the total length of 64 such logs.

Solution: Length of 12 logs = 120 m

Length of 1 log = 120 = 10 m

12
Length of 64 logs = 64 x 10 m
= 640 m

28
 Exercise
7a

1. Identify each angle and write its type under it:

a. b.
210o
o
180
Y Z
D E F
X
Straight angle Reflex angle

Exercise
7b

1. Draw the following angles by using protractor and ruler. Write

the name and type of each angle also:
a. 45o
Solution : Draw a ray QP
Place the protector on ray QP such that its central point ‘O’ lies on Q and mark zero
alighs rays QP. R
o
Read the protector till you reach mark 45
Mark point R with mark 45o
Remove protector and join RQ 45
o

o
PQR = 45 P
Ú

Q
o
b. 60 R
Solution : Above rules of contruction
It's a acute oangle
PQR = 60o 60
o
Ú

Q P
c. 90o
Solution : PQR = 90o R
It is right angle

90o
Q P

83
 d. 220
o
S
Solution : Above steps 220
o
P
220 = 180 + 42
PSQ = 220o Q
Ú

Reflex angle
o
e. 280
A
Solution : 180 + 100
o 280
o
B
ABC = 280
Ú

Reflex angle
C

f. 180o
o
180o
Solution : ABC = 180 Q
Ú

A B
It is straight angle
o
N
g. 120
o
Solution : LMN = 120
Ú

It is obtuse angle 120o

L M
o
h. 140 Z
o
Solution : XYZ = 140
Ú

It is obtuse angle 140

o

X Y
o
i. 70
C
o
Solution : ABC = 70
Ú

It is acute angle
70o
A B
o
j. 90
o
Solution : ABC = 90
Ú

C
It is right angle

90o
A B

48
 Exercise
7c
1. Identify the adjacent, complementary and supplementary angles:

a. b. N c.
M
o
L 60 N
N o
30
o
80
110o
o
O 70o
74

M O L O L M
74+80 = 154 60+30 = 90 90+90 = 180
(Supplementary) (Complementry) (Supplementary)

d. N
e. f.
L
B
P 135 o

o o
65o O
B O 45 o A 90 90

25o N
L M C O A
M
65+25 = 90 135+45 = 180 90+90 = 180
(Complementry) (Supplementary) (Supplementary)

Exercise
7d

1. Calculate the missing angles in the triangles given below:

a. 45⁰ Sum of all angles = 180
x + 45 + 90 = 180
Ðx = ?
= 180 - 90 - 45
= 90 - 45
x = 45o

b. Sum of all angles = 180

70⁰ y + 63 + 70 = 180
Ðy = ? = 180 - 70 - 63
y
= 110 - 63
63⁰ = 47o
85
c. Sum of all angles = 180o
73⁰ x + 73 + 70 = 180
ÐZ = ? = 180 - 70 - 73
70⁰ = 180 - 143
z = 37o

p
d.
84⁰ Sum of all angles = 180
x + 84 + 22 = 180
= 180 - 106
22⁰ Ðp = ? = 74o

Sum of all angles = 180

e. t + 30 + 60 = 180
= 180 - 90
30⁰
= 90o
Ðt = ?

60⁰
t

Exercise
7e

1. Write down the names of each kind of quadrilaterals:

a. b. c. d. f. g.

Rhombus Parallelogram Rectangle Square Trapezium kite

68
 2. Match the column A with the column B.
Column A Column B

a. Kite

b. Rhombus

c. Square

d. Rectangle

e. Parallelogram

f. Trapezium

Exercise
7f
1. Construct the squares of the given lengths using a ruler and a protractor.
a. 3 cm b. 3.5 cm c. 4 cm
3cm C 3.5cm D 4cm C
D D C

3cm 3cm
3.5cm 3.5cm 4cm 4cm
o o
90 90 o o
90 90 o
A 3cm B 90 o
90
A 3.5cm B
A 4cm B
2. Construct the rectangles of the given lengths using a ruler and a protractor.
a. Length 5 cm, Breadth 2 cm

Solution:
1. Draw a line segment AB of measure 5cm F E
2. Construct angle of 90, at point A and B with protector and ruler.
5cm
3. From AF take AD = 2cm C
O
From BE take BC = 2cm 2cm 2cm
4. Join D and C 90
o
90
o

ABCD is rectangle ABCD is required A B

rectangle
87
 Geometry
7

b. Length 6 cm, Breadth 3 cm

F E
6cm
O C
3cm 3cm ABCD is required
o o rectangle
90 90
6cm
c. Length 7 cm, Breadth 4 cm
F E
7cm
D C
4cm 4cm ABCD is required
o o rectangle
90 90
7cm

Exercise
7g
1. Encircle the figures having rotational symmetry. Mark their centre of
rotation as well as order of symmetry.
a. b. c. d.

T
e. f. g. h.

i. j. k. l.

88 88
 2. Encircle the figure having reflective symmetry. Draw their lines of
symmetry as well.

M
a. b. c. d.

e. f. g. h.

i.
H j. k. l.

3. Draw lines of symmetry in the shapes given below:

a. b.
Pentagon square

4. Draw lines of symmetry in the given shapes.

a.

C b.

5. Indicate which shapes have a correct line of symmetry.

C
a. b. P c. P d. P

89
 Exercise
7h
1. Write the names of these figures. Also write the number of faces and
identify the shape of the faces:
a. b. c.

Name of 3-D shape a. Cube b. Pyramid c. Cuboid

Number of faces 6 5 6
Number of edges 12 8 12

2. Identify the nets of cube and colour them:

3. Observe these nets and identify the 3-D solid they are made up of:
a. b. c. d. e.

Cube Pyramid Cube Pyramid

Cuboid

09
 4. Match these objects to their related nets.
a.

b.

c.

5. Which one is not the correct net for a cube:

(i) (ii) (iii)
P

6. Find the order of rotational symmetry of the following shapes

about point marked:

a. b.

order = 2 order = 4

91
 7. Tick (ü) the boxes of shapes that have notational symmetry:

P P
8. Draw lines of symmetry on each shape. Count and write lines of symmetry you see.

a. b. c. d. e.

3 lines 2 lines of symetry 1 line 4 line of symetry 4 line of symetry

9. Write names of these solids and then match them with their nets.
a.

order =2

b.

cuboid

c.

pyramid
29
 10. Identify the following 3-D objects and write the name of each shape.

i. ii. iii.

cylinder sphere cube

iv. v. vi.

cuboid cone pyramid

11. Identify the following shapes and match them with their names:

Cone

Sphere

Cube

Pyramid

Cuboid

Cylinder

93
 Review Exercise -7
1. Encircle the correct op on.
a. Which of the following is an obtuse angle?
(iii)P135
o o o
(i) 36 (ii) 90 (iv) 188
b. Which of these is a reflex angle?
(iv)P 215
o o o o
(i) 49 (ii) 90 (iii) 180
c. When two non-parallel lines meet at a common end point, they form an:
(i) line (ii)P angle (iii) square (iv) triangle
o
d. Supplement of 80 is _____:
(iv)P 100
o o o o
(i) 75 (ii) 80 (iii) 90
e. The order of rotational symmetry of is:
(i) 0 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 (iv)P 4
f. Which of the following is not the net of the cube?
(i)P (ii) (iii) (iv)

g. How many triangular faces does a pyramid have?

(i) 4 (ii)P5 (iii) 6 (iv) 7
h. How many square-faces does a cube have?
(i) 4 (ii) 5 (iii)P6 (iv) 7
2. Construct the angles of the following measures using a protector and ruler.
a. 45o b. 90o c. 65o d. 120o e. 180o f. 240o g. 300o h. 155o i. 205o

C
C C

o o o
45 90 120
A B A B A B
o
180
C A
A B o
300 B
240o C 155o
A B
C A B
C
155o
A B
C

49
3. Write the complements of the given angles.
o o
a. 46 b. 75
Complement of 46o = 90o - 46o Complement of 75o = 90o - 75o
c. 80
o = 44o o = 15o
d. 32
Complement of 46o = 90o - 80o Complement of 75o = 90o - 32o
e. 15
o = 10o = 58o
Complement of 46o = 90o - 15o
= 75o
4. Write the supplements of the given angles.
o o
a. 90 b. 105
Supplement of 90o = 180o - 90o Complement of 105o = 180o - 105o
o
= 90o o
= 75o
c. 85 d. 70
o o o
Supplement of 85 = 180 - 85 Complement of 70o = 180o - 705o
= 95o = 110o
o
e. 135
Supplement of 135o = 180o - 135o
= 45o
5. Identify the adjacent angles.
a. D b. c. d. D e.
D c C C B D
1 C C C
3 2 1 60o b a
A 2 d o
30
B A B D E F A A EF B
A B
ÐABC ,ÐACD ÐABC ,ÐACD ÐAFB ,ÐEFB ÐABC ,ÐADC ÐEBC ,ÐEFD
are adjacent are adjacent are adjacent are adjacent are adjacent
angle angle angle angle angle
6. How many types of triangles are there with respect to their sides and angles?
7. Draw a triangle ABC in which mÐA = 60o, AB = 7cm and mÐB = 25o.
8. Draw the triangle LMN if possible, in which MN = 3.3cm, LM = 5.2cm and mÐLMN = 75o.
9. Construct the squares of the following lengths and write the steps of construction:
a. 3cm b. 5.1cm c. 3.6cm d. 8cm
10. Construct rectangles of the following measures and write the steps of construction.
a. Length = 6cm and width = 3cm b. Length = 4cm and width = 3.4cm
c. Length = 7cm and width = 2.4cm

95
8

Exercise
8a
1. Find the perimeter and area of a square whose length of one side is given
below:
a. 3cm b. 7cm
Solution: Solution:
s = 3cm s = 7cm
Perimeter = 4 x length of side Perimeter of square = 5 x s
= 4 x 3 = 12cm Perimeter of square = 4 x 7
Area of square = s x s = 28 cm
=3x3 Area of square =sxs
Area of square = 9cm2 =7x7
= 49cm2
c. 9cm d. 11cm
Solution: Solution:
s = 9cm s = 11cm
Perimeter of square = 4 x 9 Perimeter of square = 4 x s
= 36 cm Perimeter of square = 4 x 11
Area of square =sxs = 44 cm
=9x9 Area of square =sxs
= 81cm2 = 11 x 11
= 121cm2
e.12cm f. 6.5cm
Solution: Solution:
s = 12cm s = 6.5cm
Perimeter of square = 4 x s Perimeter of square = 4 x s
Perimeter of square = 4 x 12 Perimeter of square = 4 x 6.5
= 48 cm = 26 cm
Area of square =sxs Area of square =sxs
= 12 x 12 = 6.5 x 6.5
= 144cm2 = 42.25cm2
g. 6.4cm h 18cm
Solution : Solution:
s = 6.4cm s = 18cm
Perimeter of square = 4 x s Perimeter of square = 4 x s
Perimeter of square = 4 x 6.4 Perimeter of square = 4 x 18
= 25.6 cm = 72 cm
Area of square =sxs Area of square =sxs
= 6.4 x 6.4 = 18 x 18
= 40.96cm2 = 324cm2
69 96
I. 25cm
Solution:
s = 25cm
Perimeter of square = 4 x s
Perimeter of square = 4 x 25
= 100 cm
Area of square =sxs
= 25 x 25 = 625cm2
2. Find the perimeter and area of the rectangles whose lengths and breadths are:
a. L = 12 cm, B = 8 cm b. L = 7 cm, B = 6 cm
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B) Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B)
P = 2(12 + 8) P = 2(7 + 6)
P = 2 x 20 P = 2 x 13
P = 40cm P = 26cm
Area of square =lxw Area of square =lxw
= 12 x 8 = 96cm2 = 7 x 6 = 42cm2
c. L = 9.5 cm, B = 3.5 cm d. L = 19 cm, B = 12 cm
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B) Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B)
P = 2(9.5 + 3.5) P = 2(19 + 12)
P = 2 x 13 P = 2 x 31
P = 26cm P = 62cm
Area of square =lxw Area of square =lxw
= 9.5 x 3.5 = 19 x 12
2
= 33.25cm = 228cm2
e. L = 13.5 cm, B = 9.5 cm f. L = 3.3 cm, B = 9 cm
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B) Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B)
P = 2(13.5 + 9.5) P = 2(3.3 + 9)
P = 2 x 23 P = 2 x 12.3
P = 46cm P = 24.6cm
Area of square =lxw Area of square =lxw
= 13.5 x 9.5 = 3.3 x 9
= 128.25cm 2
= 29.7cm2
g. L = 27.5 cm, B = 4.5 cm h. L = 27 cm, B = 24 cm
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B) Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B)
P = 2(27.5 + 4.5) P = 2(27 + 24)
P = 2 x 32 P = 2 x 51
P = 64cm P = 102cm
Area of square =lxw Area of square =lxw
= 27.5 x 4.5 = 27 x 24
2
= 123.75cm = 648cm2
97
 i. L = 16.5 cm, B = 3.8 cm j. L = 13.5 m, B = 6.5 m
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B) Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B)
P = 2(16.5 + 3.8) P = 2(13.5 + 6.5)
P = 2 x 20.3 P = 2 x 20
P = 40.6cm P = 40cm
Area of square =lxw Area of square =lxw
= 16.5 x 3.8 = 3.5 x 6.5
= 62.7cm2 = 87.7cm2
k. L = 32 m, B = 16.5 m l. L = 28 m, B = 12.5 m
Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B) Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B)
P = 2(32 + 16.5) P = 2(28 + 12.5)
P = 2 x 48.5 P = 2 x 40.5
P = 97cm P = 81cm
Area of square =lxw Area of square =lxw
= 32 x 16.5 = 28 x 12.5
= 48.5cm2 = 350cm2

Exercise
8b
1. The length of a rectangular playground is 36 m and breadth is 24m. Find the cost of
levelling it at the rate of Rs. 1,125 per square metre. Also find the cost of fencing it at
the rate of Rs. 100 per metre.
Lenght = 36m
Breadth = 24m
Cost of leveling = Rs. 1125
per square meter
Cost of fencing = Rs, 100 pe meter
of pe meter
Area = l x w = 36 x 24
= 864m2
P = 2 ( l+w ) = 2 ( 36 + 24 )
= 120m
Cost of fencing at = 100 x 120
Rate of Rs 100 = 12,000
Cost of leveling at = 1125 x 864
rate of Rs. 1125 = 12,000/-

89
2. Find the cost of flooring a rectangular hall at the rate of Rs. 60 per square metre. The
length and breadth of the hall is 15 metres and 10 metres respec vely.
Length = 15 meters
Breadth = 10meters
Cost of flooring at = ? rate Rs. 60 per square
Solution :
Area = 15 x 10 = 150m2
Cost of flooring at rate or 60 = 150 x 60
per square meters = Rs. 9,000
3. The length of a square-shaped room is 5 metres. Find the cost of flooring it at the rate
of Rs. 800 per square metre.
Solution: Length of square =5m
Cost of flooring =?
Rate of flooring at rate 800 per square meter = ?
Area of square =lxl
=5x5
= 25m
Cost of flooring at rate 800 per square metre = 25 x 800
= 20,000
4. A garden is 48m long and 32m wide. Find the cost of levelling it at the rate of Rs. 60
per square metre. Also find the cost of fencing around it at the rate of Rs. 50 per
metre.
Length of garden = 48m
Width of garden = 32m
Cost of leveling at rate of = ?
Rs. 60 per square meters
Cost of fencing at rate of = ?
Rs. 50 per meter
Solution :
Area = length x width
= 48m x 32m
= 1536m2
Perimeters = 2 ( l+w ) = 2 ( 48 + 32 )
= 160m
Cost of leveling at rate of = 60 x 1536
Rs. 60 per square meter = Rs. 92,160
Cost of fencing at rate of = 50 x 160
Rs. 50 = Rs. 8,000
99
5. The perimeter of a square-shaped swimming pool is 28 m. Find the area of the pool.
Perimeter of square = 28 m
Area of square =?
As we know perimeter = 4 x s
= 28
= 27/4 = 7m
Area of square =sxs
=7x7
= 49m2
6. The perimeter of a rectangular garden is 400 m. If its length is 125m then find the
area of the garden.
Solution: Perimeter of rectangular garden = 400m
Area of garden =?
length = 125m
p =2(l+w)
400 = 2 ( 125 + w )
400 = 125 + w
2
200 = 125 + w
W = 200 - 125 = 75
Area = 125 x 75
= 9375m2
7. Find the cost of laying a carpet in a square-shaped room of side 8 metre at the rate of
Rs. 150 per square metre.
Side =8m
Area of square =?
Area of square =sxs
=8x8
= 64m2
Cost of laying a carpet at rate of Rs. 150 = 64 x 150
= 9600/-

001
 Review Exercise -8
1. Encircle the correct op on.
a. What will be area of a square, if the length of its one side is 1cm?
(i)P 1cm2 (ii) 2cm2 (iii) 3cm2 (iv) 4cm2
b. Formula to find the perimeter of the square is:
P
(i) 4 + length of side (ii) 4 – length of side (iii) 4 x length of side (iv)
4
side
c. If L is the length and W is the width, the perimeter of a rectangle is:
(i)P 2(L + W) (ii) 2L + W (iii) L + 2W (iv) L + W
d. m2, cm2 etc are units of ______:
(i) perimeter (ii) mass (iii)P area (iv) temperature
e. The formula to find area of a square is:
(i)P side x side (ii) 2(side + side) (iii) 2 side length (iv) 4 x side length
f. Formula to find area of a rectangle is:
(i)P L X W (ii) 2 (L + W) (iii) L + 2W (iv) 4L
g. The space occupied by surface of any 2-D shape is known as ______.
(i) perimeter (ii) length (iii) width (iv)Parea
2. Differentiate between the area and perimeter of a shape.

Perimeter Area
Perimeter is the distance around Area in measure of the extent of a two dimensional
a closed figure figure.
3. Find the perimeter and area of the square of the given lengths by using formula:
a. 7cm b. 3.4m
Solution: S = 7cm Solution: A = S x S
A=SxS = 3.4 x 3.4
A = 7 x 7 = 49cm2 = 11.56cm2
Perimeter is the distence = 4 x s =4xS
Around a closed figure = 4 x 7 = 28cm = 4 x 3.4 = 13.6cm
c. 12.3cm d. 11cm e. 5.7m
Solution: S = 12.3cm Solution: S = 11cm Solution: S = 5.7cm
A=SxS A=SxS A=SxS
= 12.3 x 12.3 = 11 x 11 = 5.7 x 5.7
= 151.29cm2 = 121cm2 = 32.49cm2
P =4xS P=4xS P=4xS
= 4 x 12.3 = 4 x 11 = 4 x 5.7
= 49.2cm = 44cm = 22.8cm

101
 4. Find the perimeter and area of the rectangles of the given length and breadths by
using the formula:
a. L = 4cm, B = 3cm b. L = 1.7m, B = 0.3m
Solution: A = l x w Solution: A = l x w
= 4cm x 3cm = 1.7cm x 0.3cm
= 12cm2 = 0.5cm2
P = 2(l + w) P = 2(l + w)
= 2(4 + 3) = 2(1.7 + 0.3)
= 2(7) = 2(2)
= 14cm = 4cm
c. L = 6m, B = 2m d. L = 15cm, B = 8.5cm
Solution: A = l x w Solution: A = l x w
=6x2 = 15cm x 8.5cm
= 12cm2 = 127.5cm2
P = 2(l + w) P = 2(l + w)
= 2(6 + 2) = 2(15 + 8.5)
= 2(8) = 2(23.5)
= 16cm = 47cm
e. L = 10m, B = 4m
Solution: A = l x w
= 10m x 4m
= 40cm2
P = 2(l + w)
= 2(10 + 4)
= 2(14)
= 28cm
5. Find the area of a square whose perimeter is 60cm.
Solution: Perimeter = 60cm
p =4xS
4xS = 60cm
60
S = = 15cm
4
A = 15 x 15 = 225

201
 6. Rehan took a 50cm long ribbon and made a rectangle with it. If the length of the
rectangle is 17cm, find its width.
Solution: P = 2(l + w)
50 = 2(l + w)
50 = l + w
2
= 17 + w
25 - 17 = w
w = 8 cm

7. A garden is 48m long and 32m wide. Find the cost of leveling it at the rate of
Rs. 60 per square meter. Also find the cost fo framing around it at the rate of
Rs. 50 per metre.
Solution:
Length of Garden = 48m
Width of Garden = 32m
Area of Garden = Length x width
= 48 x 32
Area of Garden = 256m2
Perimeter = 2 ( l + w ) = 2 ( 48 + 32 )
= 2 ( 80 ) =160m
Cost of leveling at rate of = 60 x 256
Rs 60 per square meter = ?
= 15,360
Cost of framing around it = 50 x 160
at rate of Rs. 50 per meter = ?
= 8000

103 103
 Exercise
9a

1. Find out the average of the following numbers:

a.200, 300, 250, 260, 210, 0, 280, 108

Average = sum of quantities

Number of quantities

= 200 + 300 + 250 + 260 + 210 + 280 + 108

7
= 1608 = 229.7
7
b.220, 320, 0, 250, 240, 0, 260, 6
Average = sum of quantities
Number of quantities

= 220 + 320 + 250 + 240 + 260 + 6

6
= 1296 = 216
6
c.250, 312, 224, 288, 230, 270, 260, 310, 340
Average = sum of quantities
Number of quantities

= 250 + 312 + 224 + 288 + 230 + 270 + 260 + 310 + 340

9
= 2484 = 276
9
d.125, 145, 80, 124, 102, 144
Average = sum of quantities
Number of quantities

= 125 + 145 + 80 + 124 + 102 + 144

6
= 720 = 120
6

401
e.150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450
Average = sum of quantities
Number of quantities

= 150 + 200 + 250 + 300 + 350 + 400 + 450

7
= 2100 = 300
7

Exercise
9b

1. The following table shows the birthday of 50 children in class:

Days Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

No. of
5 7 2 10 4 13 9
Children
Represent the above information by a bar graph.
Scale
Y On Y-axis:
20
1 big square = 50 Rupees
18
16
14
No . of student

12
10
8
6
4
2

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun X

Name of days

105
 2. The following table shows the family budget of Mahboob:
House Other
Items Food Clothing Education Saving
Rent Expenses

Cost
3500 1000 2000 1500 500 2500
(in Rs.)

Represent the above information by bar graph.

Y

3500
3000
2500
Cost of items

2000
1500
1000
500

food Cloth Education Rent Expenses Saving X

Name of family budget

3. Five children received Eidi as given in the table below:

Names Fatima Ayesha Amina Maryam Sania

Eidi (Rs.) 300 350 400 500 450

Represent the given information by a column graph.

Y

500
450
Amount of Eidi

400
350
300
250
200

Fatima Ayesha Amina Maryam Sania X

Name of Children

601
 4. The following table gives the number of children taking part in
different games in a school:

Games Cricket Football Badminton Table Tennis Tennis

No. of
120 175 90 80 45
Children
Draw a bar graph to represent this data.
Y

175
120
No . of children

90
80
45
35
20

Cricket Football Badminton Tabel Tennis Tennis X

Name of Games

Exercise
9c
1. The following table shows the change in temperature after every 4 hours in a day.
Hours 4 : 00 am 8 : 00 am 12 : 00noon 4 : 00 pm 8 : 00 pm

Temperature (Co) 28 26 34 29 21

Represent the above given temperature of the day on a vertical Bar Graph.
Y
values of temperature (C )
o

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

4:00 8:00 12:00 4:00 8:00 X

Time in hours
107
 2. An NGO collected the funds for flood affected people. The following
table shows the collection of funds for a week:
Days Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Collected
30,000 20,000 25,000 35,000 40,000 60,000 70,000
Funds in Rs.

Construct a Horizontal Bar Graph selecting a suitable scale along Y-axis.

Y
Number of Students (Y axis)

70000
60000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun X

Favourite Subjects (X axis)

3. The following bar graph shows the number of toys sold in a day at a
toy shop. Use the graph to answer the questions.

Y-axis
8

6
Monthly Expenses

0 Car Aeroplane Bus Duck Doll X-axis

Toys Name

a. 8
How many cars were sold? ______
b. Which toy was sold the most? ______
car
801
c. doll
Which toy did the shop sell more doll or duck? ______
d. 8 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 25
How many toys were sold altogether? _________________
4. Read the vertical bar graph given below and answer the following questions:

Y-axis
Scale:
8000 On X-axis: 1 big square = 1 item
7000 On Y-axis: 1 big square = 1000 rupees
6000

5000
Monthly Expenses

4000

3000

2000

1000
U lity Bills

Educa on

Car Petrol

Kitchen

House Cleanliness

Others

0 X-axis

Monthly Used Items by Mrs. Tariq

(a) On which items Mrs. Tariq spends the maximum amount of money?
Others 7000
(b) Make a table of Mrs. Tariq’s monthly expenses.
Items Utility bill Education Car petrol Kitchen House Others
Cleaning
Monthly
2000 1500 5000 3000 6000 70000
expenses

Review Exercise -9
1. Encircle the correct option.
a. Average is also known as _____.
(i) Median (ii)P Mean (iii) Mode (iv) quartile
b. The average of 2, 4, 6 is _______.
(i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 (iv)P 4
c. If the average of some quantities is 9 and their sum is 36. Then the number
of quantities is_____.
(i) 3 (ii)P 4 (iii) 5 (iv) 6
109
 d. _______ is a collection of information.
(i) average (ii) sum (iii)Pdata (iv) product
e. Bar graph is also known as __________.
(i) pie chart (ii) pictograph (iii) line graph (iv)Pcolumn graph
f. On the graph the vertical line is called _______.
(i) x-axis (ii) plane (iii)Py-axis (iv) column
g. On the graph, the horizontal line is called ______.
(i) y-axis (ii)P x-axis (iii) bars (iv) column
h. If a student got 19, 21, 22, 24 and 19 marks in different subjects, his average
marks will be ______.
(i) 19 (ii)P 21 (iii) 22 (iv) 25
i. Sum of values
= _________.
Total number of values
(i) mode (ii)P mean (iii) data (iv) median
2. Marwa recites 9, 11, 12, 10 and 8 chapters of the Holy Quran in 5 days
respectively. Find the average number of chapters recited in one day.
Solution :
Average = 9 + 11 + 12 + 10 + 8
5
= 50
5
Average = 10
3. The runs scored by the students of class 5 in a cricket match are given below:
Students Babar Adil Usman Nadeem Umair Fiaz Riaz
Runs 21 52 54 33 37 47 28
Find average runs made by the students.
Solution :
Average = 21 + 52 + 54 + 33 + 37 + 47 + 28
7
= 272
7
Average = 38.9 @ 40
4. During a zoo visit to the zoo the children saw different number of animals,
the detail of which is given below. Draw the vertical bar graph to represent
this data.
Animals Monkeys Snakes Lions Elephants Cheetas Zebras Giraffes
Number of
animals 8 12 4 2 3 10 6
And also draw its horizontal bar graph.
011
 Y

12

Runs scored
10
8
6
4
2

Monkey Snakes Lions Elephants Cheetas Zebras Giraffes X

Matches

5. The following bar graph represents the runs scored by a player during 5 matches.
Read and interpret the bar graph and answer the questions.
Y
Scale:
100 On X-axis
90 Runs scored by a player in 5 matches.
80 On Y-axis
Runs scored

70 One 10g big square represents 10 runs.

60
50
40
30
20
10

0 Match Match Match Match Match X

1 2 3 4 5
Matches

a. How many runs were scored in match 3?

50
b. How many more runs were scored in match 1 than match 2?

90 - 30 = 60
c. In which match were the least runs scored?
Match 1
d. In which match were the most runs scored?
Match 4
e. How many runs were score in 5 matches altogether?
30 + 90 + 50 + 100 + 70 = 340
f. How many fewer runs were scored in match 3 than in match 5?

70 - 50 = 20

111