Switchgear Building

Panjshir Substation, Panjshir, Afghanistan

DESIGN ANALYSIS REPORT

NARRATIVE CONTENT
Executive Summary
General
Materials
Codes and References
Loads
Dead Loads & Live Loads
Seismic Loads
Foundation Systems
Floor Systems
Procedures for Analysis and Design of Structure
Analysis and Design of Building
Analysis and Design of Frames
Appendix-1: Concrete Frames & Slab Design Analysis Report
Appendix-2: Foundation Design Analysis Report
Executive Summary

Project Title: Switchgear Building, Panjshir, Afghanistan

General

This section describes the structures analysis and design procedures of switchgear building
located in Panjshir. The document contents the characteristics and properties of the projected
materials, magnitude and extent of loads to the structures, types of standards and codes
practiced in this project, criteria and parameters of design, analysis and design of structures,
and design summary. Ultimate state method is employed for concrete structures. The
structural design of this contract will be in accordance with current U.S. design codes
including International Building Codes (IBC), American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-14).

Materials

The materials with the following properties shall be used in this project.

Structural Steel

ASTM A 36 —𝑓𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑝𝑎 (36,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖)

Reinforcing Steel

ASTM A706 —𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑝𝑎 (60,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖)

Concrete RCC

ASTM C 39 and ACI 318 —𝑓𝑐′ = 28 𝑀𝑝𝑎 (4,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖), the minimum specified compressive
strength @ 28 days, and the maximum water-cement ratio of 0.45.

Concrete PCC

ASTM C 39 and ACI 318 —𝑓𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑝𝑎 (3,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖), the minimum specified compressive
strength @ 28 days, and the maximum water-cement ratio of 0.45.

Masonry

ASTM C 90 — Type I, normal weight and moisture control

Grout

ASTM C 476 — with the minimum compressive strength @ 28 days of 14 Mpa (2,000 psi)
and the slump range of 200 mm to 250 mm)
Mortar

ASTM C 270 —Type S with the ultimate compressive strength of 13 Mpa

Codes and References

A summary of the codes and standards which are used in the design of this project are as follows:

IBC 2012: International Building Code

ACI 318M-14: Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete

ACI 530: Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures

ACI 530.1: Specifications for Masonry Structures

ACI 301: Specifications for Structural Concrete Buildings

ASCE 7-10: Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures

UFC 3-301-01: Structural Engineering

UFC 1-200-01: Design: General Building Requirements

UFC 3-310-02A: Structural Design Criteria for Buildings

UFC 3-310-04: Seismic Design for Buildings, USACE

UFC 3-310-05A: Masonry Structural Design for Buildings, USACE

Designing Floor Slabs on Grade, 1992, Ringo& Anderson

Loads

The loads that are considered in analysis and design of these structures include the dead
loads, live loads, snow loads, seismic loads and soil pressure.

Dead Loads& Live Loads

The dead and live loads are determined based on American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE 7-10) recommendations.

Roof Live Loads

Flat or Sloped Roof Live Load is 0.96 kPa (20 psf) - Table 4-1 ASCE7-10.

Snow Loads

Snow load for Panjshir (due to unavailable snow data for Panjshir, in analysis Kabul snow
data has been used) 1.25 𝑘𝑃𝑎[Afghanistan Structural Building Codes]. The “Sloped Roof
Snow Loads, 𝑝𝑠 ” can be calculated based on section 7.4 ASCE 7-10 as follow:
 𝑝𝑠 = 𝐶𝑠 𝑝𝑓

𝑝𝑓 = 0.7𝐶𝑒 𝐶𝑡 𝐼𝑠 𝑝𝑔

The terms are defined as:

Exposure category: D

𝐶𝑒 = 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1.0

𝐶𝑡 = 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1.2

𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1.1

𝐶𝑠 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1.0 (𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)

Therefore, 𝑝𝑓 = 0.7(1.0)(1.2)(1.1)(1.25𝑘𝑃𝑎) = 1.115𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑝𝑠 = 𝑝𝑓 = 1.115𝑘𝑃𝑎

The greater snow load shall be considered for design. In this case, 1.115kPa (118kg/m2).
According to the geographical location of Panjshir is deal with high snow load density. So
consequently, in the design 150 kg/m2 have been used.

Floor Live Loads;

Considering the usage of the floor (switchgear and control building), a floor live load of 6kPa
is assigned.

Roof Dead Loads

The roof dead load can be calculated based on the composition of the roof section. Table
below provides the load calculated details.

Wall Dead Loads

There is two types of walls in this project, exterior wall with 350mm and interior wall with
220mm thickness, respectively.
Exterior wall 1670 kg/m
Interior wall 1370 kg/m
Table 1: Roof Dead Loads

Items Max. Gravity Load (kPa) Min. Gravity Load (kPa)

Metal Decking 0.14 0.05

Framing 0.25 0.15

Insulation 0.10 0.05

Mech./Elec./Plumbing 0.20 0.10

Ceiling Plaster 0.30 0.20

Miscellaneous 0.10 0.00

Total 2.22 0.55

Therefore, superimposed dead load of 1.09kpa (112kg/m2) for roof slabs shall be considered
in design.

Note: This is only superimposed dead load; the self-dead-load is automatically calculated by
the programs.

Seismic Loads

The seismic load for the cast-in-place concrete building based on their location, Panjshir-
Afghanistan (due to unavailable seismic data for Panjshir, so Kabul seismic load data has
been used in analysis), is summarized in the following table.

Table 2: Seismic loads parameters

No. Parameters Magnitude (characteristics)

1 Seismic Design Category III [ASCE 7-10 Table 1-1]

2 Seismic Importance Factor 1.25 [ASCE 7-10 Table 1.5-2]

3 Seismic Site Class D

4 𝑠𝑠 (short period response) 1.46g [For Panjshir, Afghanistan]

5 𝑠1 (1-section period response) 0.84g [For Panjshir, Afghanistan]

6 Seismic Risk Category D [ASCE7-10 Section 11.6.2]

 No. Parameters Magnitude (characteristics)

7 Seismic Resisting System (X- Special Moment Resisting Frame Systems

Direction)

8 Seismic Resisting System (Y- Special Moment Resisting Frame Systems

Direction)

9 Seismic Analytical Procedure Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure

10 Response Modification 8 [Special Moment Resisting Frame]- ASCE 7-10

Coefficient (R) Table 12.2.1

11 Over strength Factor (Ω0 ) 3 [Special Moment Resisting Frame]- ASCE 7-10
Table 12.2.1

12 Deflection Amplification 5 ½ [Special Moment Resisting Frame]- ASCE 7-10

Factor (C𝑑 ) Table 12.2.1

Foundation Systems

The foundation systems consist of spread (single) and combined footing under all columns
for the building. Footing thickness is determined considering one-way shear, two-way shear
(punching shear) and flexure. Allowable soil bearing capacity 89 Kpa instead of Ultimate soil
bearing capacity 266 Kpa shall be used.

Floor Systems

The floor system is considered to be slab-on-beam system. Based on critical bay and loading
condition, the thickness of the slab is selected. A thickness of 15 cm proposed by the architect
is determined to be adequate.

Procedures for Analysis and Design of Structure

The analysis of the structures is done with the finite element method. The seismic analysis, as
mentioned, is done by equivalent lateral force procedure a method permitted by IBC 2015.
For each node of beams and columns, six degrees of freedom are considered. As mentioned
before, ETABS is used for modeling, analysis and design of concrete frames considering that
the frames are special concrete moment frames. Besides, loads calculation is shown that the
wind load is not governing the design for lateral load resisting systems. Instead, seismic loads
govern the design. Since all the buildings are concrete structures, the requirements of ACI,
ASCE 7 and IBC 2015 are considered in design. Moreover, the structures are designed for
both strength and serviceability. Besides strength and serviceability, the drifts are also
checked with the requirements of the associated codes. Table below provides the allowable
drift control.
Table 3: Allowable drift values (Table 12.12-1 of ASCE 7.10)

Occupancy Category
Structure
I or II III IV

Structures, other than masonry shear wall structures, 4 stories 0.025ℎ𝑠𝑥 0.020ℎ𝑠𝑥 0.015ℎ𝑠𝑥
or less with interior walls, partitions, ceilings and exterior
wall systems that have been designed to accommodate the
story drifts.

Masonry cantilever shear wall structures 0.010ℎ𝑠𝑥 0.010ℎ𝑠𝑥 0.010ℎ𝑠𝑥

Other masonry shear wall structures 0.007ℎ𝑠𝑥 0.007ℎ𝑠𝑥 0.007ℎ𝑠𝑥

All other structures 0.020ℎ𝑠𝑥 0.015ℎ𝑠𝑥 0.010ℎ𝑠𝑥

ℎ𝑠𝑥 is the story height below level x

Analysis and Design of Building

The building frames and slabs are analyzed and designed by ETABS. The building footings
are analyzed and designed by SAFE and the structural steel cold form is designed by
SAP2000. The following sections summarize the calculation, analysis and design.

Analysis and Design of Frames

The frames are 3D modeled and the boundary conditions are specified as required. The
frames are considered as “special moment resisting frame”. The loadings are specified as
noted in the loading section mentioned above.