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DYNAMIC BRAKING OF DC MOTOR 184 Final

The document discusses dynamic braking of DC motors which involves connecting a braking resistor across the armature to dissipate the electrical energy generated during deceleration. It describes the working principle where the motor acts as a generator to produce reverse torque for braking. The advantages of dynamic braking over friction braking are also provided.

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Muhammad Qamar
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178 views5 pages

DYNAMIC BRAKING OF DC MOTOR 184 Final

The document discusses dynamic braking of DC motors which involves connecting a braking resistor across the armature to dissipate the electrical energy generated during deceleration. It describes the working principle where the motor acts as a generator to produce reverse torque for braking. The advantages of dynamic braking over friction braking are also provided.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Qamar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION LAB

Complex Engineeing problem(CEP) proposal

Muhammad Qamar 21-EE-184 section: D

Title: DYNAMIC BRAKING OF DC MOTOR

INTRODUCTION:

In Dynamic Braking, a braking resistor Rb is connected across the armature as soon as the DC
motor is disconnected from the supply mains. The motor now works as a generator, producing the
braking torque. For the braking operation in Dynamic Braking, the motor is connected in two
ways. Firstly, the separately excited or shunt motor can be connected either as a separately excited
generator, where the flux is kept constant. The second way is that it can be connected to a
selfexcited shunt generator, with the field winding in parallel with the armature. The connection
diagram of Dynamic Braking of separately excited DC motor is shown below:

because an external braking resistance Rb is connected across the armature terminals for electric
braking. During electric braking, the kinetic energy stored in the rotating parts of the machine and
the connected load is converted into electric energy, when the motor is working as a generator.
The energy is dissipated as heat in the braking resistance Rb and armature circuit resistance Ra.
ELECTRIC BRAKING AND ITS TYPES:

In electric braking, the kinetic energy of the moving parts of the motor is converted into electrical
energy which is either dissipated in a resistor or returned to the supply source.

The electric braking of a DC motor is of three types.

(i) Rheostatic or dynamic braking (ii)


Plugging or reverse current braking
(iii) Regenerative breaking.

DYNAMIC BRAKING OF DC MOTOR:

Dynamic braking / Rheostatic braking, involves converting the mechanical energy of the rotating
motor into electrical energy and then dissipating or redirecting it. In this case, a braking resistor is
used to dissipate the electrical energy generated by the motor during deceleration.

During, the motor's electrical connections are modified to include the braking resistor in series
with the armature circuit. As the motor decelerates, the rotational energy is converted into
electrical energy, which flows through the armature circuit. However, instead of feeding this
energy back into the power supply or utilizing it elsewhere, the energy is directed through the
braking resistor.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

When you detach electric motors from their power supplies, they generally have no problem
stopping. However, for a large motor, stopping will take longer.

Here’s why. A large motor has a high amount of rotating inertia, as the stored energy must be
dissolved through wind friction. However, with a dynamic brake, you can improve this situation
by making the motor operate like a generator.

As we mentioned earlier, when the rotor acts like a generator, the torque is reversed. In this
situation, a dynamic brake will force the torque that is going opposite of the rotation path to go on
the shaft. This will help your device to come to a rapid stop.

Also, during this process, the energy that has been stored in your motor will dissipate as a result
of the resistance of the braking process.
This process of dynamic braking comes in handy for applications such as conveyor belts, pumps,
centrifuges, and fans. It is also helpful for trolleybuses, electric automobiles, and electric trams.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DYNAMIC BRAKING:

ADVANTAGES OF DYNAMIC BRAKING RESISTORS OVER FRICTION BRAKING:

• Lower wear of components.


• Control motor voltage within safe levels.
• Faster braking of AC and DC motors.

DISADVANTAGE OF DYNAMIC BRAKING:

• It does not provide holding torque at the end of the braking period. Hence, where it
required a mechanical brake must be used to hold the shaft.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

• 3× 10k ohms variable Resistors

• 1 DPDT SWITCH

• 1 12V DC MOTOR
• 1 FAN

• 1 12V POWER SUPPLY

• Pair of Connection Wires


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Conclusion:

Dynamic braking and speed control are both important techniques for controlling the motion of a
DC motor. Dynamic braking can be particularly useful for stopping a machine quickly and safely,
while speed control can be used to adjust the machine's speed to match the needs of the application.
Both techniques require careful consideration of the motor's characteristics and the needs of the
application to achieve optimal performance.

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