Day 2 Summary Summary: Day 2 Day 2. Task 1: Process reports Process charts are usually ignored by students, therefore, it is the first type of graph we discuss in the writing marathon. The main points are: 1 Grouping steps into stages 2 Identity stages and dividing them into paragraphs 1 Process WRITING TASK 4 ‘You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes. ‘Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. ‘Write at least 150 words. Cement Production Concrete Production Aw, 0%) % 15%) *Gravel = small stones IELTS ZONEIELTS Writing Marathon Describing the first picture The first diagram illustrates the process through which cement is produced. The process begins when the initial raw materials, namely limestone and clay, are crushed using two rotating drums to make a fine powder which is then mixed in a cylindrical mixer. The next stage involves a tube-like rotating heater with a blowtorch mounted at its bottom opening. The mixed powder is fed from the top and simultaneously heated and blended, after which itis transferred to a grinder using a conveyor belt. There, its milled to yield the final cement product which is eventually packed in bags. Note: You can use word phrases in italics in your own process report Structure: The diagram illustrates the process through which is/are produced. Eg. The first diagram illustrates the process through which chocolate is produced. The process begins when is a good phrase to explain the first step. ! Don't be worried about the use of synonyms and paraphrasing in writing a process report. At times, it is okay to write the words as given as not all words (terms) have synonyms. Describing the second picture This cement is used as raw material in the production of conerete in a second, rather simpler process illustrated in the second picture. An initial mixture comprising 15% cement, 10% water, one-quarter sand and half gravel is fed into a rotating concrete mixer where they are stirred until the concrete mix is ready for construction purposes. Overview To sum up, there are five stages in the production of cement. Moreover, cement and a few other simple ingredients are used to produce conerete through a single-stage procedure. Do we have an overview in the process? Yes, we do. It normally goes together with the introduction. Writing an overview is essential if you are aiming for 7.0+ in Writing. IELTS ZONEDay 2 Summary 2 Cycle Process You should spend about 20 minutes on this tas. The dlagram below shows the fe cycle ofthe honey bee. ‘Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. wit alest 10 word SSE. 2 = (a= o woaety a 0 [Nymphs immature form of an insect ‘Moult:shed or lose old feathers, hai or shin to.allow for new growth Sample answer: Introduction + Overview (general info about the chart) The chart illustrates the stages in the life of honey bees. Allin all, this life cycle is comprised of six stages of egg to full maturity, and takes approximately five weeks (34 to 36 weeks to be exact) to complete. Note: It is common to add a general sentence (part overview) to the intro paragraph in process reports Body paragraph one: The first stage is when the female bee lays up to a couple of oval eggs every 72 hours. These eggs hatch between nine and ten days later, and immature bees, called nymphs, emerge which lack the typical bee stripes. Note: Itis important to clearly divide the process into stages (charts usually consist of two or three stages depending on their complexity). Being able to identify and show these separate stages is a sign of a band 7 candidate. IELTS"ZONEIELTS Writing Marathon Body paragraph two: Over the next 3 weeks nymphs experience three mouiting stages, that is, they shed their skin to allow further growth to occur: the first moulting happening five days after the eggs hatch, a week after which the second one takes place. Nine days later, nymphs moult for a third time and young adult honey bees emerge, identified by their horizontally striped backs. These take for more days to mature into larger adult bees whose backs are marked with bolder and darker stripes, and the cycle starts over again*. *Note: It is important to mention this phrase or chunk of the sentence when you are dealing with a cycle process! 3 Process Keynote: 1 You should divide the process into separate stages which would include these steps; 2 Being able to divide the process into stages tells the examiner that you are a high-level candidate. Sample answer: The diagram illustrates different stages in the process of manufacturing bricks from the digging step to delivery. At the beginning of the process, clay is dug from the ground. Then the clay is put through a metal grid, and it passes onto a roller where it is mixed with sand and water. After that, the clay can be shaped into bricks in two ways: either itis put in a mould, or a wire cutter is used. At the fourth stage in the process, the clay bricks are placed in a drying oven for one to two days. Next, the bricks are heated in a kiln at a moderate temperature (200-900 degrees Celsius) and then at a high temperature (up to 1300 degrees Celsius), before spending two to three days in a cooling chamber. Finally, the finished bricks are packaged and delivered to be sold in the market. Tips on process: 1 all the steps/stages need to be described (preferably in the correct order); 2 no need to write a separate paragraph for the overview (it could be added to the intro as it is shorter); 3 _using passive voice (in present tense) is important, especially for man-made process charts; 4 it is also important to use sequencing words (firstly, after which, then, following this, finally, etc.) to give the correct order; 5 if there are alternative stages, let the reader know you understand it by clearly describing them. tt IELTS ZONEDay 2 Summary 4 Advanced chart | A MORE ADVANCED CHART ‘The diagram blow ilstraes how fossils were exposed beneath a cif asa result of coastal ercsion Summarse the information by selecting dnd reporting the mai features, and make comparisons where relevant Sample answer: The diagram shows the changes that took place in a cliff face as a result of coastal erosion, and how this led to the discovery of fossils. At one time, the cliff stood much further out and, at low tide, the sea water did not touch the base of the rock. Conversely, at high tide, the waves sometimes reached half-way up the cliff wall, beating on it with some force. Eventually, the power of these waves loosened and wore away the rock. This meant that stones and boulders fell into the sea, and the cliff slowly retreated, exposing previously buried rock at low tide. As the waves hit the lower part of the cliff more frequently, this area eroded more quickly and became a hollow in the cliff wall where fossils could be found. Meanwhile, the overhanging cliff at the top cracked, creating dangerous area beneath it. Clearly, the fossils would remained buried and the coastline unchanged if it had not been for the action of the sea. Participle Clauses (Grammar) We use participle clauses to express consequences; What is the subject of verb + ing (beating, exposing and creating)? Beating - waves (subject) Exposing - the whole process (subject) Creating - the whole process (subject) What did you notice about the punctuation? The whole clause (participle clause) is separated by a comma. IELTS"ZONE