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Storm-Drainage - On Runoff

The document discusses drainage and water supply design standards. It covers topics like determining watershed areas and slopes, classifying sewage types, calculating peak and minimum flows, pipe sizing formulas, and manhole design criteria. Sample problems demonstrate applying concepts like the Rational Method to calculate storm runoff discharge.

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82 views20 pages

Storm-Drainage - On Runoff

The document discusses drainage and water supply design standards. It covers topics like determining watershed areas and slopes, classifying sewage types, calculating peak and minimum flows, pipe sizing formulas, and manhole design criteria. Sample problems demonstrate applying concepts like the Rational Method to calculate storm runoff discharge.

Uploaded by

rosalesapril0214
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Runoff and DrainageDesign 101

LEONARDO C. SAWAL, ASEAN Engr. ACPE, F.PSSE


leosawal0810@gmail.com
Requirement for Drainage Design
Preparation of an effective drainage design begins:
1. Study of a topographic map, map have contour lines and elevations
2. Determine the slope or grade by the vertical distance divided by the
horizontal distance state as a ratio or percentage
3. The region from which the rainfall will drain to a particular channel or
area is referred to as watershed of the area.
4. Determine the location of all natural watercourse.
5. Locate the source of runoff from the drainage courses downstream
6. Research the historical drainage background
7. Understanding basic hydrology and hydraulics
8. Determine the frequency and amount of rainfall vary widely
Classification of Sewage in Residential:
a. First Class Subdivision = 65 to 75 %
b. Medium Class Subdivision = 80%
c. Condominium & Apartments = 90 to 100%

3.2. Commercial/Institutional Wastewater


Type of Establishment Average Wastewater
3.2.1. Office = 1.5 l/s per 1ooo employee
3.2.2. Hotel s & motel = 1 l/s per 100 rooms
3.2.4. Schools = 1 l/s per 100 students
3.2.4 Hospitals = 1 l/s per 100 beds
4. Peak Flow:
The maximum rate of sewage flow is obtained by multiplying the average by
a peak factor (M).

The ratio of maximum to average flow, (M) may be taken from the formula:

M = 5 / P 0.2 (Babbit Formula)

Where:
P = population in thousands

The recommended value of (M) should be more than 5.0 nor less than 1.5.
Minimum flows are calculated in similar manner as the peak flows. The
minimum flow factor is taken for this design standard as the reciprocal of the
peak factor:

Minimum Flow Factor = P 0.2 / 5


6. Minimum Size
300 mm for sewer main
100 mm-150mm for house service connection

7. Hydraulic Design Criteria


The computation for the required pipe sizes should be based on the
Manning’s Equation flow formula.
V = 1 /n R2/3 S1/2
Where:
V = velocity of flow, m/s
(n) = Manning’s roughness coefficient
R = Hydraulic Radius, m
S = Slope, m/m
and (n) is in 0.013 should be used for the concrete, virtrified clay and plastics
sewers.
For sewer flowing full:
Q = AV = A. 1/n R2/3 S1/2
Where: Q = quantity of discharge, cu.m./sec
R =Hydraulic Radius (R = d/4 for full) (R=A/P for irregular)
A=wetted area, P=wetted perimeter
A = pipe area
8. Velocity:
Maximum – 3.0m /sec (full flow)
minimum – 0.6 m/sec (full flow)
9. Manhole:
Location: Manhole should be installed at every junction and at each shape
in sewer shapes, size, grade change in sewer shape, size, grade and direction,
inter-connection and at the end of the line, when possible, manhole should be
located at low spots where surface water can drain into them.
Minimum size manhole is 900 in diameter

Spacing: The maximum spacing for manhole should be:


120 m for pipe 400mm and smaller
150 m for pie 450 mm to 1000mm
250 m for pipe 1100 mm and larger.

10. ELEVATION
All elevation should be reckoned from the MWSS datum
which 12 10.0 meter mean lower and 10.472 below mean
sea level.
Design Standards For Water Supply (MWSS USED)

1. Water Requirements
1.1. Average Daily Demand (ADD)
1.1.1. High Cost Subdivision .. 375 lpcd
1.1.2. Medium Cost Subdivision .. 265 lpcd
1.1.3. Social or Low Cost Subdivision …150 lpcd

1.2. Maximum Demand Factor


1.2.1. Maximum Daily Demand (MDD) … 1.5 * ADD
1.2.2. Maximum Hourly Demand (MHD).. 2.5 * ADD
Manning Formula

In terms of flowrates,
Q = A. V (Darcy’s Equation)
V = 1/n R 2/3 S1/2 (Manning Equation)
where:

Q = flowrate, m3/s
V = m/s
Storm Runoff

Unit Hydrograph Method – Is a valuable tool for estimating runoff


magnitudes of various frequencies
that may occur on a specific stream.

Rational Method

Q = 0.278 C i A

where: Q = peak runoff rate, cu.m/sec


C = runoff coefficient
i = Intensity of rainfall, mm/hr.
A = km square
*0.278 is a conventional factor to make Q in cu.m per sec
Runoff Coefficients for Various
Surfaces
Type of Surface C
Watertight roofs 0.70 – 0.95
Asphaltic Cement Street 0.95 – 0.90
Portland Cement Streets 0.80 – 0.95
Downtown Area 0.70 – 0.85
Neighborhood Area 0.50 – 0.70
Apartment Areas 0.50 – 0.70
Industrial
Light 0.50 – 0.80
Heavy 0.60 – 0.90
Sample Problem
1.Determine the discharge in a given figure using the rational method
and rainfall intensity is 150 mm/hr nd area in kilometer square.

Q = 0.278 C i A

A2= 0.120
(apartment 2)
A1= 0.758
(apartment1)

A3= 0.987
(downtownn
area)

Creek hydro
Solution:

A1= 0.758
(Note the type of lot and refer to C value:

A1 = 0.758 sq.km, c = 0.70

A2 = 0.120 sq.km; c = 0.70

A3= 0.987 sq.km; c = 0.85

From : Q = 0.278 C i A

Q = (0.278* 0.758 *0.70 * 150 ) + (0.278 * 0.120 * 0.70* 150) +(0.278 * 0.987 *
0.85* 150)

Q = _____ cu.m/sec
2. A design the sewer drainage line 1.4 km long is designed based on a storm on a
6 ha property which produced 40 mm per hour . Assume velocity of 0.80 m/s
and c = 0.5.

Solution:
From : Q = AV
Given:
A = 6 ha = _____ sq.Km _____ = A (pipe)* V
i= 40 mm per hour
V= 0.80 m/s _____ = ℼd² / 4 * 0.80
and c = 0.5.

Required: Q=? d =____m

From: Q = 0.278 ciA


Q = _________ cu.m/s

From : Q = AV
3. The rainfall intensity for a certain watershed, 4 ha in area is given as rainfall
intensity of 50mm/hr and c = 0.40. Determine the surface run-off. (CE
board1 1999)

Given:
A = 4 ha = _____ sq.km
i= 50mm/hr
duration = 50 minutes
c = 0.40
Required: Q. in surface area

From: Q= 0.278 CiA

Q = 0.278 (0.40)(50)(_______)

Q = ________ cu.m/sec
4. From the given figure design the proposed
drainage line.
Sanitary line Contour line

Lot 1 Lot 2 Lot 3


11.25 11.25 11.25
sq.m sq.m sq.m
25.00m
MH2
L= 10.5m

15.00m
MH1 Lateral line
Mainline

MH3

Outfall
Solution:
Water Supply: (assumed Low cost)
A. Population Estimates:

No. of Housing Units = ___

Assumed number of residents per housing =8


Design Population ( 3*8) =___________

B. Water Requirements:

1. Domestic Water Demand


Average Demand per Capita per day = ___
Total Ave. daily Demand (ADD) = ______
(pop. * WD)
2. Maximum Daily Demand (MDD) = ______
(1.5*ADD)
B. Water Requirements:

3. Maximum Hourly Demand (MHD) =_________


(2.5*ADD)

4. Commercial Water Demand (CWD) = __________


(10% of ADD)

5. Water Unaccounted for due to leaks =


(15% of ADD)

C. Fire Demand:

Single fire requiring 1 -11.00 liter/sec =___________


D. Design Flow of Distribution System:

Design Flow = Maximum Daily Demand


plus Commercial Water Demand
plus Water Unaccounted for
Plus Fire Demand = ________________

E. Computation of Size of Primary Distribution Main

From : Q = AV

Where: Q = MDD + Fire Demand

V = 3mps (from table-standard)


A= π d^2/4
*Adopted a 150mm diameter for the primary pipe
when computed low than 150mm
Drainage design;

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