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CHAP1a - April 25, 2024

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33 views13 pages

CHAP1a - April 25, 2024

Uploaded by

Danilyn Joy Aquino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Signal Processing

Neon S. de Jesus
Digital Signal Processing

Prerequisite
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Probability and
Stat
Required Software
MATLAB, SCILAB, OCTAVE, etc.
Course Objectives
Study the different representation of signals
Signal analysis and signal operation
Design filter
Text
Digital Signal Processing – Proakis and Manolakis
Signals and Systems – Haykin and van Veen
Signals and Systems – Oppenheim and Willsky

de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing

Chapter 1- Introduction

 Signals, Systems and Signal Processing.

 Classification of Signals.
 Concept of Frequency in Continuous-
Time & Discrete-Time Signals.
 Analog to Digital & Digital to Analog
Conversion.

de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
1.1. Signals, Systems and Signal Processing

Signal is defined as any physical quantity that varies with independent


variables.
Function of one or more variables that conveys information on the
nature of a physical phenomenon .For Example, the functions

S1(t) = 5t or S2(t) = 20t2 one variable

S(x,y) = 3x+4xy+6x2 two variables x and y


N

Speech signal  A (t ) sin(2F (t )   (t ))


i 1
i i i

Frequency Phase
Amplitude

de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
1.1. Signals, Systems and Signal Processing

System, is defined as a physical device that performs an operation on a


signal.

Basic elements of a digital signal processing system:

Analog input Analog output


signal signal
Digital Signal
A/D Converter D/A Converter
Processing

Digital input Digital output


signal signal
de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
1.2. Classification of Signals

1.2.1. Multi-channel & Multidimensional Signals:


A signal is described by a function of one or more independent variables. The
value of function can be REAL-VALUED Scalar, a COMPLEX-VALUED, or a
VECTOR. Vector Signal
Complex-Valued Signal
Real-Valued Signal  s1 (t ) 
s2 (t )  Ae j 3t  A cos 3t  j sin 3t S3 (t )   s2 (t )
 
s1 (t )  A sin 3t  s3 (t ) 

Multi-channel Signals
A signal can be generated by a single source (1-channel) or multiple source (M-
channel). Vector of signals is a multi-channel. ECG (Electrocardiogram) often used
3-channel and 12-channel.
de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
1.2. Classification of Signals

1.2.1. Multi-channel & Multidimensional Signals:


Multi-dimensional Signals
• If the signal is a function of a single independent variable, the signal called
a one-dimensional signal.
• On the other hand , a signal called M-dimensional if its value is a function
of M independent variables.
• The gray picture is an example of a 2-dimensional signal, the brightness or the
intensity I(x,y) at each point is a function of 2 independent variables.

• The black & white TV picture represented as I(x,y,t) “3-Dimensional” since


the brightness is a function of time.
 I r ( x, y , t ) 
I ( x, y, t )   I g ( x, y, t )
• The color TV picture has 3 intensity
functions Ir(x,y,t), Ig(x,y,t) and Ib(x,y,t).
 I b ( x, y, t ) 
de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
1.2. Classification of Signals

1.2.2. Continuous-Time versus Discrete-Time Signals:


Continuous-Time or analog signal are defined for every value of time.
x1 (t )  cos t are examples of x(t)
t
x2 (t )  e analog signals

 Analog Signal 0 t
• Continuous in time or discrete in time.
• Amplitude may take on any value in
the continuous range of (-∞, ∞).

Analog Processing
• Differentiation, Integration, Filtering,
Amplification.
• Implemented via passive or active
electronic circuitry.
de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
1.2. Classification of Signals

1.2.2. Continuous-Time versus Discrete-Time Signals:


Discrete-Time signals are defined only at certain specific value of time.
• Only defined for certain time instances.
• Can be obtained from analog signals via sampling.

x(n) Defined

The function provide an


example of a discrete- -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 n
time signal.
Undefined
de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
1.2. Classification of Signals

1.2.3. Continuous-Valued versus Discrete-Valued Signals:


The values of a CT or DT Signal can be continuous or discrete.
If a signal takes on all possible values of a finite or an infinite range, it is
CONTINUOUS-VALUED Signal.
If the signal takes on values from a finite set of possible values, it is
DISCRETE-VALUED Signal. Also called Digital Signal because of the discrete
values.

x(n)

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 n

Digital Signal with 4 different amplitude values


de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
1.2. Classification of Signals

1.2.4. Deterministic versus Random Signals:

Deterministic Signal
Any signal whose past, present and future values are
precisely known without any uncertainty

Random Signal
A signal in which cannot be approximated by a formula to a
reasonable degree of accuracy (i.e. noise).

de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
Exercise

Classify the following signal according to 1) No. of source 2) No. of


independent variable 3) time 4) value 5) signal model
Closing Price of the Philippine Stock Exchange
Volume of Raindrops every month at Quezon City
Weight of a child
No. of Pencil Sold at National Bookstore in Cubao and Mla.
Noise Signal in amplifier

de Jesus 2011
Digital Signal Processing
1 Introduction
Homework

Give 1 example of a system’s block diagram and explain the function


each block

Research on the advantage and disadvantages of DSP over ASP.

de Jesus 2011

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