WORSHEET 5

Parallel and Series Circuit

1. The relay network shown in Fig. 1 operates if and only if there is a closed path of relays from left to right.
Assume that relays fail independently and that the probability of failure of each relay is as shown. What
is the probability that the relay network operates?

2. A circuit system is given below. Assume the components fail independently.

a. What is the probability that the entire system works?
b. Given that the system works. What is the probability that the component A is not working?

3. The diagram below shows an electronic system, with the reliabilities of the various components, that is,
the probabilities of their working correctly. The circuit, as a whole functions, if there is a working path
from A to B. Assuming that all components of the circuit fail independently, what is the reliability of the
circuit?
4. Consider a system composed of a heater (R1), two pumps (R2 and R3), and 5 turbines (R4 through
R8). The two pumps work in parallel, meaning that the pump sub-system operates if at least one of
the pumps operates. The turbine sub-system operates if at least 3 turbines operate. The heater,
pump, and turbine sub-systems are connected in series, meaning that they must all properly work
for the whole system to perform adequately. Calculate the systems reliability.

Between two scheduled maintenances, each component may fail independently of the others, with
the following probabilities. The reliability of the system is defined as the probability that the system
does not fail between scheduled maintenances.
 WORKSHEET 6
Normal Distribution

1. Use the z-table to determine the following probabilities for the standard normal random
variable Z. Sketch the normal curve.
a. P(Z < 1.32) e. P(0 < Z < 2.93)
b. P(Z > 1.45) f. P(-2.83 < Z < -1.27)
c. P(Z < -3.0) g. P(-2.34< Z < 1.76)
d. P(Z > -2.15) h. P(1.29 < z < 3.04)

2. Assume Z has a standard normal distribution. Use the z-table to determine the value for z that
solves each of the following:
a. P(Z < z) = 0.9 e. P(-z < Z < z) = 0.95
b. P(Z > z) = 0.1 e. P(-z < Z < z) = 0.68
c. P(-1.24 < Z < z) = 0.8 f. P(-z < Z < z) = 0.99
d. P(Z < z) = 0.5 g. P(-z < Z < z) = 0.9973

3. The compressive strength of samples of cement can be modeled by a normal distribution with a
mean of 6000 kilograms per square centimeter and a standard deviation of 100 kilograms per
square centimeter.
a. What is the probability that a sample’s strength is less than 6250 Kg/cm2?
b. What is the probability that a sample’s strength is between 5800 and 5900 Kg/cm 2?
c. What strength is exceeded by 95% of the samples?

4. The line width of for semiconductor manufacturing us assumed to be normally distributed with
a mean of 0.5 micrometer and a standard deviation of 0.05 micrometer.
a. What is the probability that a line width is greater than 0.62 micrometer?
b. What is the probability that a line width is between 0.47 and 0.63 micrometer?
c. The line width of 90% of samples is below what value?
 WORSHEET 7
Inferences for the Mean when Variance Is Known

1. A machine makes steel bearings with a mean diameter of 39 mm and a standard deviation of 3
mm. The bearing diameters are normally distributed. A quality-control technician found that
in a sample of 50 bearings the mean diameter was 44 mm. Test the significance of this result
with a significance level of 5%. Decide whether the machine needs to be adjusted.

I. Ho: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Ha: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

II. Test Statistics: ___ - tailed, ___ - test on _____ population

III. Decision Rule: Reject Ho if ______________________________,

otherwise, we failed to reject Ho.

IV. Computation:
 V. Decision: Since ___________________________________________

VI. Conclusion:

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

2. The strength of steel wire made by an existing process is normally distributed with a mean of
1300 and a standard deviation of 100. A batch of wire is made by a new process, and a random
sample consisting of 25 measurements gives an average 214 Statistical Inferences for the
Mean strength of 1316. Assume that the standard deviation does not change. Is there evidence
at the 10% level of significance that the new process gives a larger mean strength than the old?

I. Ho: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Ha: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

II. Test Statistics: ___ - tailed, ___ - test on _____ population

III. Decision Rule: Reject Ho if ______________________________,

otherwise, we failed to reject Ho.

IV. Computation:

V. Decision: Since ___________________________________________

 VI. Conclusion:

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

WORSHEET 8
Inferences for the Mean when Variance Is Estimated from a Sample

1. The electrical resistances of components are measured as they are produced. A sample of six
items gives a sample mean of 3.62 ohms and a sample standard deviation of 0.137 ohms. At
what observed level of significance is this sample mean significantly different from a
population mean of 2.60 ohms? Is there less than 3% probability of getting a sample mean
this far away from 2.60 ohms or farther purely by chance when the population mean is 2.60
ohms?

I. Ho: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Ha: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

II. Test Statistics: ___ - tailed, ___ - test on _____ population

III. Decision Rule: Reject Ho if ______________________________,

otherwise, we failed to reject Ho.

IV. Computation:
V. Decision: Since ___________________________________________

VI. Conclusion:

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

2. A random sample of 15 workers from a vacuum flask assembly line was selected from large
number of such workers. Ivor Stopwatch, a work-study engineer, asked each of these
workers to assemble a one-litre vacuum flask at their normal working speed. The times
taken, in seconds, to complete these tasks are given below.
109.2 146.2 127.9 92.0 108.5
91.1 109.8 114.9 115.3 99.0
112.8 130.7 141.7 122.6 119.9
Assuming that this sample came from an underlying normal population, investigate the
claim that the population mean assembly time is less than 2 minutes.

I. Ho: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Ha: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

II. Test Statistics: ___ - tailed, ___ - test on _____ population

III. Decision Rule: Reject Ho if ______________________________,

otherwise, we failed to reject Ho.

IV. Computation:
V. Decision: Since ___________________________________________

VI. Conclusion:

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

WORSHEET 9
Two-Sample Independent T-Test

1. Two methods of determining the nickel content of steel are compared using four
determinations by each method. The results are:

n Mean Standard
Deviation
Method 1 n1 = 4 x̄ 1 = 3.2865 s1 = 0.00884
Method 2 n2 = 4 x̄ 1 = 3.3467 s2 = 0.00876

Assuming that the two estimates of variance are compatible, is the difference in means
statistically significant at the 1% level of significance?

2. Daily evaporation rates were measured on 20 successive days. Which of two types of
evaporation pan would be used on a particular day was decided by tossing a coin. The mean
daily evaporation for the 10 days on which Pan A was used was 18.70 mm, and the mean
evaporation on the 10 days on which Pan B was used was 16.23 mm. The variance estimated
from the sample from Pan A is 8.52 mm 2, and the variance estimated from the sample from
Pan B is 6.36 mm2. Assuming that these two estimates of variance are compatible, does the
experimental evaporation pan, Pan A, give significantly higher evaporation rates than the
standard pan, Pan B, at the 2% level of significance?