DAY TWELVE

Differentiation
Learning & Revision for the Day
u Derivative (Differential u Geometrical Meaning of u Second Order Derivative
Coefficient) Derivative at a point u Differentiation of a Determinant
u Methods of Differentiation

Derivative (Differential Coefficient)

The rate of change of a quantity y with respect to another quantity x is called the derivative or
differential coefficient of y with respect to x. The process of finding derivative of a function
called differentiation.

Geometrical Meaning of Derivative at a Point

Geometrically derivative of a function at a point x = c is the slope of the tangent to the curve
y = f ( x) at the point P {c, f (c)}.
f ( x) − f (c) df ( x) 
Slope of tangent at P = lim =  or f ′ (c).
x →c x −c  dx x = c

Derivative of Some Standard Functions

d d
l
(constant) = 0 l
x n = nx n −1
dx dx
d
( x) =
1 d  1 n
l l
 n  = − n +1
dx 2 x dx x  x
d d
l
(sin x) = cos x l
(cos x) = − sin x
dx dx
d d
l
(tan x) = sec2 x l
(sec x) = sec x tan x
dx dx
d d
l
(cot x) = − cosec2 x l
(cosec x) = − cosec x cot x
dx dx
d 1 d x
l
(log x) = , for x > 0 l
(e ) = e x
dx x dx
d x d 1
l
(a ) = ax log a, for a > 0 l
(log a x) = , for x > 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1
dx dx x log a
l
d
(sin −1 x) =
1
, for −1 < x < 1 (x) If u = f ( x) and v = g( x), then the differentiation of u
dx 1 − x2  du 
 
d 1 du  dx 
l
(cos −1 x) = − , for −1 < x < 1 with respect to v is = .
dx 1 − x2 dv  dv 
 
 dx 
d 1
l
(sec −1 x) = , for| x| > 1 Differentiation of a function 
dx | x| x 2 − 1 w. r. t another function 
d 1  
l
(cosec −1 x) = − , for| x| > 1
dx | x| x 2 − 1
l
d
(tan −1 x) =
1
, for x ∈ R
Differentiation Using Substitution
dx 1 + x2 In order to find differential coefficients of complicated
d 1 expressions, some substitution are very helpful, which are
l
(cot −1 x) = − , for x ∈ R
dx 1 + x2 listed below

S. No. Function Substitution

Methods of Differentiation
dy d (i) 2
a –x 2
x = a sin θ or a cos θ
(i) If y = f ( x) ± g( x), then = { f ( x) ± g( x)}
dx dx (ii) 2
x –a 2
x = a sec θ or a cosec θ
= f ′ ( x) ± g ′ ( x)
(iii) x 2 + a2 x = a tan θ or a cot θ
(ii) If y = c ⋅ f ( x), where c is any constant, then
dy d a+ x a– x
= (c ⋅ f ( x)) = c ⋅ f ′( x). [Scalar multiple rule] (iv) or x = a cos 2θ
dx dx a− x a+ x
dy d
(iii) If y = f ( x) ⋅ g( x), then = { f ( x) ⋅ g( x)} a2 + x2 a2 – x 2
dx dx (v) or x2 = a2 cos 2θ
a2 − x2 a2 + x 2
= f ( x) ⋅ g ′ ( x) + g ( x) ⋅ f ′ ( x) [Product rule]
f ( x) dy d  f ( x)  g( x) ⋅ f ′ ( x) − f ( x) ⋅ g′ ( x) x
(iv) If y = , then =  = (vi) x = a tan2 θ
g ( x) dx dx  g( x)  {g( x)}2 a+ x
g ( x) ≠ 0 (vii) ( x – a)( x – b ) x = a sec2 θ – b tan2 θ
(v) If y = f (u) and u = g( x), then
dy df du (viii) ax – x 2 x = a sin2 θ
= ⋅ = f ′(u) ⋅ g′( x) [Chain rule]
dx du dx x
(ix) x = a sin2 θ
This rule can be extended as follows. If y = f (u),u = g(v) a– x
dy df du dv
and v = h ( x), then = ⋅ ⋅ , (x) ( x – a) (b – x) x = a cos2 θ + b sin2 θ
dx du dv dx
d
(vi) ( f {g( x)}) = f ′ (g( x)) ⋅ g′( x) Usually this is done in case of inverse trigonometric functions.
dx
(vii) If given function cannot be expressed in the form
y = f ( x) but can be expressed in the form f ( x, y) = 0, then Second Order Derivative
to find derivatives of each term of f ( x, y) = 0 w.r.t x.  dy 
d
If y = f ( x), then   is called the second order derivative
[differentiation of implicit function]  dx 
dx
(viii) If y is the product or the quotient of a number of d2 y
of y w.r.t x. It is denoted by 2 or f ′′( x) or y′′ or y2 .
complicated functions or if it is of the form ( f ( x))g ( x ), dx
then the derivative of y can be found by first taking log
on both sides and then differentiating it.
[logarithmic differentiation rule]
Differentiation of a Determinant
dy dp dq dr
When y = ( f ( x))g ( x ), then = ( f ( x))g ( x ) p q r
dx dy dx dx dx
If y = u v w , then = u v w
 g ( x)  dx
l m n l m n
 f ( x) ⋅ f ′( x) + log f ( x) ⋅ g′( x)
 
p q r p q r
(ix) If x = φ (t ) and y = Ψ (t ), where t is parameter, then du dv dw
dy dy/dt + + u v w
= [Parametric differentiation rule] dx dx dx dl dm dn
dx dx/dt l m n
dx dx dx
DAY TWELVE DIFFERENTIATION 119

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

 3π  11 If y = (1 − x ) (1 + x 2 ) (1 + x 4 )...(1 + x 2 n ), then
dy
at x = 0
1 If f ( x ) = | cos x |, then f ′   is equal to
 4 j NCERT Exemplar dx
1 1
is equal to
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) 2 2 1 x x
2 2 (a) −1 (b) (c) (d)
(1+ x)2 (1 + x 2 ) (1 − x)2
2 If f ( x ) = | x − 1 | and g ( x ) = f [f {f ( x )}], then for x > 2, g ′ ( x )
12 If f : ( −1, 1) → R be a differentiable function with f ( 0) = 1
is equal to
and f ′ ( 0) = 1. Let g ( x ) = [f ( 2f ( x ) + 2 )]2 . The, g′ ( 0) is
(a) − 1, if 2 ≤ x < 3 (b) 1, if 2 ≤ x < 3 equal to
(c) 1, if x > 2 (d) None of these
(a) 4 (b) −4 (c) 0 (d) −2
3 The derivative of y = (1 − x )( 2 − x )K (n − x ) at x = 1 is 13 Let f ( x ) be a polynomial function of second degree. If
(a) 0 (b) (−1)(n − 1)! (c) n! − 1 (d) (−1)n − 1 (n − 1)! f (1) = f ( −1) and a, b, c are in AP, then f ′ (a ), f ′ (b ) and f ′ (c )
4 If f ( x ) = x n , then the value of are in.
f ′ (1) f ′′ (1) f ′ ′′ (1) ( −1)n f n (1) (a) AP
f (1) − + − + ...+ is
1! 2! 3! n! (b) GP
(c) Arithmetic-Geometric progression
(a) 2 n (b) 0 (c) 2 n − 1 (d) None of these
(d) None of the above
x −x 2
d −1
5 If f ( x ) = 2 , where x ≠ 0, − 2, then [f ( x )] 14 If y = f ( x ) is an odd differentiable function defined on
x + 2x dx
( − ∞, ∞ ) such that f ′ ( 3) = − 2, then f ′ ( − 3) is equal to
(whenever it is defined) is equal to j
JEE Mains 2013
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) −2 (d) 0
−1 3 1 −3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1 − x)2 (1 − x)2 (1 − x)2 (1 − x)2 15 If f and g are differentiable function satisfying
g ′ (a ) = 2, g (a ) = b and fog = I (identity function). Then,
6 If f ( x ) = 2+| x |−| x − 1|−| x + 1| , then f ′ (b ) is equal to
 1  1  3  5
f ′  −  + f ′   + f ′   + f ′   is equal to (a)
1
(b) 2 (c)
2
(d) None of these
 2  2  2  2 2 3
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 2 (d) −2 16 If y is an implicit function of x defined by
7 If f ( x ) = loge | x |, then f ′( x ) equals x 2 x − 2x x cot y − 1 = 0. Then, y ′ (1) is equal to
1
(a) , where x ≠ 0
1
(b) for | x| > 1 (a) − 1 (b) 1 (c) log 2 (d) − log 2
| x| x dy
m +n
1 17 If x m
y = (x + y )
n
, then is equal to
(c) − for | x| > 1 dx
x x+ y x y
1 1 (a) (b) xy (c) (d)
(d) for x > 0 and − for x < 0 xy y x
x x
 π d 2y dy
8 If f ( x ) = | cos x − sin x |, then f ′   is equal to 18 If y = ( x + 1 + x 2 )n , then (1 + x 2 ) +x is equal to
 2 dx 2 dx
(a) n 2 y (b) −n 2 y (c) −y (d) 2 x 2 y
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
2t 1 − t2 dy
9 If f ( x ) = cos x ⋅ cos 2x ⋅ cos 4x ⋅ cos 8x ⋅ cos 16x , then 19 If x = and y = , then is equal to
 π 1 + t2 1 + t2 dx
f ′   is equal to
 4 (a)
2t
(b)
2t
1 3 t2 + 1 t2 − 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2t
2 2 (c) (d) None of these
1− t2
dy
10 If sin y = x sin(a + y ), then is equal to  π
dx 20 For a > 0, t ∈  0,  , let x = a sin−1 t and y = a cos −1 t .
sina sin (a + y)
2  2
(a) (b) 2
sin2 (a + y) sina  dy 
Then, 1 +   equals
sin2 (a − y)  dx  j
JEE Mains 2013
(c) sina sin2 (a + y) (d)
sina x2 y2 x2 + y2 x2 + y2
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) (d)
y x y2 x2
  x + 1  x − 1 dy  log(e / x 2 )  3 + 2 log x  d 2y
21 If y = sec−1  −1
 + sin   , then dx is equal to 30 If y = tan−1  2 
+ tan−1   , then is
 x − 1  x + 1  log(ex )   1 − 6 log x  dx 2
1 (a) 2 (b) 1
(a) 0 (b)
x +1 (c) 0 (d) −1
(c) 1 (d) None of these 31 If graph of y = f ( x ) is symmetrical about the Y-axis and
 1  6x x  that of y = g ( x ) is symmetrical about the origin and if
22 For x ∈  0,  , if the derivative of tan−1   is d 2h( x )
 4 1 − 9x 3  h( x ) = f ( x ) ⋅ g ( x ), then at x = 0 is
dx 2
x ⋅ g ( x ), then g ( x ) equals j JEE Mains 2017
(a) f (0)g (0)
9 3x x 3x 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) (b) 0
1 + 9x 3 1 − 9x 3 1 − 9x 3 1 + 9x 3 (c) can’t be determined
dy (d) None of the above
23 If y = sec(tan−1 x ), then at x = 1 is equal to
dx f ′( x ) f ( x )
j JEE Mains 2013 32 If = 0, where f ( x ) is continuously
1 1 f ′′( x ) f ′( x )
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2 2 differentiable function with f ′( x ) ≠ 0 and satisfies f ( 0) = 1
 1+ x 2 − 1− x 2  f ( x ) −1
and f ′( 0) = 2, then lim is
24 If y = tan−1   , then dy is equal to x→ 0 x
 1+ x 2 + 1− x 2  dx
  (a) 1 (b) 2
x x 2x 1
(a) (b) − (c) (d) None of these (c) (d) 0
1− x4 1− x2 1− x4 2
2
3x cos x sin x
dy
25 If 1 − x + 1 − y = a ( x − y ), then
2 2
is equal to 33 If f ( x ) = 6 −1 0 , where P is a constant.
dx
P P2 P3
1− x2 1− y2 x2 − 1 y2 − 1 d2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1− y2 1− x2 1− y2 1− x2 Then, { f ( x )} at x = 0 is equal to
dx 2
dy (a) P (b) P + P 2
26 If y = sin−1( x 1 − x + x 1 − x 2 ), then is equal to
dx (c) P + P 3 (d) independent of P
−2 x 1 −1 1
(a) + (b) − 34 Which of the following statements is/are true?
1− x2 2 x − x2 1− x2 2 x − x2 Statement I If y = (log x )log x , then
1 1 dy  1 log (log x ) 
(c) + (d) None of these = (log x )log x + .
1− x2 2 x − x2 dx  x x 

a cos
−1
x
−1 dy Statement II If y = cos(a cos x + b sin x ) for some
27 If y = cos −1 x
and z = a cos x
, then is equal to constants a and b, then
1+ a dz
y ′ = (a sin x − b cos x ) sin(a cos x + b sin x )
1 1
(a) − −1
(b) −1 (a) Only I is true
1 + a cos x
1 + a cos x

1 (b) Only II is true

(c) −1
(d) None of these (c) Both I and II are true
(1 + a cos x 2
) (d) Neither I nor II is true
1
28 Let g ( x ) be the inverse of f ( x ) such that f ′( x ) = , 35 Statement I If u = f (tan x ), v = g (sec x ) and f ′ (1) = 2,
1+ x 5  du  1
d 2 (g ( x )) g′ ( 2 ) = 4 , then   = .
then is equal to  dv  x = π / 4 2
dx 2
1 g ′(x) Statement II If u = f ( x ), v = g ( x ), then the derivative of f
(a) (b)
1 + (g (x))5 1 + (g (x))5 du du /dx
(c) 5 (g (x))4 (1 + (g (x))5 (d) 1 + (g (x))5 with respect to g is = .
dv dv /dx
d 2x
29 is equal to j
AIEEE 2011 (a) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is a
dy 2 correct explanation for Statement I
−1 −3
 d2y   dy   d 2 y  dy −2 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is
(a) −  2    (b)  2    not a correct explanation for Statement I
 dx   dx   dx   dx 
−1 (c) Statement I is true; Statement II is false
 d 2 y  dy −3  d2y 
(c) −  2    (d)  2  (d)Statement I is false; Statement II is true
 dx   dx   dx 
DAY TWELVE DIFFERENTIATION 121

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 2

PROGRESSIVE QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 For x ∈R ,f ( x ) = | log 2 − sin x | and g ( x ) = f (f ( x )), then 9 If f ( 2) = 4, f ′ ( 2) = 3, f ′′ ( 2) = 1, then (f −1 )′′ (4) is equal to
(a) g is not differentiable at x = 0 −1 −1
(a) (b)
(b) g′ (0) = cos(log 2) 9 81
(c) g′ (0) = − cos (log 2) −1 −1
(c) (d)
(d) g is differentiable at x = 0 and g′ (0) = − sin(log 2) 27 3
2 If y = sin x ⋅ sin 2x ⋅ sin 3x ... sin nx , then y ′ is 10 If f ( x ) = sin (sin x ) and f ′ ′ ( x ) + tan x f ′ ( x ) + g ( x ) = 0, then
n n g ( x ) is equal to j JEE Mains 2013
(a) ∑ k ⋅ tankx (b) y ⋅ ∑ k cot kx
k =1 k =1
(a) cos2 x cos (sin x) (b) sin2 x cos (cos x)
n n (c) sin2 x sin(cos x) (d) cos2 x sin(sin x)
(c) y ⋅ ∑ k ⋅ tankx (d) ∑ cotkx
k =1 k =1 11 If x = a cos t cos 2 t and y = a sin t cos 2 t
3
3 If 3f ( x ) − 2f (1 /x ) = x , then f ′ ( 2) is equal to   dy   2
2

2 1 7 1 +   
 dx 
(a)
7
(b)
2
(c) 2 (d)
2 (where, a > 0), then   at π is given by
d 2y 6
4 If f ( x ) = (cos x + i sin x ) ⋅ (cos 2x + i sin 2x )
dx 2
(cos 3x + i sin 3x ) ... (cos nx + i sin nx ) and f (1) = 1, then
f ′ ′ (1) is equal to
2 a
n (n + 1) n (n + 1) 
(b) 
(a) (b) a 2
(a) 3
2  2 
2 2a
n (n + 1) 
2 (c) (d)
(c) −  (d) None of these 3a 3
 2 

and g ( x + 1) = x + g ( x ) ∀ x ∈ R. If n ∈ I + ,
g (x )

y
12 Let f ( x ) = elne
tan−1  
5 If x 2 + y 2 = ae x
, a>0 assuming y > 0, then y′ ′ ( 0)  1  1
f ′ n +  f′  
 3  3
is equal to then − is equal to
 1   1
(a)
2 −π / 2
e (b) −
2 π /2
e f n +  f 
 3  3
a a
2  1 
(c) − e − π / 2 (d) None of these (a) 3  1 + + + K + 
1 1 1 1 1
(b) 3  1 + + + ... +
a 
 2 3 n  3 5 2n − 1
dy π
6 If y = | sin x || x| , then the value of at x = − is (c) n (d) 1
dx 6 1− x
−π π x2 x3
13 If the function f ( x ) = − 4e 2 +1+ x + + and
2 6 2 6
2 3
(a) [6log 2 − 3 π] (b) [6log 2 + 3 π]
6 6  −7 
π g ( x ) = f −1( x ), then the value of g′   is equal to
−  6
2 6
(c) [6log 2 + 3 π] (d) None of these 1 1
6 (a) (b) −
5 5
1
7 The solution set of f ′ ( x ) > g ′ ( x ), where f ( x ) = ( 5) 2 x + 1 (c)
6
(d) −
6
2 7 7
and g ( x ) = 5x + 4x loge 5 is
14. If f ( x ) = ( x − 1)100 ( x − 2)2 ( 99 ) ( x − 3)3 ( 98 ) ...( x − 100)100 ,
(a) (1, ∞) (b) (0, 1) (c) (∞, 0) (d) (0, ∞) f ′ (101)
then the value of is
8 Let f ′ ′ ( x ) = − f ( x ), where f ( x ) is a continuous double f (101)
differentiable function and g ( x ) = f ′ ( x ).
2 2
(a) 5050 (b) 2575
 x  x (c) 3030 (d) 1250
If F ( x ) = f    + g    and F ( 5) = 5, then F (10) is
  2    2  15 The derivative of the function represented parametrically
equal to as x = 2t − | t | , y = t 3 + t 2 | t | at t = 0 is
(a) 0 (b) 5 (a) −1 (b) 0
(c) 10 (d) 25 (c) 1 (d) does not exist.
122 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN MATHEMATICS DAY TEN

ANSWERS

SESSION 1 1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (b) 6 (d) 7 (b) 8 (a) 9 (a) 10 (b)
11 (a) 12 (b) 13 (a) 14 (c) 15 (a) 16 (a) 17 (d) 18 (a) 19 (b) 20 (d)
21 (a) 22 (a) 23 (a) 24 (a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (c) 28 (c) 29 (c) 30 (c)
31 (b) 32 (b) 33 (d) 34 (c) 35 (a)

SESSION 2 1 (b) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (a) 7 (d) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d)
11 (d) 12 (c) 13 (a) 14 (a) 15 (b)

Hints and Explanations

SESSION 1 f ′ (1) f ′ ′ (1) f ′ ′ ′ (1)
Hence, f ′ −  + f ′  + f ′  + f ′ 
1 1 3 5
∴ f (1) − + −
 2  2  2  2
1 When π < x < π, cos x < 0, so that
1! 2! 3!
2 (− 1)n f n (1) = (−1) + 1 + (−1) + (−1) = −2
+ ... +
|cos x |= − cos x, n!
= C 0 − C 1 + C 2 − nC 3 +
n n n 7 We have, f ( x ) = log e | x|
i.e. f ( x ) = − cos x, f ′( x ) = sin x
3π  ... + (−1)n nC n  log(− x ) , x < −1
Hence, f ′  3π  = 1
 = sin   = (1 − 1) = 0
n  − log(− x ) , −1 < x < 0
 4  4 2 ∴ f ( x) = 
5 Let y =
x2 − x  − log x , 0< x < 1
2 We have, f ( x ) = | x − 1| [Q x > 2]
x2 + 2 x  log x , x >1
f [ f ( x )] = f ( x − 1) = |( x − 1) − 1 | 2y + 1  1
⇒ x= ;x≠ 0 , x< −1
−y + 1  x
=| x − 2|  1
g ( x ) = f [ f { f ( x )}] = f ( x − 2) 2x + 1 − , − 1< x < 0
⇒ f −1 ( x ) = ⇒ f ′( x ) =  x
=|( x − 2) − 1 |= | x − 3 | −x + 1 1
x − 3, if x ≥ 3 − , 0< x < 1
=  d −1 (− x + 1 ) ⋅ 2 − (2 x + 1 ) (−1 )  x
 − x + 3, if 2 ≤ x < 3 ∴ [ f ( x )] =  1
dx (− x + 1 )2 , x>1
1, if x ≥ 3  x
∴ g ′ ( x ) =  3
= 1
 −1, if 2 ≤ x < 3 (− x + 1 )2 Clearly, f ′( x ) = for| x|> 1
x
dy
3 = − [(2 − x )(3 − x )K (n − x ) + 6 We have, f ( x ) = 2+| x|−| x − 1|−| x + 1| π
dx 8 When 0 < x < , cos x > sin x
4
(1 − x )(3 − x )K(n − x ) 2 − x + ( x − 1) + ( x + 1),
2 − ∴ cos x − sin x > 0
+ K + (1 − x )(2 − x )K (n − 1 − x )] x + ( x − 1) − ( x + 1),
∴ f ( x) =  π
 dy  Also, when < x < π,cos x < sin x
⇒   = − [(n − 1)! + 0 + K + 0] 2 + x + ( x − 1) − ( x + 1),
4
 dx  x = 1 2 + x − ( x − 1) − ( x + 1), ∴ cos x − sin x < 0
= (−1)(n − 1)!  if x < −1 ∴ |cos x − sin x|= − (cos x − sin x ), when
 if − 1 ≤ x < 0 π
4 We have, f ( x ) = x n < x< π
 4
⇒ f (1) = 1 = nC 0  if 0 ≤ x < 1 ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = sin x + cos x
f ′ (1) n n  if x ≥ 1 π π π
= = C1 ⇒ f ′   = sin + cos = 1 + 0 = 1
1! 1!  x + 2, if x < −1  2 2 2
f ′ ′ (1) n (n − 1) n  − x, if − 1 ≤ x < 0
⇒ = = C2 = 2sin x ⋅ cos x ⋅ cos 2 x ⋅ cos 4 x
2! 2!
 x, if 0 ≤ x < 1 ⋅ cos 8 x ⋅ cos 16 x
f ′ ′ ′ (1) n (n − 1) (n − 2) n 2 − x, if x ≥ 1 9 f ( x) =
= = C3 2sin x
3! 3! x < −1 sin 2 x cos 2 x cos 4 x ⋅ cos 8 x ⋅ cos 16 x
 1, if
=
M M  −1, if −1 ≤ x < 0 2 sin x
M M ⇒ f ′( x ) = 
 1, if 0 ≤ x < 1 = 5
sin 32 x
f n (1) n ! n  −1, x≥1 2 sin x
= = Cn if
n! n!
 1
∴ f ′( x ) = ⋅ ⇒ f ′ (− x )(−1) = − f ′ ( x ) d2 y dy
(1 + x2 ) + ⋅x
32 ⇒ f ′ (− x ) = f ′ ( x )∴ ⇒ dx 2
dx
32cos 32 x ⋅ sin x − cos x ⋅ sin 32 x f ′ (−3) = f ′ (3) = −2 1 + x2
sin2 x
15 Since, fog = I ⇒ fog ( x ) = x for all x n2 ( x + 1 + x2 )n
1 1 =
32 × − ×0 ⇒ f ′ ( g ( x )) g ′ ( x ) = 1 for all x
 π 2 2 1 + x2
⇒ f ′  = = 2 1 1
 4  1 
2
⇒ f ′(g (a)) = = d y 2
dy
32 g ′ (a) 2 ⇒ (1 + x2 ) + x
 2  dx2 dx
1
⇒ f ′( b ) = [Q g (a) = b] = n2 ( x + 1 + x2 )n
10 ∴ sin y = x sin(a + y ) 2
2
sin y d y dy
⇒ x= 16 x2 x − 2 x x cot y − 1 = 0 …(i) ⇒ (1 + x2 ) + x = n2 y
sin(a + y ) dx2 dx
Now, x = 1,
On differentiating w.r.t. y, we get 1 − 2 cot y − 1 = 0 2t 1 − t2
dx sin(a + y )cos y − sin y cos(a + y )
19 We have, x = ,y =
= ⇒ cot y = 0 1 + t2 1 + t2
dy sin2 (a + y ) π
⇒ y = Put t = tan θ
dx sin a 2
⇒ = 2 tan θ
dy sin2 (a + y ) On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get ∴ x= = sin 2θ and
1 + tan2 θ
dy sin2 (a + y ) dy
⇒ = 2 x2 x (1 + log x ) − 2 [ x x (− cosec2 y ) 1 − tan2 θ
dx sin a dx y = = cos 2θ
+ cot y x x (1 + log x )] = 0 1 + tan2 θ
11 Given, y = (1 − x ) (1 + x2 ) π dy dy / dθ − 2sin 2θ
At  1,  , 2 (1 + log 1) ∴ = = = − tan 2θ
(1 + x 4 )...(1 + x2 n )  2 dx dx / dθ 2cos 2θ
(1 − x2 ) (1 + x2 )...(1 + x2 n )   − 2 tan θ
or y =   =
 dy  1 − tan2 θ
(1 + x ) − 2 1 (− 1)   + 0 = 0
 dx   1 , π 
  − 2t
 2t
1 − ( x )4 n  2 
= = 2
=
(1 + x ) 1 − t2 t –1
 dy 
⇒ 2+ 2  =0
(1 + x ) ⋅ (0 − 4n ⋅ x 4 n − 1 )  dx  1, π   
1 1
20 Q dx =  asin t × 
−1
 2 
− (1 − x 4 n ) ⋅ 1  1 − t 
dy −1
∴ =  dy  dt 2 asin t

2

dx (1 + x )2 ∴   = −1
 dx  1, π   
 2  dy 1  acos t ×
−1 −1 
 dy  and =
∴ = −1 
  1 − t 
−1
 dx  x = 0 dt 2 acos t

2
17 Given that, x m y n = ( x + y )m + n
 acos t 
−1 −1

12 We have, f :(−1,1) → R Taking log on both sides, we get dy asin t

∴ =−  × 1
m log x + n log y = (m + n )log( x + y ) dx −1
a sin −1 t

f (0) = −1, f ′(0) = 1 acos t

On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get cos −1 t

g ( x ) = [ f (2 f ( x ) + 2)]2 m n dy (m + n )  dy  a
+ = =−
⇒ g ′( x ) = 2[ f (2 f ( x ) + 2)] 1 +  sin −1
t
x y dx ( x + y )  dx  a
× f ′(2 f ( x ) + 2) × 2 f ′( x ) 2 −1

dy  m + n n  m m + n  dy  acos t y2
⇒ g ′(0) = 2[ f {2 f (0) + 2}] ⇒  −  = − ∴ 1+   =1+ =1+ 2
dx  x + y y x x+ y  dx  asin −1 t x
× f ′{2 f (0) + 2} × 2 f ′(0)
= 2[ f (0)] × f ′(0) × 2 f ′(0) x2 + y 2
dy  my + ny − nx − ny  =
⇒   x2
= 2 × (−1) × 1 × 2 × 1 = −4 dx  y( x + y ) 
mx + my − mx − nx  x + 1  x − 1
13 Let f ( x ) = Ax2 + Bx + C 21 Q y = sec −1  −1
=  + sin  x + 1 
∴ f (1) = A + B + C x( x + y )  x − 1  
and f (−1) = A − B + C ∴
dy
=
y  x − 1 −1  x − 1 π
= cos −1   + sin  x + 1  = 2
dx x + 1
Q f (1) = f (−1) [given]  x   
⇒ A+ B+C = A−B+C 18 d ( y ) = n ( x + 1 + x2 )n − 1 ⇒
dy
= 0 Qsin −1 x + cos −1 x = 
π
dx  2 
⇒ 2B = 0 ⇒ B = 0 dx
 x 
∴ f ( x ) = Ax2 + C 1 +   
⇒ f ′( x ) = 2 Ax

 1 + x 2 22 Let y = tan −1  6 x x1 
 1 − 9x 
∴ f ′(a) = 2 Aa dy
 2 ⋅ (3 x3 /2 ) 
⇒ ( 1 + x2 ) = n ( x + 1 + x2 )n −1
f ′(b ) = 2 Ab and f ′(c ) = 2 Ac dx = tan  3 /2 2 
 1 − (3 x ) 
Also, a, b, c are in AP. d2 y dy  x 
 = 2 tan −1 (3 x3 /2 )
⇒ ( 1 + x2 ) +
So, 2 Aa, 2 Ab and 2 Ac are in AP. dx 2
dx  1 + x 
 2 Q2 tan −1 x = tan −1 2 x 
Hence, f ′(a), f ′(b )and f ′(c )are also in AP.  1 − x2 
 x 
14 Since, f ( x ) is odd. = n2 ( x + 1 + x2 )n − 1  1 + 
∴
dy
= 2⋅
1 3 1 /2
⋅ 3 × ( x)
 1 + x2 
  dx 1 + (3 x3 /2 )2 2
∴ f (− x ) = − f ( x )
 −1
9 acos x
= ⋅ x 27 y = , z = acos
−1
x
1 + 9 x3 1 + acos
−1
x f ′( x ) f ( x )
9 32 Since, =0
∴g( x) = z f ′′( x ) f ′( x )
1 + 9 x3 ⇒ y =
1+ z ∴ ( f ′( x ))2 − f ′′( x ) ⋅ f ( x ) = 0
−1
23 Given, y = sec (tan x ) dy (1 + z )1 − z (1)
⇒ = ( f ′( x ))2 − f ′′( x ) ⋅ f ( x )
Let tan −1 x = θ dz (1 + z ) 2 ⇒ =0
( f ′( x ))2
⇒ x = tanθ 1
= d  f ( x) 
∴ y = secθ = 1 + x2 (1 + z ) 2 ⇒ =0
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we 1 dx  f ′( x )
= −1
get (1 + acos x ) 2 f ( x)
dy 1 ⇒ = c , (constant)
= ⋅ 2x f ′( x )
dx 2 1 + x2 28 Since g ( x ) is the inverse of f ( x )
On putting x = 0, we get
At x = 1 ∴ f (g ( x )) = x
1
dy 1 ⇒ f ′(g ( x )) ⋅ g ′( x ) = 1 =c
= 2
dx 2 1
⇒ g ′( x ) = = 1 + (g ( x ))5 f ( x) 1
f ′(g ( x )) ⇒ =
 1 + x2 − 1 − x2 
24 Given, y = tan −1  f ′( x ) 2
. ⇒ g ′′( x ) = 5 (g ( x ))4 ⋅ g ′ ( x ).
 1 + x + 1 − x 
2 2
= 5 (g ( x ))4 (1 + (g ( x ))5 ) f ′( x )
⇒ =2
Put x2 = cos 2θ −1 f ( x)
29 Since, dx =  
dy
 cos θ − sin θ   dx  d
∴ y = tan −1  dy ⇒ (log f ( x )) = 2

 cos θ + sin θ  2
d x  dy 
−2 2
d y dx
dx
⇒ =−  ⋅ ⇒ log( f ( x )) = 2 x + k
 1 − tan θ  dy 2  dx  dx2 dy
= tan −1   On putting x = 0, we get 0 = k
 1 + tan θ   d2 y   dy 
−3
=− 2    ⇒ log( f ( x )) = 2 x
 π   dx 
= tan −1
tan  − θ  dx 
⇒ f ( x) = e2 x
 4  
 log(e / x2 ) f ( x) − 1
π π 1 30 Given, y = tan  
−1 e2 x − 1
−θ=
= − cos −1 x2 Now, lim = lim ⋅ 2 = 2.
 log(ex ) 
2
x→ 0 x x→ 0 2x
4 4 2
 3 + 2 log x
dy x x + tan −1   33 f ′′( x )
∴ = 0+ =  1 − 6 log x
dx 1 − x4 1 − x4
 log e − log x2  d2 d2 d2
∴ y = tan −1  (3 x2 ) (cos x ) (sin x )
2 
2 2
25 On putting x = sinθ and y = sin φ , we get dx dx dx2
 log e + log x  = 6 −1 0
Given equation becomes  3 + 2 log x
+ tan −1  P P2 P3
cos θ + cos φ = a(sin θ − sin φ) 
 1 − 6 log x
 θ + φ  cos  θ − φ 
⇒ 2cos      1 − 2 log x  6 − cos x − sin x
 2   2  = tan −1  
 1 + 2 log x  = 6 −1 0
 θ + φ  θ − φ 
= a 2cos   sin   P P2 P3
  2   2   3 + 2 log x 
+ tan −1  
θ−φ  1 − 6 log x  6 −1 0
⇒ = cot −1 a
2 −1
= tan (1) − tan (2 log x ) −1 ∴ f ′′(0) = 6 −1 0 = 0, which is
⇒ θ − φ = 2cot −1 a + tan −1 (3) + tan −1 (2 log x ) P P2 P3
⇒ sin −1 x − sin −1 y = 2cot −1 a = tan (1) + tan −1 (3)
−1
independent of P.
1 1 dy dy d2 y
⇒ − =0 Now, = 0 and 2 = 0 34 I. Let y = (log x ) log x
1 − x2 1 − y 2 dx dx dx
On taking log both sides, we get
dy 1 − y2 31 Since, y = f ( x ) is symmetrical about the log y = log ( log x ) log x
∴ =
dx 1 − x2 Y-axis ⇒ log y = log x log [log x]
∴ f ( x ) is an even function. [Q log m n = n log m]
26 On putting x = sin A and x = sin B Also, as y = g ( x ) is symmetrical about On differentiating both sides w.r.t.
y = sin −1 (sin A 1 − sin2 B the origin x, we get
∴ g ( x ) is an odd function. 1 dy
= (log x )
d
+ sin B 1 − sin2 A ) {log (log x )}
Thus, h( x ) = f ( x ) ⋅ g ( x ) is an odd y dx dx
= sin −1 (sin A cos B + sin B cos A ) function. d
= sin −1 [sin( A + B )] + log (log x ) log x
or h( x ) = − h(− x ) dx
= A + B = sin −1 x + sin −1 x
Now, h ′( x ) = h ′ (− x ) 1 1 1
dy 1 1 = (log x ) + log (log x )
⇒ = + and h "( x ) = − h ′′(− x ) log x x x
dx 1 − x2 2 x − x2 ⇒ h ′′(0) = − h ′′(0) 1
= {1 + log (log x )}
⇒ h ′′(0) = 0 x
 ⇒
dy y
= {1 + log (log x )} 3 3 f ( x ) − 2 f (1 / x ) = x …(i) When x = 0, we get from Eq. (i),
dx x y ′ = −1
Let 1 / x = y , then
(log x ) log x 2 −2 − π /2
= {1 + log (log x )} 3 f (1 / y ) − 2 f ( y ) = 1 /y ⇒ y ′′ (0) = = e
x − ae π /2 a
⇒ −2 f ( y ) + 3 f (1 / y ) = 1 /y
1 log(log x )
= (log x ) log x + ⇒ −2 f ( x ) + 3 f (1 / x ) = 1 /x …(ii) 6 Given, y = |sin x || x |
 x x 
On multiplying Eq. (i) by 3 and Eq. (ii) In the neighbourhood of
II. Let y = cos (a cos x + b sin x ). by 2 and adding, we get π
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get − , | x |and|sin x | both are negative
2 6
d 5 f ( x) = 3 x +
{cos(acos x + b sin x} x i.e. y = (− sin x )( − x )
dx
f ( x ) =  3 x + 
1 2 On taking log both sides, we get
= − sin(a cos x + b sin x ) ⇒
5 x log y = (− x ) ⋅ log (− sin x )
d
(acos x + b sin x ) 1 2 On differentiating both sides, we get
dx ⇒ f ′( x ) =3 − 
= (− x ) 
5 x2  1 dy 1 
= − sin(acos x + b sin x ) ⋅  ⋅ (− cos x )
y dx  − sin x 
f ′(2) =  3 −
[− asin x + b cos x] 1 2 1
⇒ =
5 4 2 + log(− sin x ) ⋅ (−1)
= (asin x − b cos x )
= − x cot x − log (− sin x )
sin (acos x + b sin x ) 4 f ( x ) = (cos x + i sin x ) = − [ x cot x + log (− sin x )]
35 Given, u = f (tan x ) (cos 2 x + i sin 2 x )(cos 3 x + i sin 3 x ) ⇒
dy
= − y [ x cot x + log (− sin x )]
du … (cos nx + i sin nx ) dx
⇒ = f ′(tan x )sec2 x − π
dx = cos( x + 2 x + 3 x + ...+ nx ) + i sin
∴  
dy (2) 6
and v = g (sec x ) ( x + 2 x + 3 x + ...+ nx ) = [6 log 2 − 3 π]
 dx  at x=−
π 6
⇒
dv
= g ′(sec x )sec x tan x n (n + 1) n (n + 1)
= cos x + i sin x 6
dx 2 2
du (du / dx ) f ′(tan x ) 1 7 Since, f ′( x ) > g ′( x )
n (n + 1)
∴ = = ⋅ ⇒ f ′( x ) = 
⇒   52 x
dv (dv / dx ) g ′(sec x ) sin x 1 +1
 2  log e 5 × 2 >
 2
f ′(1)
∴  
du n (n + 1) n (n + 1) 
= ⋅ 2 −
 dv  x = π 4 g ′( 2 ) sin x + i cos x 5x log e 5 + 4 log e 5
 2 2 
⇒ 52 x ⋅ 5 > 5 x + 4
2 1 2
= ⋅ 2=  n (n + 1) ⇒ 5⋅ 52 x – 5 x – 4 > 0
4 2 f ′′ ( x ) = −
 2  ⇒ (5 x – 1) (5⋅ 5 x + 4) > 0
cos n (n + 1) x + i sin n (n + 1) x  ∴ 5x > 1
SESSION 2   ⇒ x> 0
2 2
1 We have, f ( x ) = |log 2 − sin x| and d
{ f ′( x )} = − f ( x )
2
 n (n + 1) 8 Given,
g ( x ) = f ( f ( x )), x ∈ R =− ⋅ f ( x)
 2  dx
Note that, for x→ 0, log 2 > sin x 2
⇒ g ′( x ) = − f ( x )
∴ f ( x ) = log 2 − sin x  n (n + 1)
∴ f ′ ′ (1) = − f (1) [Q g ( x ) = f ′ ( x ), given]
⇒ g ( x ) = log 2 − sin( f ( x ))  2 
n (n + 1)
2 Also, given F ( x )
= log 2 − sin(log 2 − sin x )
= − 2 2
Clearly, g ( x ) is differentiable at x = 0 as  2  =  f    +  g   
x x
sin x is differentiable.   2   2
Now, 5 When x = 0, y > 0 ⇒ y = ae π /2
⇒ F ′( x ) = 2  f    f ′   ⋅
x x 1
g ′ ( x ) = − cos (log 2 − sin x ) (− cos x ) On taking log both sides of the given
= cos x.cos(log 2 − sin x ) equation, we get   2  2 2
⇒ g ′ (0) = 1 ⋅ cos (log 2) log ( x2 + y 2 ) = log a + tan −1  
1 y
+ 2  g    ⋅ g ′   ⋅ = 0
x x 1
2  x
2 We have,   2  2 2
y = sin x ⋅ sin 2 x ⋅ sin 3 x⋅....sin nx On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we
get Hence, f ( x ) is constant. Therefore,
∴ y ′ = cos x ⋅ sin 2 x ⋅ sin 3 x...⋅ sin nx F(10) = 5 .
1 2 x + 2 yy ′ 1 xy ′− y
× 2 = ×
+ sin x ⋅ (2cos 2 x ) sin 3x...sin nx 2 x + y2 2
x2
 y
1+   9 Let y = f ( x ), then x = f −1 ( y ).
+ sin x ⋅ sin 2 x(3cos 3 x )...sin nx  x d2 x
+ ...+ sin x sin 2 x sin 3 x...(cos nx ) Now, = ( f −1 )′′ ( y )
⇒ x + yy ′ = xy ′− y …(i) d y2
(by product rule) Again, on differentiating both sides −1
dx  dy 
⇒ y ′ = cot x ⋅ y + 2 ⋅ cot 2 x ⋅ y w.r.t. x, we get Q = 
1 + ( y ′ )2 + yy ′′ = xy ′ ′+ y ′− y ′ dy  dx 
+3 ⋅ cot 3 x ⋅ y + ...+ n ⋅ cot nx ⋅ y
−1
⇒ y ′ = y [cot x + 2cot 2 x ⇒ 1 + ( y ′ )2 = ( x − y )y ′′ d2 x d d y 
∴ =  
+3cot 3 x + ...+ n cot nx] 1 + ( y ′ )2 d y2 dy  d x 
n ⇒ y ′′=
x− y
∑ k cot kx
−1
⇒ y′ = y ⋅ d  dy  dx
k =1 =   ⋅
dx  dx  dy
 −2 3 /2
 dy 
= −  ⋅
d 2 y dx
⋅
  dy  
2
d2 y 13 Since, g ( x ) = f −1 ( x )
 dx  ∴ 1 +   
dx2 dy  dx  dx2 ∴ f (g ( x )) = x ⇒ f ′ (g ( x )) ⋅ g ′ ( x ) = 1
 
−d 2 y 1
= (1 + cot 3 t )
2 3 /2  −3  cosec3 3t cos 2t ⇒ g ′( x ) =
2   f ′ (g ( x ))
= dx 3  a
  −7
g ′   =
dy 1
  
3 /2
⇒
 dy  
2
 dx  d2 y π  6  7 
⇒ 1 +   
 dx 
at t = is f ′  g  −  
Since, y = 4 when x = 2   dx2 6   6 
d2 y 1
a
=
2a =
dx2 x = 2 −1 π  −1  − 7  
∴ ( f −1 )′′ (4) = − = 3 cos
3 f ′ f  
3
27   6 
 dy  3
   Q f (1) = − 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = − 7
 dx  12 Clearly, f ( x ) = e g ( x )
x =2  2 3 6
Now, as g ( x + 1) = x + g ( x ) −1  7  
10 f ( x ) = sin (sin x ) ∴f   =1
∴ e g (x + 1 ) = e x + g (x ) = e x ⋅ e g (x )  6 
⇒ f ′ ( x ) = cos x ⋅ cos (sin x ) ⇒ f ( x + 1) = e x f ( x ) 1
⇒ f ′ ′ ( x ) = − sin x ⋅ cos (sin x ) =
On taking log both sides, we get 5
− cos 2 x ⋅ sin(sin x ) ln f ( x + 1) = ln (e x ⋅ f ( x ))  1−x

2  − 1  + 1 + x + x2
Now, g ( x ) = − [ f ′ ′ ( x ) + f ′ ( x ) ⋅ tan x]
⇒
1
. f ′ ( x + 1) Q f ′ ( x ) = − 4e 
 2
 
= sin x ⋅ cos (sin x ) + cos 2 x ⋅ sin(sin x ) f ( x + 1)  
− tan x ⋅ cos x ⋅ cos (sin x )
= sin x ⋅ cos (sin x ) + cos 2 x ⋅ sin(sin x ) =1+
1
. f ′( x ) 14 We have, f ( x ) = 100 ( x − i )i (101 − i )
f ( x) 11
− sin x ⋅ cos (sin x ) i =1

= cos 2 x ⋅ sin (sin x ) f ′ ( x + 1) f ′ ( x ) 100

⇒ − =1 ⇒ log f ( x ) = Σ i (101 − i ) log ( x − i )
f ( x + 1) f ( x) i =1
11 We have, 1 100
1
dx  cos t ⋅ sin 2t  f '  1 +  f '  
1 1 ⋅ f '( x ) = ∑ i (101 − i )⋅
= a  − sin t cos 2t −   3  3 f ( x) i =1 x−i
dt  cos 2t  ⇒ − =1
f ′ (101) 100 (101 − i )
f  1 +  f  
1 1 ⇒ = Σ i
−asin 3 t  3  3 f (101) i = 1 (101 − i )
=
cos 2 t 100 100(101)
f ′  2 +
1
f ′  1 +
1 = Σ i= = 5050
  i =1 2
dy  sin t ⋅ sin 2t   3  3
and = a cos t cos 2t −  − =1
f  2 +
dt cos 2t  1 1 + 1 15 Given, x = 2t − |t|and y = t 3 + t 2 |t|
  f  
 3  3 Clearly,x = t , y = 2t 3 when t ≥ 0
acos 3 t 1
= f ′  n +  f ′  (n − 1) +
1 and x = 3t , y = 0 when t < 0
cos 2 t 
 3  3 On eliminating the parameter t, we get
− =1
dy dy / dt  1  1 2 x3 , when x ≥ 0
∴ = = − cot3t f n +  f  (n − 1) +  y =
dx dx / dt  3  3
2  0, when x < 0
d y dt
⇒ = 3cosec 2 3t ⋅ on adding columnwise, we get dy  6 x2 , when x > 0
dx2 dx Now, =
f ′  n +  f ′  
1 1 dx  0, when x < 0
−3cosec2 3t ⋅ cos 2t 
= 3  3
asin 3t − =n Q (LHD) at x = 0 = (RHD) at x = 0 = 0
f  n +  f  
1 1
∴ Its derivative at x = 0
 3
= −   cosec3 3t ⋅ cos 2t  3  3
 a (i.e. at t = 0 is 0)