t.

me/vedantumath1
Differentiation
 Concept of Derivative

y = f(x)
A
Slope of the tangent
at A is the derivative
Definition

Derivative of Slope of tangent at

y = f(x) at point A = point A on the curve
 Notation of Derivative
Slope of tangent of the curve at x = x0
dy
is denoted as OR f ′(x0)
dx x = x0

y = f(x)
A

x0
 Derivative of some standard
functions

Derivative of algebraic functions

d n
1. x =
dx
d
Eg 1 : (x3) =
dx

Eg 2 : d 1 =
dx x
 Derivative of some standard
functions

Derivative of algebraic functions

d n
1. x = n xn–1
dx
x∈ R , n∈ R , x > 0

d
Eg 1 : (x3) = 3x2
dx

1 d –1
Eg 2 : d = (x–1) = –x–2 = 2
dx x dx x
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of Exponential and
logarithmic function
d
2. (ex) =
dx
d
3. (ax) =
dx
d (ln |x|)
4. =
dx
d (log |x|)
5. a =
dx
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of Exponential and
logarithmic function
d
2. (ex) = ex
dx
d
3. (ax) = ax ln a
dx
d (ln |x|) 1
4. = x
dx
d (log |x|) 1
5. a = loga e
dx x
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of
Trigonometric functions
d
6. (sin x) = cos x
dx
d
7. (cos x) = –sin x
dx
d 2
8. (tan x) = sec x
dx
d
9. (cot x) = –cosec2x
dx
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of
Trigonometric functions
d
10. (sec x) = sec x ⋅ tan x
dx
d
11. dx (cosec x) = –cosec x ⋅ cot x
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of inverse
trigonometric functions
d 1
12. (sin–1 x) =
dx √(1 – x2)
d –1
13. (cos–1 x) =
dx √(1 – x2)
d 1
14. (tan–1 x) =
dx 1 + x2
Derivative of some standard
functions
Derivative of inverse
trigonometric functions

d –1
15. (cot–1 x) =
dx 1 + x2
d 1
16. –1
(sec x) =
dx ⎟ x⎟√ (x2– 1)
d –1
17. dx (cosec–1 x) =
⎟ x⎟√ (x2– 1)
 DIFFERENTIATION BY
TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

Function Substitution
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)
Theorems on Derivatives
 Theorems on Derivatives

d d d
1. { f(x) ± g(x) } = f(x) ± g(x)
dx dx dx

e.g d (sin x – cos x) d d

= (sin x) − (cos x)
dx dx dx

= cos x + sin x
d d d
(x + x2) = (x) + (x2) = 1 + 2x
dx dx dx

d d
2. (k f(x)) = k f(x)
dx dx
e.g d
(2 ex) = 2
d
(ex) = (2 ex)
dx dx
Practice Questions
Practice Questions
Q1. Differentiate the following
functions w.r.t. x
x4 – 2 sin x + 3 cos x
Q1. Differentiate the following
functions w.r.t. x
x4 – 2 sin x + 3 cos x
Q1. Differentiate the following
functions w.r.t. x
x4 – 2 sin x + 3 cos x
Solution :

Differentiate w.r.t.
x
dy d d d
= x – 2
4 sin x + 3 cos x
dx dx dx dx
= 4x3 – 2 cos x + 3 (– sin x)

dy
= 4x3 – 2 cos x – 3 (sin x)
dx
Q2. ex log a + ea log x + ea log a
Q2. ex log a + ea log x + ea log a
Q2. ex log a + ea log x + ea log a
Solution :

y = e x log a + e a log x + e a log a

y = a x+ x a + a a
Differentiating w.r.t. x,
dy d d d
x
a + a
x + (a a)
=
dx dx dx dx
= a x log a + ax a – 1 + 0

dy
= a x log a + ax a – 1
dx

e B log = AB
A
 2 5 7
Q3. If y = x –
9 x + 6x3 – x,
3 7
dy
find at x = 1
dx
 2 5 7
Q3. If y = x –
9 x + 6x3 – x,
3 7
dy
find at x = 1
dx
 2 5 7
Q3. If y = x –
9 x + 6x3 – x,
3 7
dy
find at x = 1
dx
Solution :
2 9 5 7
y = x – x + 6x3 – x
3 7
Differentiating w.r.t.
x,
dy 2 d 9 5
= x –
dx 3 dx 7
d 7 d 3 d
= x +6 x – x
dx dx dx
dy 2 d 9 5 d 7
= x – x
dx 3 dx 7 dx
d 3 d
+6 x – x
dx dx
Solution :

dy 2 5
= (9x8) – (7x6) + 6 (3x2) – 1
dx 3 7
dy
= 6x8 – 5x6 + 18x2 – 1
dx
at x = 1
dy
= 6(1)8 – 5(1)6 + 18(1)2 – 1
dx
= 6 – 5 + 18 – 1
dy
= 18
dx
Q4. Find for the following
function
Q4. Find for the following
function
Q4. Find for the following
function
Solution :
Q5. Find the derivative of function
y = 1 + x + x2 + …..+ x50 at x = 1.
Q5. Find the derivative of function
y = 1 + x + x2 + …..+ x50 at x = 1.
Q5. Find the derivative of function
y = 1 + x + x2 + …..+ x50 at x = 1.
Solution :
Q6.
then f’(1) is equal to

B 100

C Does not exist

D 0
Q6.
then f’(1) is equal to
Q6.
then f’(1) is equal to
Q6.
then f’(1) is equal to
Solution :
Q6.
then f’(1) is equal to

B 100

C Does not exist

D 0
Q7. If f(x) = 1 - x + x2 - x3 + … + x100,
then f’(1) is equal to

A 150

B -50

C -150

D 50
Q7. If f(x) = 1 - x + x2 - x3 + … + x100,
then f’(1) is equal to
Q7. If f(x) = 1 - x + x2 - x3 + … + x100,
then f’(1) is equal to
Q7. If f(x) = 1 - x + x2 - x3 + … + x100,
then f’(1) is equal to
Q7. If f(x) = 1 - x + x2 - x3 + … +x100,
then f’(1) is equal to

A 150

B -50

C -150

D 50
Solution :
CHAIN RULE
 CHAIN RULE

y = f(x)
y x

Chain of
composition
y = g(t)
ω = k(x)
t ω
t = h(ω)

Chain rule
dy dy dω
= ⋅ dt ⋅
dx dt dω dx
 dy
Ex. If y = sin (ln x) , find dx
 dy
Ex. If y = sin (ln x) , find dx
Solution :
y = sin (ln x)
Let t = ln x ⇒ y = sin t
⇓ ⇓
dt 1 dy
= x = cos t
dx dt
Using dy dy dt
= ⋅
chain rule dx dt dx
1
= cos t
x
dy 1
= cos (ln x)
dx x
 dy
Ex. If y = cos (ln√x) , find
dx
 dy
Ex. If y = cos (ln√x) , find
dx
Solution :

dω 1
ω = √x ⇒ =
dx 2√x
dt 1
t = ln ω ⇒ =
dω ω

dy
y = cos t ⇒ = – sin t
dt
Solution :

dy dy dt dω
= ⋅ ⋅
dx dt dω dx
1 1
= – sin t ⋅ ⋅
ω 2√x
1 1
= – sin (ln√x ) ⋅ ⋅
√x 2√x

dy – sin (ln√x )
=
dx 2x
Product rule
d
f(x) g(x) = f ′ (x)g(x) + f(x) g′(x)
dx
Ex. Find derivative of f(x) = x sinx
Ex. Find derivative of f(x) = x sinx
Solution :

d
f ′(x) = (x sin x)
dx
d(x) d (sin x)
= × sin x + x ×
dx dx

= sin x + x cos x

d
f(x)g(x) = f ′(x) g(x) + f(x) g′(x)
dx
f(x) = x and g(x) = sin x
Ex. Find derivative of
f(x) = x3 ex lnx
Ex. Find derivative of
f(x) = x3 ex lnx
 Solution :

f(x) = x3 ex lnx
d(x3) d
f ′(x) = × ex lnx + x3 × ex lnx
dx dx
d(x3) d(ex) d(ln (x))
= × ex lnx + x3 × ln (x) +ex
dx dx dx

1
= 3x2 ex ln x + x3 ex ln x + x3ex
x
= 3x2 ex lnx + x3 ex lnx + x2ex
 Note

If f(x) = f1(x) × f2(x) × f3(x) × …× fn(x)

f ′(x) = f1′(x) f2(x) f3(x) … × fn(x)
+ f1(x) f2′(x) f3(x) … × fn(x)
+ f1(x) f2(x) f3′(x) … × fn(x) + …
+ f1(x) f2(x) f3(x) … × fn′ (x)
Quotient Rule
d f(x) g(x) f ′(x) – f(x) g′(x)
=
dx g(x) g(x) 2
Ex. Find the derivative of
 Solution :

d d x –x
(ex + e–x) (ex – e–x) – (ex – e–x) (e + e )
dx dx
f ′(x) =
(ex + e–x)2

(ex + e–x) (ex + e–x) – (ex – e–x)

=
(ex + e–x)2

4
=
(ex + e–x)2
Differentiation of Implicit
function
Example

1. y = x2 + x + 1
y can be expressed in terms of x
2. xy = x3 + x2 + 1 ⇒ y = x3 + x2 + 1
x
y can be expressed in terms of x
3. xy – sin (x + y) = 0
⇒ y can’t be expressed in terms of x
 Implicit function

If an equation f(x,y) = 0 where y can not be

expressed in terms of x then f(x,y) is
called an implicit function.
i.e. xy – sin (x + y) = 0
Differentiation of Implicit
function
Consider f (x, y) = 0
dy
Now to find
dx

Differentiate throughout
f (x, y) = 0 w.r.t x

and collect terms

containing dy
dx
Derivatives of Inverse
Trigonometric functions
Ex. If y = sin⁻¹ x Find
 Solution :

y = sin-1 x ; x ∈ [ −1, 1] ; y ∈ – π , π
[ ]
2 2

⇔
sin y = x Differentiate w.r.t
y
dx
cos y =
dy
dy 1 1 1
= = =
dx cos y √ 1 − sin2 y √ 1 − x2
Ex. If y = tan⁻¹ x Find
Solution :

y = tan–1 x ; x ∈ R ; y ∈ – π , π
( )
2 2

⇔
tan y = x

Differentiate w.r.t
y
sec2 y = dx
dy
dy 1 1
= 12 = =
dx sec y 2
1 + tan y 1 + x2
 Derivatives of Inverse
Trigonometric Functions
Practice Questions
Q1. Find in the following
x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3 = 81
Solution :
Q2. Find if y + sin y = cos x
Solution :
Q3. Find in, 2x + 3y = sinx
Solution :
Q4. If f ( 1 ) = 1, f' ( 1 )= 3, then the
derivative of f (f (f (x))) + (f (x)2)
at x = 1 is:
JEE-Main 2019, 8th April-II
A 33

B 15

C 9

D 12
Q4. If f ( 1 ) = 1, f' ( 1 )= 3, then the
derivative of f (f (f (x))) + (f (x)2)
at x = 1 is:
Q4. If f ( 1 ) = 1, f' ( 1 )= 3, then the
derivative of f (f (f (x))) + (f (x)2)
at x = 1 is:

A 33

B 15

C 9

D 12
Solution :
Q6. If sin2x, then
what is
equal to
NDA 2018
A

D
Q6. If sin2x, then
what is
equal to
Q6. If sin2x, then
what is
equal to
Q6. If sin2x, then
what is
equal to
NDA 2018
A

D
Q7. What is the derivative of the
function

NDA 2018
A e/2

B e

C 2e

D 4e
Q7. What is the derivative of the
function
Q7. What is the derivative of the
function
Q7. What is the derivative of the
function
Q7. What is the derivative of the
function

NDA 2018
A e/2

B e

C 2e

D 4e
t.me/vedantumath1
8th Jan 2020-(Shift 1)