School TABUK CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Grade level Grade 9

Teacher Ramon N. Damagon Learning SCIENCE

Area
Detailed Lesson Teaching Dates February 22, 2024 Quarter Third
Plan and time 3:00 – 4:00

Duration of lesson: 1 hour

A. Content The learners demonstrate understanding of the factors that affect

Standard climate, the effect of changing climate, and how to adapt to climate
change.
B. Performance The learners should be able to participate in activities that reduce risks
Standard and lessen effects of climate change
C. Learning Describe certain climatic phenomena that occurs on a global level
Competencies
Write the LC Code
for each
D. Learning The students should be able to:
Objectives 1. Compare and contrast the climate of two different locations,
considering latitude, altitude, and topography as the primary
factors
2. Evaluate the interactions between latitude, altitude, and
topography in shaping regional climate patterns and predicting
different weather conditions.
3. Apply their understanding of climate factors to make informed
decisions about environmental issues and adapt to changing
climate conditions in their local area.
II. CONTENT FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
Teacher’s guide Page 145-148
page
Learner’s material Page 185-191
page
Textbook pages
Additional materials https://www.google.com/search?q=factors+affecting+climate+latitude.
from learning +altitude+and+topography&oq=factors+affecting+climate+latitude.
Resources (LR) +altitude+and+topography&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160l2.21338j0j4&sour
portal ceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
B. Other learning PowerPoint presentation, laptop, smart TV, chalkboard, visual aids
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
Teacher’s Activity Learner’s activity
Preliminary activity
Good morning, class.

Good morning, Sir!

Before we start our lesson, may I ask any

volunteer to lead us a prayer?

Me Sir
Dear Heavenly Father, We pray for the
hardworking students who strive to learn and
grow each day. Bless them with the wisdom to
grasp new concepts, the perseverance to
 overcome challenges, and the compassion to
uplift their peers. May they find joy in their
pursuit of knowledge and be inspired to make a
positive impact in their communities. Amen.

Please arrange and fix your seat and please (Student went back to their proper seat and
go to your designated area before we formally pick some pieces of paper)
start our discussion.

Present Sir!
Now, let us check the attendance. Say present
if you are present.

A. Reviewing the previous lesson or

presenting the new lesson
Miss Kurl, What did we discuss last meeting? Sir we talk about Volcano
Yes and how Volcano forms again? Sir Volcanoes form through the movement of
molten rock, or magma, from beneath the
Earth's surface to the surface.
1. Magma generation
What are the five processes?
2. Magma Ascent
3. Accumulation In Magma Chamber
Very good!
4. Pressure build-Up
5. Eruption

B. Presenting examples /instances for the

new lesson
Before we start our new topic, try to answer
those questions being flashes on the screen.
1. It is the measurement of a location's
distance north or south of the equator,
expressed in degrees. It helps define the
Earth's coordinate system and is used to Sir that is LATITUDE
identify a place's position in relation to the
equator.
2. It refers to the height or elevation of an
object, point, or location above a specific Sir ALTITUDE
reference point, usually the Earth's surface or
sea level. It is commonly measured in units
such as meters or feet.
3. Refers to the surface features of a particular
area, including its elevations, depressions, and
TOPOGRAPHY Sir
the arrangement of natural and artificial
features. It provides a detailed description of
the physical characteristics of the land, such
as hills, valleys, rivers, and other terrain
elements.

C. Discussing new concepts and practicing

New skills #1.
Now can anyone guess what our topic is for Sir I think we will be talking about the different
today? factors that affect Climate

Yes but before we go further let us first try to Climate refers to the long-term patterns of
define what is climate, anyone? weather conditions in a particular region,
including temperature, humidity, precipitation,
wind, and other atmospheric elements. It
represents the average weather conditions over
an extended period, typically 30 years or more,
providing an understanding of the typical
atmospheric conditions in a specific area.

But it say pattern of weather, so what’s the

difference between weather and climate?
Weather refers to the short-term atmospheric
conditions in a specific place at a particular
time, such as temperature, humidity,
precipitation, and wind. On the other hand,
Very good their difference is there long-term climate represents the long-term average of
and short term. these weather patterns over an extended
period.
Now what is the first factor that affect climate?

Latitude is the distance of a location north or

south of the equator, influencing its climate by
determining the angle at which sunlight reaches
the Earth's surface. Areas near the equator
receive more direct sunlight, resulting in
warmer temperatures, while those closer to the
poles experience less direct sunlight and tend
Yes so from the word itself long-term, different
places from the earth receive amount of to be colder.
sunlight due to their location on earth.

So it means that what?

Other places receive more sunlight causing
them to have more warmer temperature and
other places receive less sunlight making the
Yes from the definition itself of climate which is place to have a colder or cooler temperature.
long-term it means that those places will
receive different amount of sunlight over long-
period of time causing them fall under the
factors affecting climate.
Give me some places that are far from the
equator and define their temperature.
Sir we have Australia, UAE Yemen that
experiences warm temperature and on the
other hand or the opposite are Japan, Korea
China Northern China and many more

Aside from their position, what cause some

places on earth to receive less and more Sit the earth Axis is tilted at 23.5degrees
sunlight?

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing

new skills #2
Very good so we’re done to the first factors, Altitude, in the context of climate, refers to the
what about the second one? elevation or height of a location above sea
level. As altitude increases, the atmospheric
pressure and temperature tend to decrease.
This factor influences climate, as areas at
higher altitudes often experience cooler
temperatures compared to lower-lying regions.
So in short, the higher the altitude the lower Sir it has to do with Adiabatic Cooling: As air
the temperature. rises, it expands due to the lower atmospheric
pressure at higher altitudes. When air expands,
it does work against atmospheric pressure,
leading to a decrease in its temperature. This
But how come that those high places has low process is known as adiabatic cooling.
temperature compared to low areas? And Sir we also have Decrease in Atmospheric
Pressure: The atmosphere is composed of
layers of air molecules. At sea level, there are
more air molecules above, creating higher
atmospheric pressure. As you climb in altitude,
there are fewer air molecules above, resulting
in lower atmospheric pressure. Lower pressure
means fewer air molecules, and fewer
molecules mean less heat
Sir we have Baguio who has the coldest
temperature in the Philippines and is
considered as ‘SUMMER CAPITAL OF THE
PHILIPPINES”

We also have Sagada in Mountain Proviince

You were right, so what are the places that and Banaue in Ifugao.
experiences cold temperature?

That’s right class, so base on those given

places; they basically sit more top of the
mountain.

What about the third one? Sir we have the topography, refers to the
physical features of the Earth's surface, such as
 mountains, valleys, and bodies of water. These
features significantly influence local climate
patterns by affecting the movement of air
masses, precipitation, and temperature.
Sir due to its Orographic Effects , Temperature
But how come that topography is one factor Variations and Coastal Influence
that affect climate?
Mountains can obstruct the movement of air
masses, leading to orographic effects. When
What is Orographic Effects? moist air is forced to ascend over a mountain
range, it cools, and the moisture condenses,
resulting in increased precipitation on the
windward side (windward slope). On the
leeward side (rain shadow), the descending air
is dry, leading to reduced rainfall and drier
conditions.

Yes and on the temperature variation elevation

changes associated with topography influence
temperature. Higher elevations generally
experience cooler temperatures compared to
lower elevations. This is because air
temperature decreases with altitude due to
adiabatic cooling as air rises through the
atmosphere.
Coastal Influence Coastal topography, including
And what’s the third one?
the presence of oceans, seas, or large lakes,
can moderate temperatures in nearby areas.
Yes so topography is similar to altitude Water has a higher heat capacity than land, so
because that the elevation increases coastal regions often experience milder and
temperature decreases and causes more stable temperatures than inland areas.
precipitation on wind ward and hotter
temperature on lee ward side.

Sir the wind ward side,

So what part or side of the mountains receives
more precipitation and cooler temperature?
The leeward side
And the opposite is what?

E. Developing mastery (Leads to Formative

Assessment)
True or False

1. As you climb higher in altitude,

atmospheric pressure increases,
leading to warmer temperatures.

2. Locations near the equator receive

more direct sunlight, resulting in warmer
 temperatures, while those near the
poles receive sunlight at a lower angle,
leading to cooler temperatures.

3. The rain shadow effect occurs when

moist air is forced to ascend over a
mountain range, leading to increased
precipitation on the windward side and
drier conditions on the leeward side.

F. Finding Practical applications of

concepts and skills in daily living
Latitude, altitude, and topography have
practical uses in daily life, from planning
outdoor activities and understanding climate
variations to informing land use decisions and
agricultural practices. By considering these
factors, individuals can better adapt to their
environment, mitigate risks, and make
informed choices that support sustainable
living.

G. Generalization and Abstraction of the

Lesson
Latitude, altitude, and topography are pivotal
geographic factors that exert significant
influence on daily life. Latitude, determined by
a location's distance from the equator, governs
broad climate patterns, guiding individuals in
preparing for weather conditions and selecting
appropriate clothing.

For example, tropical regions near the equator

experience consistent warmth, while higher
latitudes witness more pronounced seasonal
variations. This understanding of latitude's
impact extends to agriculture, where it informs
crop selection and cultivation practices tailored
to specific temperature ranges. Additionally,
latitude influences cultural traditions and
societal activities, with celebrations and
customs often tied to seasonal changes
dictated by latitude-dependent climate
patterns. Altitude, referring to elevation above
sea level, complements latitude in shaping
local climates and environmental conditions.

As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure

decreases, leading to cooler temperatures and
thinner air. Individuals engaging in outdoor
activities, such as hiking or skiing, must
consider altitude-related factors like decreased
oxygen levels and temperature changes.
Altitude also plays a crucial role in agriculture,
as higher elevations provide cooler conditions
and distinct growing seasons. Furthermore,
altitude influences urban planning and
infrastructure development, with cities situated
at higher elevations facing unique challenges
related to transportation, water supply, and
construction.

Topography, encompassing surface features

such as mountains, valleys, and coastlines,
adds another layer of complexity to geographic
conditions. These features profoundly
influence local climates, hydrology, and
ecosystems, shaping opportunities for outdoor
recreation and informing land use planning.
For instance, topographic characteristics like
slope and aspect impact soil fertility, drainage,
and sunlight exposure, influencing agricultural
practices and crop suitability. Additionally,
topography guides decisions on urban
development and natural hazard mitigation, as
areas vulnerable to floods, landslides, or
wildfires are identified and managed
accordingly. Understanding the interplay of
latitude, altitude, and topography empowers
individuals to navigate and thrive within
diverse environments, fostering resilience and
sustainability in daily life.
H. Evaluating Learning
 Activity 1: In 1/2 sheet of paper.
Directions:
1. What is the primary reason for the decrease
in temperature with increasing altitude?
A) Increase in atmospheric pressure
B) Adiabatic warming
C) Decrease in atmospheric pressure
D) Increase in humidity
2. Which topographical feature is associated
with the rain shadow effect?
A) Coastal plains
B) Plateaus
C) Valleys
D) Mountain ranges
3. In the context of topography, what is the
primary reason for the milder climate observed
in coastal areas?
A) Higher altitude
B) Proximity to the equator
C) Ocean currents
D) Rain shadow effect
4. Which of the following statements about the
relationship between altitude and air pressure
is correct?
A) Air pressure increases with increasing
altitude.
B) Air pressure decreases with increasing
altitude.
C) Air pressure remains constant at all
altitudes.
D) Air pressure is not influenced by altitude.
I. Additional Activities for application or
remediation
Assignment:
Have an advance reading about the last two
factors that affect climate

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

Ramon N. Damagon Francisca B. Itay

Practice Teacher Subject Teacher