OSCILLATION

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Write down the difference between compound pendulum and torsion pendulum. Show that
motion of torsion pendulum is angular harmonic in nature and hence find its time period.
[2077 Chaitra OR]
2. Define centers of suspension and oscillation of a compound pendulum and show that they are
interchangeable. What length of the pendulum has its minimum time period?
[2074 Bhadra OR]
3. What is compound pendulum? Derive the expression of its time period and discuss about the
collinear points in compound pendulum. [2073 Magh Back OR]
4. Show that motion of a disk of a torsion pendulum is angular harmonic motion. Find an
expression for its angular frequency and time period of oscillation. [2073 Bhadra OR]

RC
5. Differentiate between linear and angular harmonic motion. Prove that three exits four
collinear point in a bar pendulum. [2072 Magh Back OR]
6. Prove that the motion of a torsion pendulum is angular simple harmonic motion and
-W
determine its time period. Explain how can you determine the moment of inertia of irregular
shaped body by using such pendulum? [2072 Ashwin OR]
7. Define physical pendulum and derive its formula of time period. Also differentiate
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mechanical oscillations and electromagnetic oscillations. [2071 Magh Back OR]
8. Develop and solve the differential equation of damped harmonic oscillator subjected to a
sinusoidal force. Then obtain expression for its maximum amplitude and quality factor.
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[2071 Bhadra]
9. A uniform circular disc of radius R oscillates in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis. Show
that disc will oscillate with the minimum time period when the distance of the axis of rotation
iv

R
from the center is . [2070 Magh Back OR]
C

√2
10. Derive a relation to determine the radius of gyration of a compound pendulum. Why
-

determination of the acceleration due to gravity is more accurate from a compound pendulum
78

than a simple pendulum? [2070 Bhadra OR]

11. What are drawbacks of simple pendulum? Show that the period of torsion oscillations remain
unaffected even if the amplitude be large, provided that the elastic limit of the suspension
wire is not exceeded. [2069 Bhadra OR]
12. What is forced oscillation? Derive differential equation for forced oscillation and show that
amplitude at resonance is inversely proportional to damping constant of medium.
[2068 Bhadra OR]
13. What is a torsional pendulum? Obtain an expression for its time period and explain why,
unlike a simple or a compound pendulum the time period in this case remains unaffected even
if the amplitude be large? [2067 Mangsir OR]
14. A meter stick suspended from one end swings as a physical pendulum (a) what is the period
of oscillation (b) what would be the length of the simple pendulum that would have the same
period? [2067 Mangsir]
15. Derive a relation for the time period of a compound pendulum and compare it with that of
simple pendulum to locate the centre of oscillation. [2067 Chaitra Back OR]
 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Deduce the formula for the time period of compound pendulum and show that it is minimum
when length of the pendulum is equal to radius of gyration. [2078 Bhadra OR]
2. Define point of suspension & oscillation of bar pendulum & show that they are
interchangeable. Also show that the time period will be minimum, when these points are
equidistance from centre of gravity. [2076 Chaitra OR]
3. Derive an expression for the time period of a physical pendulum and establish the
interchangeability of the center of oscillation and suspension. [2076 Ashwin Back OR]
4. Define torsional pendulum. Derive an expression for its time period. Explain why the time
period of the torsional pendulum remains unaffected even if the amplitude is large.
[2075 Chaitra OR]
5. A meter stick swings as a compound pendulum when suspended from one of its end.
Calculate (a) period of the oscillations and (b) equivalent length of the simple pendulum that
would have the same period. [2075 Chaitra]
6. Deduce the time period of a simple harmonic vibration/ Explain why a loaded bus is more

RC
comfortable than an empty bus. [2075 Ashwin Back]
7. Explain forced oscillation with its differential equation. Write the relation for the frequency
dependent amplitude and hence give a rough sketch of the resonance curve.
-W [2075 Ashwin Back OR]
8. Define the terms sharpness of resonance and quality factor. Derive the relation of quality
factor in terms of band width. [2074 Chaitra OR]
ns
9. Define centers of suspension and oscillation of a compound pendulum and show that they are
interchangeable. What length of the pendulum has its minimum time period?
[2074 Ashwin Back OR]
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10. Define SHM. Derive the expression for energy of SHM. Show that the KE and PE of simple
harmonically oscillating object changes with time however the total energy is invariant.
[2074 Ashwin Back OR]
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11. Define compound pendulum. Show that the motion of torsional pendulum follows angular
SHM. Use it to find modulus of rigidity of a given wire. [2073 Chaitra OR]
C

12. Write the differences between mechanical oscillation and e.m. oscillation. Set up the
differential equation of damped harmonic mechanical oscillation. Obtain the relation for
-
78

frequency of such oscillation. Hence explain the conditions for different types of damped
oscillation. [2073 Shrawan Back OR]
13. A heavy circular ring of radius R oscillates in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis at a
distance x from the center. Show that the time period is minimum when x = R.
[2073 Shrawan Back]
14. Differentiate between bar pendulum and torsional pendulum. Prove that there exists four
collinear points in bar pendulum. [2072 Chaitra OR]
15. In simple harmonic motion, when the displacement is one-half the amplitude, what fraction of
the total energy is KE and what fraction is PE? At what displacement is the energy half KE
and half PE? [2072 Chaitra]
16. Differentiate between bar pendulum and torsional pendulum. Using a torsional pendulum,
derive a relation for modulus of rigidity of the metallic wire. [2072 Kartik Back OR]
17. Show that in a bar pendulum, minimum time period is achieved if radius of gyration is equal
to the distance of point of suspension or point of oscillation from center of gravity.
[2072 Kartik Back]
18. What is torsional pendulum? Derive the expression for the time period of oscillation for this
pendulum. [2071 Chaitra OR]
 19. Derive a relation to find the moment of inertia of a rigid body about an axis passing through
its center of gravity using the torsional pendulum. [2071 Shrawan Back OR]
20. Define simple harmonic motion. Show the average kinetic energy is half of the total energy of
a particle executing simple harmonic motion. [2070 Chaitra OR]
21. Derive an expression for the time period of a physical pendulum and establish the
interchangeability of the center of oscillation and suspension. [2070 Ashad Back]
22. Point out the similarities and dissimilarities between the oscillations of bar pendulum and
torsional pendulum. Show that the radius of gyration is equal to distance from center of
suspension to center of gravity of compound pendulum, when time period is minimum.
[2069 Chaitra]
23. Obtain an expression for the time period of a compound pendulum and show that its time
period is unaffected by the fixing of a small additional mass to it at its centre of suspension.
[2069 Ashad Back OR]
24. A particle is moving with simple harmonic motion in a straight line. If it has a speed v1 when
the displacement is x1 and speed v2 when the displacement is x2 then show that the amplitude
1
v2 2 x1 2 -v1 2 x2 2 2
of the motion is, a = [ ] . [2069 Ashad Back]
v2 2 -v1 2

RC
25. Differentiate between linear and angular harmonic motion. Show that the motion of torsion
pendulum is angular harmonic motion. Also find its time period. [2068 Chaitra OR]
26. List the common pendulums in practice. Which of them is a physical pendulum and why?
-W
Show that point of suspension and point of oscillation are interchangeable.[2068 Shrawan
Back OR]
27. Explain the theory of a simple mass spring system. Develop the relation for time period and
ns
frequency of two springs having spring constants K1 and K2 supporting a mass ‘M’ between
them on a frictionless horizontal table. [2068 Shrawan Back OR]
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28. What is torsion pendulum? Describe how will you determine modulus of rigidity of a thin
metallic wire which supports the disc. [2068 Baisakh OR]
iv

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
C

 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

-

1. A meter stick swings about a pivot point at one of its end. What is the time period of
78

oscillation? What is the distance of the pivot point from the centre of oscillation of the stick?
[2077 Chaitra]
2. A mass of 1 kg is suspended from a spring of spring constant 25N/m. If the undamped
2
frequency is times the damped frequency, what will be the damping factor? [2075 Bhadra]
√3
3. At t = 0; the displacement x(0) of the block in linear oscillator is -8.50 c.m. The Block’s
velocity v(0) then is -0.920 m/s and its acceleration a(0) is 47 m/s2. Find
a) Angular frequency b) Phase constant [2075 Bhadra]
4. In damped harmonic motion, calculate the time in which (i) its amplitude and (ii) its energy
falls to 1/e of its undamped value if the mass of the system is 0.25 gm and damping constant
is 0.01 g/s? [2073 Magh Back]
5. A simple pendulum of length 40 cm and mass 50 gm is suspended in a car that is travelling
with a constant speed 40 m/s around a circle of radius 100 m. If the pendulum undergoes a
small oscillation in a radial direction about its equilibrium position, what will be its frequency
of oscillation? [2072 Magh Back]
6. The amplitude of a lightly damped oscillator decreases by 3% during each cycle. What
fraction of the energy of the oscillator is lost in each full oscillation? [2072 Ashwin]
 7. An oscillatory motion of a body is represented by y = aeiωt where y is displacement in time t,
a is its amplitude and ω is angular frequency. Show that the motion is simple harmonic.
[2070 Bhadra]
8. In simple harmonic motion, when the displacement is one-half the amplitude, what fraction of
the total energy is kinetic energy and what fraction is potential energy? At what displacement
if half kinetic energy and half potential energy? [2069 Bhadra OR]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. In an oscillation, the amplitude drops to 1/e of its original amplitude in 50sec. Find the
relaxation time. Also, obtain the time required to drop the amplitude to 1/e2 of the original
amplitude. [2076 Chaitra]
2. If the relaxation time of a damped harmonic oscillator is 50 sec, find the time in which the
1 1
amplitude falls to times the initial value and energy of the system falls to of its initial
e3 e4
value. [2073 Chaitra]

RC
3. If the relaxation time of a damped harmonic oscillator is 60 sec, find the time for which (a)
the amplitude falls to 1/e times the initial value and (b) energy falls to 1/e 2 times the initial
value. -W [2071 Chaitra]

LC OSCILLATION
ns
ilia

THEORY QUESTIONS

iv

EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

C

1. Derive a differential equation for LC oscillation. Show that the maximum values of electric
and magnetic energies stored in LC circuit is equal. [2077 Chaitra OR]
-

2. How forced E-M oscillation is set up? Write the differential equation with its solution of such
78

oscillation. And hence discuss about resonance curve and significance of Quality factor.
[2075 Bhadra]
3. Derive the resonance condition in an LCR circuit. Briefly explain the quality factor and hence
show the quality factor will be higher if the band width of the circuit is lower.
[2075 Baisakh Back]
4. What is a damped em oscillation? Which factor in the circuit is responsible to produce such a
motion? Derive a differential equation for this motion and write its solution. What will be the
remedy of such motion to make it smooth? [2075 Baisakh Back OR]
5. Derive a differential equation for LC oscillation. Show that the maximum value of electric
and magnetic energies stored in LC circuit is equal. [2074 Bhadra OR]
6. Discuss about the damped electromagnetic oscillation. Find the expression for damped
frequency. Also discuss about over damping, critical damping and under damping conditions.
[2073 Magh Back OR]
7. What is em oscillation? Derive the differential equation of forced em oscillation. Hence find
its resonance frequency. [2073 Bhadra OR]
8. Derive a relation for current flopping in the circuit containing a resistor, an inductor and a
capacitor in series with a sinusoidally varying emf. Find the condition for current response.
[2072 Magh Back OR]
9. Define forced electromagnetic oscillation and derive its differential equation. Also derive the
expression for resonant frequency. [2072 Ashwin OR]
10. Obtain an expression for current in a driven LCR circuit and discuss how the current leads or
lags the applied voltage in phase:
a) When the net reactance in circuit is inductive and
b) When the reactance in circuit is equal to resistance. Illustrate it with the help of a figure.
[2071 Bhadra OR]
11. Define the quality factor (Q). Derive a relation of quality factor (Q) from the damped
harmonic motion and show that the quality factor (Q) is inversely proportional to damping
constant (b). [2070 Bhadra OR]
12. Derive a differential equation of LC oscillation. With the solution of this equation, show that
the maximum value of electric and magnetic energies stored in LC circuits is equal.
[2069 Bhadra]
13. Derive the differential equation for damped LCR oscillation. Obtain an expression for current

RC
and frequency of oscillation. [2068 Bhadra OR]
14. Obtain differential equation for forced oscillation. Write its solution. Explain the statement
“quality factor (Q) is a measure of the sharpness of resonance in the case of a driven
oscillator”. -W [2067 Chaitra Back OR]
15. Derive the differential equation of the forced oscillation of LCR circuit with ac source and
find the expression for the current amplitude. [2067 Mangsir OR]
ns

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

ilia

1. Develop a differential equation of forced oscillations in LCR series circuit and find an
expression for resonant frequency. [2078 Bhadra OR]
iv

2. What is damped oscillation? Develop a relation for damped frequency in LCR oscillation.
Hence discuss the underdamped, overdamped and critically damped oscillations.
C

[2076 Chaitra OR]

3. Give the necessary theory of forced electromagnetic oscillation and deduce the condition for
-
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resonance amplitude in LCR series circuit with ac source. [2076 Ashwin Back OR]
4. What is a damped EM oscillation? Which factor in the circuit is responsible to produce such a
motion? Derive a differential equation for this motion and write its solution. What will be the
remedy of such motion to make it smooth? [2075 Chaitra OR]
5. Describe LC oscillation qualitatively by using necessary circuits and graph.[2074 Chaitra OR]
6. What is LC oscillation? Derive the differential equation of free oscillation and compare its
solution with mass spring system. [2074 Ashwin Back]
7. Prove that LC circuit is an analogy of spring mass system. Hence prove that maximum energy
stored in the capacitor is equal to maximum energy stored in inductor. [2073 Chaitra OR]
8. Define sharpness of resonance. Derive the relation for current amplitude of forced e-m
oscillation. [2073 Shrawan Back OR]
9. Prove that LC circuit is an analogy of simple harmonic motion and hence prove that
maximum energy stored in electric field is equal to maximum energy stored in magnetic field.
[2072 Chaitra OR]
10. Compare the damped and forced LCR oscillation. Derive the differential equation of forced
em-oscillation and compare it with driven mechanical oscillation. [2072 Kartik Back OR]
 11. Prove that LC circuit is an analog of simple harmonic motion and hence show that maximum
energy in capacitor is equal to maximum energy in inductor. [2071 Chaitra OR]
12. What is resonance? Formulate the differential equation of forced electromagnetic oscillation.
Then determine the expression for resonant frequency. [2071 Shrawan Back OR]
13. Distinguish between free and forced vibrations. Write the differential equation of forced
oscillation. Determine the amplitude of oscillation for forced oscillation and hence explain
sharpness of the resonance. [2070 Chaitra]
14. Give the necessary theory of forced vibration and deduce the condition for resonance
amplitude. [2070 Ashad Back OR]
15. Show that the fractional change in frequency of damped oscillation is 1/8Q 2 where Q is
quality factor. [2070 Ashad Back OR]
16. Derive a differential equation for LC oscillation. Show that the maximum value of electric
and magnetic energies stored in LC circuit is equal. [2069 Chaitra OR]
17. What is electromagnetic oscillation? Derive differential equation of damped LCR oscillation
and find its frequency. [2069 Ashad Back OR]
18. Derive the differential equation of the forced oscillation of LCR circuit with an AC source
and find the expression for the current amplitude. Hence explain the condition of current

RC
resonance in such circuit. [2068 Chaitra OR]
19. LC oscillations are called em oscillations, why? Derive the differential equation for damped
electromagnetic oscillations and find the amplitude and frequency of that oscillations.
-W [2068 Baisakh OR]

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
ns

 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

ilia

1. A circuit has L = 1.2 mH, C = 1.6 μF and R = 1.5 Ω. (a) After what time t will the amplitude
of the charge oscillations drop to one half of its initial value. (b) To how many periods of
oscillations does this correspond? [2071 Bhadra]
iv

2. A 2μF capacitor is charged up to 50 Volt. The battery is disconnected and 50mH is connected
across the capacitor so that the LC oscillation occurs. Calculate the maximum value of the
C

current in the circuit. [2070 Magh Back]

-
78

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A 2μF capacitor is charged upto 50V. The battery is disconnected and 50mH coil is connected
across the capacitor so that LC oscillation to occur. Calculate the maximum value of the
current in the circuit. [2070 Chaitra]
 WAVE MOTION

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Show that the wave equation of a transverse wave in a string is

d2 y 1 d2 y F
= , where v= √ , where μ = mass per unit length [2075 Baisakh Back]
dx2 v2 dt2 μ
2. Write a plane progressive wave equation for a wave propagating along the +ve x-axis. Prove
the following relations:
i) Particle velocity at a point = - (Wave velocity) × (Slope of the displacement curve at
that point)

RC
ii) Particle acceleration at a point = (Wave speed) 2 × (Curvature of the displacement
curve at that point) [2072 Magh Back]
3. In the progressive wave show that the potential energy and kinetic energy of every particle
-W
will change with time but the average energy per unit volume remains constant.
[2070 Magh Back OR]
4. Prove that if a transverse wave is travelling along a stretched string, the slope at any point of
the string is numerically equal to the ratio of the particle speed to the wave speed at that point.
ns

[2068 Bhadra]
5. Derive a relation for speed, transverse wave in a stretched string and show that the average
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rate of energy transfer is 1/2 μvw2A2, Where the symbols are having usual meanings.
[2067 Chaitra Back]
iv

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

C

1. Write down the characteristics of simple harmonic progressive wave. Derive an expression of
energy of a progressive wave. [2076 Ashwin Back]
-
78

2. Define transverse wave. Develop a differential equation of the wave in a stretched string and
then find the velocity of transverse wave. [2074 Chaitra]
3. Prove that if a transverse wave is travelling along a stretched string, the slope at any point of
the string is numerically equal to the ratio of the particle speed to the wave speed at that point.
[2069 Chaitra]
4. In the progressive wave, show that the potential energy and kinetic energy of every particle
will change with time but the average energy per unit volume and P.E. per unit volume
remains constant.
[2069 Ashad Back]
5. Prove that if a transverse wave is travelling along a stretched string, the slope at any point of
the string is numerically equal to the ratio of the particle speed to the wave speed at that point.
[2068 Baisakh]
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A rod vibrating at 12Hz generates harmonics waves with amplitude of 1.5 mm in a string of
linear mass density 2 gm/m. If the tension in the string is 15N, what is the average power
supplied by the source. [2074 Bhadra]
2. A mass of 2 kg is suspended from a spring of spring constant 18 N/m. If the undamped
frequency is 2/√3 times the damped frequency, what will be the damping factor?
[2073 Bhadra]
3. A source of sound has frequency 512 Hz and amplitude of 0.50 cm. Calculate the energy flow
across a square of unit area per sec. The velocity of sound in air is 332m/s and density of air is
1.29 kg/m3. [2072 Ashwin]
4. The speed of transverse wave on a string is 170 m/s when the string tension is 120 N. To what
value must the tension be changed to raise the wave speed to 180 m/s? [2071 Magh Back]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

RC
1. A string has linear density 525gm/m and tension 45N. When a sinusoidal wave of frequency
120Hz and amplitude 8.5mm is sent along the string, at what average rate does the wave
transport energy. -W [2078 Bhadra]
2. A spring is stretched by 5cm when a load of 1kg is suspended to the lower end (upper end of
spring is fixed). What will be the maximum velocity of object if it is pulled down further by
5cm from equilibrium position and then released? [2076 Ashwin Back]
ns
3. Calculate the average amplitude of a sinusoidal sound wave in air of a frequency of 1.5 kHz
and average intensity 10-5W/cm2, where density of air is 1.29kg/m3. [2075 Ashwin Back OR]
ilia

4. A source of sound has frequency 256 Hz and amplitude of 0.50 cm, calculate the energy flow
across a square cm per sec. The velocity of sound in air is 330m/s and density of air is 1.29
kg/m3. [2072 Chaitra]
iv

5. A string has a linear density of 625 gm/m and is stretched with a tension 50N. A wave, whose
frequency and amplitude are 160Hz and 10mm respectively, is travelling along the string. At
C

what average rate is the wave transporting energy along the string? [2071 Shrawan Back]
6. The elastic limit of steel forming a piece of wire is equal to 2.70×10 8 Pa. What is the
-

maximum speed at which transverse wave pulses can propagate along this wire without
78

exceeding this stress? (density of steel = 7.89×103 kg/m3) [2070 Chaitra]

7. A 750g block oscillates on the end of a spring whose force constant, k=56N/m. The mass
moves in a fluid which offers a resistive force F = -bv, where b = 0.162Ns/m. What is the
period of oscillation? [2068 Chaitra]
8. A rod vibrating at 12Hz generates harmonics waves with amplitude of 1.5 mm in a string of
linear mass density 2 gm/m. If the tension in the string is 15N, what is the average power
supplied by the source. [2068 Shrawan Back]
 ACOUTICS

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. What is piezo-electric effect? How is it used for the production of ultrasonic? [2077 Chaitra]
2. What is ultrasound? How these waves are produced? Write the fields of major application of
ultrasound. [2075 Baisakh Back]
3. What are basic conditions for acoustics of buildings? Derive Sabine’s reverberation formula
and also write its two importances. [2074 Bhadra]
4. Define reverberation time. Derive Sabine’s formula for reverberation time. [2073 Magh Back]
5. What is Ultrasound? How these waves are produced? Differentiate such waves from ordinary

RC
sound wave. [2070 Bhadra]
6. Write down the requirements for a good acoustic hall and derive a relation for the
reverberation time. [2067 Chaitra Back]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

-W
1. What is meant by reverberation time? Derive the relation of Sabine’s formula. Also explain
ns
the growth and decay of sound in a hall. [2078 Bhadra]
2. Mention the conditions for good acoustics of a hall and derive an expression for reverberation
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time. [2075 Chaitra]

3. Give an account of bad acoustic properties of a hall and discuss the method to improve these
defects. [2075 Ashwin Back]
iv

4. What is piezoelectric effect? Describe the construction of piezoelectric oscillator for the
production of ultrasonic waves. [2074 Ashwin Back]
C

5. What are the measures of good acoustic building? Show that the reverberation time decrease
with increase in absorbing factors in a hall. [2073 Shrawan Back]
-

6. Write some features of acoustically good auditorium. Derive Sabine’s formula.

78

[2072 Kartik Back]

7. Why is it important to study the reverberation time, before the construction of a Cinema Hall?
Derive a relation for reverberation time based on absorption coefficient, volume and surface
area of the hall. [2071 Shrawan Back]
8. Derive a necessary equation for reverberation time and mention the factors affecting the
acoustics of building. [2068 Shrawan Back]

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. The volume of a hall is 475 m3, the area of the wall is 200 m2, areas of the floor and ceiling
each is 100 cm2. If the absorption coefficients of the wall, ceiling and floor are 0.03, 0.04 and
0.05 respectively, find the reverberation time for the hall. [2073 Bhadra]
2. The volume of a room is 980 m . The wall area of the room is 150 m , ceiling area 95 m2 and
3 2

floor area is 90 m2. The average sound absorption coefficients for wall ceiling and floor are
 respectively 0.03, 0.8, and 0.06. Derive Sabine’s relations in acoustics and calculate
reverberation time using above data. [2071 Magh Back]
3
3. Calculate the reverberation time for a hall of volume 1400 m , which has seating capacity of
110 persons with full capacity of audience and when audience are occupying only cushioned
seats. The relevant data for the hall are:

SN Surface Area (m2) Coefficient of absorption

1 Plastered Wall 98 0.03
2 Plastered Ceiling 144 0.04
3 Wooden Door 15 0.06
4 Cushioned Chairs 88 1.00
5 Audience 150 4.70
[2071 Bhadra]
4. Calculate the reverberation time in a hall measuring 40*10*20 ft with the following
parameters (i) 7500 sq.ft of plaster, α1=0.03 (ii) 400 sq.ft of glass, α2=0.025 (iii) 6000 sq.ft pf
wood and floor etc., α3=0.06 (iv) 600 seats α4=0.03 and (v) audience of 500 persons, α5=4.0
person. [2070 Magh Back]

RC
5. How much acoustic power enters the window of area 1.58m2, through the sound wave
(standard intensity level 10-16W/cm2)? The window opens on a street where the street noise
results in an intensity level at the window of 60dB. [2069 Bhadra]
3 2
6. The volume of a room is 600m , wall area of room is 220m , the floor and ceiling area each is
-W
120m2. If the average absorption coefficient for walls is 0.03, for ceiling is 0.80 and for floor
is 0.06, calculate average absorption coefficient and reverberation time. [2068 Bhadra]
7. Calculate the minimum intensity of audibility in watts per square cm from a note of 1000 Hz
ns
if the amplitude of vibration is 10-9cm. Given density of air is 0.0013 gm/cc and velocity of
sound in air is 340m/s. [2067 Mangsir]
ilia

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

iv

1. The reverberation time for an empty hall is 1.5 sec. With 500 audiences present in the hall,
the reverberation time falls to 1.4 sec. Find the number of persons present in the hall if the
C

reverberation time falls to 1.312 sec. [2076 Chaitra]

3
2. A reverberation time of 2.3 sec is observed in a hall of volume 5500 m . The sound absorbing
-

surface of the hall has an area of 750 m2. Calculate the average absorption coefficient.
78

[2074 Chaitra]
3. A room has dimensions of 6×4×5m. Find (a) the mean free path of the sound wave in the
room (b) the number of reflections per second made by sound wave with the walls of the
room. (Given, velocity of sound in air is 330ms-1). [2073 Chaitra]
4. The volume of a small hall in BICC is 900m3. The wall area of the hall is 150 m2, ceiling area
90 m2 and floor area is 95 m2. The sound absorption coefficient for wall is 0.04, for ceiling is
0.04 and for the floor is 0.08. Calculate the average sound absorption coefficient and
reverberation time. [2071 Chaitra]
5. The reverberation time for an empty hall is 1.5 sec. With 500 audiences present in the hall,
the reverberation time falls to 1.4 sec. Find the number of persons present in the hall if the
reverberation time falls to 1.312 sec. [2070 Ashad Back]
6. The time of reverberation for an empty hall is 1.5 sec with 500 audiences present in the hall;
the reverberation time falls to 1.4 sec. Find the no. of persons present in the hall if the
reverberation time falls to 1.312 sec [2069 Chaitra]
7. A room has dimensions of 6×4×5m. Find:
i) Mean free path of sound wave in the room
 ii) The number of reflections made per second made by the sound waves with the walls of the
room. (Tale velocity of sound in air=350ms -1). [2068 Chaitra]
8. The time of reverberation of an empty hall and with 500 audiences in the hall is 1.5 sec and
1.4 sec respectively. Find the reverberation time with 800 audiences in the hall. [2068
Baisakh]

LENSES

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Define cardinal points of a coaxial lens system. Find the equivalent focal length for the
combination of two coaxial thin lens of focal length ‘f 1’ and ‘f2’ separated by a distance ‘d’.

RC
[2075 Bhadra]
2. Derive the expression for the equivalent focal length of two thin lenses having focal lengths f 1
and f2 separated by a distance d. Also find the position of principal points.
-W [2073 Bhadra]
3. What is chromatic aberration? Show that longitudinal chromatic aberration is equal to (i) ω×f,
ω×v2
when object is at infinite and (ii) ,when object is at finite, Where symbols have their
f
ns
usual meaning. [2072 Magh Back]
4. What is meant by cardinal points of a lens? Derive the formula for equivalent focal length of
two thin lenses place coaxially in air and separated by finite distance. [2072 Ashwin]
ilia

5. What are coaxial optical system and cardinal points? State their properties and show their
positions in a diagram. Illustrate the use of these points in the formation of an image by a lens
system. [2071 Magh Back]
iv

6. Prove that the condition for achromatism for the combination of two lenses of focal length f 1
C

and f2 having dispersive power w1 and w2 placed a separation x is

w1 w2 x
+ = (w +w )
f1 f2 f1 f2 1 2
-
78

Also prove that the separation between the lenses is equal to the focal length if f 1 = f2.
[2071 Bhadra]
7. Show that the least possible distance between an object and its real image in a convex lens is
four times the focal length of the lens. [2070 Magh Back]
8. Explain circle of least confusion. Show that the diameter of a circle of least confusion is
independent of the focal length of a lens. [2069 Bhadra]
9. Two thin lenses of power P1 and P2 are separated by a distance d. Find an expression to show
that equivalent power of the combination is given as P = P 1 + P2 – dP1P2. [2068 Bhadra]
1
10. Define circle of least confusion and show that d= 2 WD.
Where
d = diameter of circle of least confusion
W = dispersive power
D = diameter of lens aperture [2067 Mangsir OR]
11. Explain chromatic aberration. Show that the longitudinal chromatic aberration is equal to the
product of dispersive power and mean focal length of a lens. [2067 Chaitra Back OR]
  ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. What is chromatic aberration? Derive an expression for the condition of achromatism of two
thin lenses in contact. [2078 Bhadra]
2. Calculate the focal length of combination of two thin lenses of focal length f1 and f2 separated
by a distance ‘d’. Find the position of two principal points. [2075 Ashwin Back]
3. In Ramsden’s eyepiece a coaxial lens system is used. There are two lenses in air and are of
equal focal length separated by a distance 2f/3. Find positions of the cardinal points.
[2074 Ashwin Back]
4. What is chromatic Aberration? Show that a single lens is always accompanied with such
aberration. Discuss in brief how can we minimize chromatic Aberration in the combination of
lenses. [2073 Chaitra]
5. Show that the diameter of circle of least confusion depends on the diameter of lens aperture
and dispersive power of the material of the lens but is independent of the focal length of the
lens. [2070 Chaitra]
6. What are cardinal points of an optical system? Determine the equivalent focal length of a

RC
combination of two thin lenses separated by a finite distance. [2069 Chaitra]
7. Prove that the condition for achromatism for the combination of two lenses of focal length f 1
and f2 having dispersive power ω1 and ω2 placed a separate distance x is (ω1/f1) + (ω2/f2) =
(x/f1f2) (ω1+ω2). -W [2068 Chaitra]
8. Show that the diameter of circle of least confusion depends on the diameter of lens aperture
and dispersive power of the material of the lens but is independent of the focal length of the
lens. [2068 Baisakh]
ns
ilia

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS
iv

1. A thin convex lens of focal length 15cm and a thin concave lens of focal length 10cm are
C

arranged on a common axis at a distance of 10cm apart. Find the focal length of combination
and position of principle point. [2077 Chaitra]
-

2. It is desired to make a converging achromatic lens of mean focal length 30 cm by using two
78

lenses of materials A and B. If the dispersive power of A and B are in the ratio 1:2. Find the
local length of each lens. [2075 Baisakh Back]
3. Two thin lens of focal length f1 and f2 separated by a distance d have equivalent focal length
50 cm. The combination satisfies the conditions for no chromatic aberration and minimum
spherical aberration. Find the value of f1, f2 and d. Assume that both the lens are the same
material. [2074 Bhadra]
4. Two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 0.2m and 0.3m are placed coaxially 0.10m apart
in air. An object is located 0.6m in front of the lens of smaller focal length. Find the position
of the two principal points and that of image. [2073 Magh Back]
5. Two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 0.2m and 0.3m are placed coaxially 0.1 m apart
in air. An object is located 0.6 m in front of the lens of smaller focal length. Find the position
of the principal points and that of image. [2070 Bhadra]
6. Two similar thin convex lenses of focal length 10cm each are placed co-axially 5cm apart.
Find the equivalent focal length and the position of principal points. Also find the position of
the object for which the image is formed at infinity. [2067 Mangsir]
  ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A coaxial lens system placed in air has two lens of focal length 36cm & 12cm separated by a
distance 24cm. Find the position of the cardinal points. [2076 Chaitra]
2. Two thin lenses of focal lengths f 1 and f2 separated by a distance d have an equivalent focal
length 0.3m and both lenses are of same material. The combination of lenses satisfies the
condition of achromatism and minimization of spherical aberration. Find the value of f 1 and
f2. [2076 Ashwin Back]
3. Dispersive powers for crown and flint glass lenses are 0.015 and 0.030 respectively. How can
you design an achromatic contact of the lenses of focal length 50 cm? [2075 Chaitra]
4. Two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 30 cm and 40 cm respectively are placed co-
axially in air separated by a distance of 20 cm. An object is placed 40 cm in front of the first
lens. Find the position and nature of image. [2074 Chaitra]
5. Two thin lenses of focal length f1 and f2 separated by a distance having an equivalent focal
length 50 cm. The combination satisfies the condition for no chromatic aberration and
minimum spherical aberration. Find separation between the two lenses if both lenses are of

RC
same materials. [2073 Shrawan Back]
6. Two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 30 cm and 40 cm respectively are placed co-
axially in air separated by a distance of 20 cm. An object is placed 40 cm in front of the first
-W
lens. Find the position and nature of the image. [2072 Chaitra]
7. Two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 3 cm and 4 cm respectively are placed coaxially
in air separated by a distance of 2 cm. An object is placed at 4 cm in front of first lens. Locate
the positions of the principal points and final image. [2072 Kartik Back]
ns
8. Two thin lenses of focal lengths f 1 and f2 separated by a distance ‘x’ have an equivalent focal
length 30 cm and both lenses are of same material. The combination of satisfies the condition
ilia

of achromatism and minimum spherical aberration. Find the values of f1 and f2. [2071 Chaitra]
9. Two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 3 cm and 4 cm respectively are placed coaxially
in air and separated by distance of 2 cm. An object is placed 4 cm in front of first lens. Find
iv

the position of the nature of the image and its lateral magnification. [2071 Shrawan Back]
10. Two thin identical convex lenses of focal length 8 cm and each are coaxial and 4 cm apart.
C

Find the principal points and the position of object for which image is formed at infinity.
[2070 Ashad Back]
-

11. Two lenses of focal lengths 8cm and 4cm are placed at a certain distance apart. Calculate the
78

position of principal points if they form an achromatic combination. [2069 Ashad Back]
12. Two thin convex lenses having focal lengths 10cm and 4cm are coaxially separated by a
distance of 5cm. Find the equivalent focal length of the combination. Determine also the
positions of the principal points. [2068 Shrawan Back]

LASER

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Write down the characteristics of LASER and its use in holography. How semi conductor
laser is produced? [2075 Baisakh Back]
 2. What is population inversion? Explain why laser action cannot occur without population
inversion between atomic levels? Write a method for getting He-Ne Laser. [2074 Bhadra]
3. Explain why population inversion is required for laser operation, and explain how population
inversion is achieved in a four-level laser. [2071 Magh Back]
4. In He-Ne laser, the lasing action is due to Ne gas. Then what is the role of the gas in it?
Explain how the He-Ne laser works with a suitable energy level diagram on the basis of four
level scheme for its action. [2071 Bhadra]
5. What is principle of laser? Discuss how population inversion is carried out? With the help of
energy level diagram, explain how He-Ne laser works. [2069 Bhadra]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate between LASER and white light. Why the light in He-Ne laser is produced from
Neon and not from Helium? [2076 Ashwin Back]
2. What do you mean by population inversion and pumping? Describe the working of He-Ne
laser with the help of energy level diagram. [2073 Chaitra]
3. Explain the terms stimulated emission, population inversion, optical pumping and metastable.

RC
Explain working principle of He-Ne laser. [2073 Shrawan Back]
4. What is stimulated emission? Explain with a suitable energy level diagram, how He-Ne laser
works. [2071 Chaitra]
-W
5. What are active medium population inversion and optical pumping? Give the importance in
the study of LASER. Write a method for getting He-Ne LASER. [2070 Ashad Back]
6. What is population inversion? Explain why laser action cannot occur without population
inversion between atomic levels? [2069 Chaitra]
ns
7. Differentiate between spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation. Explain the
construction and working of He-Ne laser with a suitable energy level diagram. [2068 Chaitra]
ilia
iv

FIBER OPTICS
- C

THEORY QUESTIONS
78

 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. How optical fibres are classified? Discuss their characteristics features. Point out the
advantages of an optical fibre communication system. [2077 Chaitra]
2. Discuss the significance of numerical aperture (NA). How does it depend on refractive index
of cladding and core? [2075 Bhadra]
3. Define acceptance angle in optical fiber. Show that, Numerical Aperture (NA) = μ 1√2Δ ;
where μ1 is refractive index of core of optical fiber, Δ is fractional refractive index change.
[2073 Magh Back]
4. Define acceptance angle of an optical fiber. Derive the relation for numerical aperture (NA)
of the optical fiber. Also write down its significance. [2072 Ashwin]
5. What do you mean by Numerical Aperture and acceptance angle? Show that Numerical
Aperture (NA) is proportional to square root of fractional refractive index change.
[2070 Magh Back]
6. What is an optical fiber? How is it made? Write down the main differences between step
index and graded index multimode optical fibers with well diagrams. [2070 Bhadra]
 7. What is optical fibre? Discuss its types. Derive the relation for Numerical Aperture (NA) in
an optical fibre. [2067 Mangsir]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. What is fiber optics? Discuss the physics behind the optical fiber transmission. Derive an
expression for acceptance angle of an optical fiber. [2076 Chaitra]
2. Define an optical fiber and mention its types. Explain the numerical aperture and acceptance
angle for the optical fiber and derive the expression to establish a relationship between them.
[2075 Chaitra]
3. Trace the ray diagram that shows the propagation of light through the step and graded index
optical fiber. Write the importance of self-focusing in and optical fiber. [2075 Ashwin Back]
4. What is optical fiber? Explain numerical aperture and acceptance angle. Also compare the
attenuation property efficiency and cost of single mode and multimode optical fibers.
[2074 Chaitra]
5. Discuss the physical significance of numerical aperture (NA). How does it depend on
refractive index of core and cladding? [2074 Ashwin Back]

RC
6. What is an optical fiber? Show that Numerical aperture of an optical fiber is given by the
expression, NA = μ√2Δ, where the symbols carry their usual meanings. [2072 Chaitra]
7. Define acceptance angle and numerical aperture. In an optical fiber, show that Numerical
-W
Aperture (NA) = μcore√2Δ , symbols have their usual meanings. [2072 Kartik Back]
8. Write down the principle of optical fiber and show that numerical aperture (NA) = μ core√2Δ ,
where symbols have their own meanings. [2068 Shrawan Back]
ns

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
ilia

 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

iv

1. If the numerical aperture be 0.2441 and refractive index of core be 1.50, calculate the
refractive index of the cladding and acceptance angle in an optical fiber. [2073 Bhadra]
C

2. An optical fiber has a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.22. The core has refractive index 1.60.
Calculate the acceptance angle in water that has refractive index 1.33. Also, calculate the
-

critical angle at core cladding interface. [2072 Magh Back]

78

3. A glass clad fibre is made with core glass of refractive index 1.5 and cladding is doped to give
a fractional index difference of 0.005. Find (i) the cladding index (ii) The critical internal
reflection angle (iii) The external critical acceptance angle (iv) Numerical aperture (v)
Acceptance angle [2069 Bhadra]
4. A glass clad fibre is made with core glass of refractive index 1.5 and cladding is doped to give
a fractional index change of 0.005. Determine
(a) the cladding index,
(b) the acceptance angle and
(c) the numerical aperture [2067 Chaitra Back]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. An optical fiber has numerical aperture 0.22 and refractive index change 0.012. What are the
values of refractive index of core and cladding? [2078 Bhadra]
2. A glass-clad fibre is made with a core glass of refractive index 1.55 and the cladding is doped
to give a fractional index difference of 5.5×10-4. Determine (i) Cladding index (ii) the critical
 internal reflection angle (iii) the external critical acceptance angle and (iv) numerical aperture
(NA). [2071 Shrawan Back]
3. An optical fiber has a numerical aperture 0.22 and core of refractive index 1.62. Determine
the acceptance angle for the fiber in a liquid which has a refractive index of 1.25. Also,
determine the fractional refractive index change. [2070 Chaitra]
4. An optical fiber has a NA of 0.2 and a cladding refractive index of 1.59. Determine
acceptance angle for the fiber in water which has a refractive index of 1.33.[2069 Ashad
Back]
5. Calculate the refractive indices of the core and cladding materials of a fiber from following
data. Numerical Aperture (NA) – 0.22 and fractional refractive index change, Δ = 0.012.
[2068 Baisakh]

INTERFERENCE

RC
THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS
-W
1. What are Newton’s rings? Give the necessary theory for the determination of the wavelength
of monochromatic light using Newton’s rings method. [2077 Chaitra OR]
2. How Newton’s rings are differ from Haidinger fringers? Derive an expression for the
ns
diameter of bright rings in transmitted light. How can you obtain central fringe dark in this
system? [2075 Bhadra OR]
3. Show that fringe width of wedge shaped film is constant for a given wedge angle.
ilia

[2075 Bhadra]
4. Explain how Newton’s rings are formed and describe the method for the determination of
refractive index of liquid using Newton’s ring formula. [2075 Baisakh Back OR]
iv

5. Explain the circular nature of the Newton’s interference fringes. Show that square of radius of
the nth bright fringe of Newton’s ring due to reflected light is proportional to 2n-1.
C

[2074 Bhadra OR]

6. Explain the formation of Newton’s rings in reflected light. Prove that in reflected light the
-
78

diameters of dark rings are proportional to the square roots of natural numbers.
[2073 Magh Back OR]
7. Is it necessary that the interfering waves should have equal amplitude? Derive an expression
for condition of constructive and destructive interferences for reflected light in case of thin
transparent film of uniform thickness. [2073 Bhadra OR]
8. What are Newton’s rings? How can you determine the refractive index of given liquid using
Newton’s rings experiment? [2072 Magh Back OR]
9. What are the conditions for obtaining good sustained interference pattern? Discuss the
formation of interference fringes with monochromatic light in a thin wedge-shaped film in
reflected light. Obtain the expression for fringe width. [2072 Ashwin OR]
10. Derive an expression for nth dark ring of reflected system in Newton ring experiment. Also
show that the central of the Newton’s ring is dark. [2071 Magh Back OR]
11. What are Newton’s rings? Derive the relation for the diameter of bright rings. What is the
difference between the rings observed by reflected light and by transmitted light? Explain
how does the pattern appear when white light is used? [2071 Bhadra]
12. What is path difference and phase difference in interference? Explain why we have to make a
compensation in path difference in interference of light in parallel film in reflected system.
 Hence find out the condition for obtaining maxima in interference in the film by reflected
light. [2070 Magh Back OR]
13. Why colours are observed when soap bubble is exposed to sunlight? Show that the
λ
consecutive bright or dark fringes are observed when the thickness of the film increases by
2
in an inclined plane. [2070 Bhadra OR]
14. How are Newton’s Rings formed? How is the ring diameter and film thickness related? How
can Newton’s rings experiment be used to determine refractive index of a liquid?
[2069 Bhadra OR]
15. Explain the formation of Newton’s ring in reflected light. Prove that, in reflected light the
diameters of the dark rings are proportional to the square root of natural numbers and
diameter of the bright rings are proportional to the square root of odd numbers.[2068 Bhadra
OR]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. What do you mean by coherent sources? Derive necessary theory of interference due to

RC
wedge shape thin film. [2078 Bhadra]
2. What is Newton’s Ring? How can it be used to determine the refractive index of the liquid?
[2076 Chaitra OR]
3. Explain the formation of Newton’s Ring in reflected system of monochromatic light. Prove
-W
that in reflected light diameters of the dark rings are proportional to the square root of natural
numbers. [2076 Ashwin Back OR]
4. Why Newton’s interference fringes are circular? Derive an expression for radius of the
ns
Newton’s ring due to the transmitted light. [2075 Chaitra OR]
5. In newton’s ring experiment, “Central spot is dark in reflected system” and “Fringes get
ilia

closer as the no. of order increased” explain. Is it possible to make central spot bright in
reflected system? If so how? [2075 Ashwin Back OR]
6. What are constructive and destructive interference? Prove that the path difference for
iv

constructive interference is integer multiple of λ and that for destructive interference is odd
integer multiple of λ/2. [2074 Chaitra OR]
C

7. Explain how interference fringes are formed by a thin wedge shaped film examining by
normally reflected light. Derive a relation for the fringe width on such system of interference
-

fringes.
78

[2074 Ashwin Back OR]

8. Write down the conditions for interference of light. Give the necessary theory for the
interference in thin film due to reflected light. [2073 Chaitra OR]
9. Prove that interference in thin film of reflected and transmitted light are complementary to
each other. [2072 Chaitra OR]
10. What are the coherent sources of light? How such sources develop in lab? Show that the
square of diameters of the nth dark ring by the reflected light of Newton’s ring is directly
proportional to the natural number. [2072 Kartik Back OR]
11. What are Newton’s rings? How are they different from Haidinger fringes? Derive an
expression for the diameter of bright rings in transmitted light. How can you obtain central
fringe dark in this system? [2071 Chaitra OR]
12. What happens to the energy when waves perfectly cancel to each other in interference?
Derive the relations for thin film interference by reflected light. [2071 Shrawan Back OR]
13. Show that the diameters of the Newton’s rings when two surfaces of radii R1 and R2 are
placed in contact are related by the relation (1/R1)+(1/R2) = (4nλ/d2n), where n is the integer
number of the fringes. [2071 Shrawan Back OR]
 14. What are Newton’s rings? How can you use these rings to determine the refractive index of a
given liquid? [2070 Chaitra OR]
15. What is interference? Explain the intensity distribution in interference with mathematical
treatment. [2070 Ashad Back OR]
16. Two coherent sources having constant phase δ but different amplitudes A1 and A2
superimpose, prove that the intensity of superimposed beam is I = A12 + A22 + 2A1A2cosδ.
[2069 Ashad Back OR]
17. Define interference. Show that interference in thin film due to reflected and transmitted lights
are complementary. [2068 Chaitra OR]
18. What are Newton’s rings? How can you determine the refractive index of given liquid using
Newton’s rings experiment? [2068 Chaitra OR]
19. Why are Newton’s rings circular? Discuss and derive the necessary theory of Newton’s ring
experiment for transmitted light. [2068 Shrawan Back OR]
20. What are Haidengers Fringes? Describe the interference phenomena in wedge shaped thin
film and determine the relation of path difference. [2068 Baisakh OR]

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS

RC
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS
-W
1. Interference fringes are produced with monochromatic light falling normally on a wedge
shaped film of cellophane with refractive index 1.4. The angle of the wedge is 40 seconds of
an arc and the distance between the successive fringes is 0.125 cm. Calculate the wavelength
ns
of light.
[2077 Chaitra]
2. A glass wedge of angle 0.1 radian is illuminated by monochromatic light of wavelength
ilia

6000Å falling normally on it. At what distance from the edge of the wedge, will the 10 th
fringe be observed by reflected light? [2073 Magh Back]
-5
3. White light falls normally on a film of soapy water of thickness 5×10 cm and refractive
iv

index 1.33. Which wavelength in the visible region will be reflected most strongly?
[2073 Bhadra]
C

4. When oil is introduced into the space between the lens and the plate in Newton’s
arrangement, the radius of 8th dark ring decreases from 1.8 mm to 1.64 mm. What is the
-
78

refractive index of the oil? Assume the refractive index of glass is greater than that of oil.
[2072 Ashwin]
5. In a double-slit experiment, the distance between slits is 5 mm and the slits are 1 mm from the
screen. Two interference patterns can be seen on the screen: one due to light of wavelength
480 nm, and the other due to light of wavelength 600 nm. What is the separation on the screen
between the third-order bright fringes of two interference patterns? [2071 Magh Back]
6. Two sources of intensities 4I and I are used in an interference experiment. Obtain the
intensities at points where the waves from two sources superimpose with a phase difference
π
of (a) 0 (b) (c) π [2071 Bhadra OR]
2
7. A parallel beam of light(λ=5890Å) is incident on a thin glass plate (μ=1.5) such that the angle
of refraction is 60°. Calculate the smallest thickness of the plate which will appear dark by
reflection. [2069 Bhadra]
8. A plano-convex lens of radius 300 cm is placed on an optically flat glass plate and is
illuminated by monochromatic light. The diameter of the 8th dark ring in the transmitted
system is 0.72 cm. Calculate the wavelength of light used. [2067 Mangsir]
 9. Newton’s rings are observed in reflected light of wavelength 5900Å. The diameter of the 10th
dark ring is 50mm. Find the radius of curvature of lens and thickness of air film.
[2067 Chaitra Back]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A plano-convex lens of radius 300 cm is placed on an optically flat glass plate and is
illuminated by monochromatic light. The diameter of the 8th dark ring in the transmitted
system is 0.72 cm. Calculate the wavelength of light used. [2076 Ashwin Back]
2. A soap film 5×10-5 cm thick is viewed at an angle of 35° to the normal. Find the wavelength
of the visible light which will be absent from the reflected light. [2075 Ashwin Back]
3. Newton’s rings formed by sodium light viewed normally. What is the order of dark ring
which will have double the diameter of 50thring? [2073 Chaitra]
4. Newton’s Rings arrangement is used with a source emitting two wavelengths λ1 and λ2. It is
found that the nth dark ring due to λ1 coincides with (n+1)th dark ring to λ 2. Find the diameter
of nth dark ring. (λ1 = 6×10-5 cm, λ2 = 5.9×10-5 cm radius of curvature of the lens R = 90 cm).
[2073 Shrawan Back]

RC
5. In a Newton’s ring experiment the diameter of the 10 ring changes from 1.40 cm to 1.27 cm
th

when a liquid is introduced between the lens and the plate. Calculate the refractive index of
the liquid. [2072 Chaitra]
6. Two glass plates enclosing a wedge-shaped air film touching at one edge are separated by
-W
wire of 0.03mm diameter at a distance of 15cm from the edge. Monochromatic light of
wavelength 600 nm from a broad source falls normally on the film. Calculate the fringe
width.
ns
[2071 Chaitra]
7. Light of wavelength 6000 A falls normally on a thin wedge shaped film of refractive index
ilia

1.4, forming fringes that are 2 mm apart. Find the angle of the wedge. [2070 Chaitra]
8. In a Newton’s ring experiment, the radius of curvature of the lens is 5cm and the lens
diameter is 20mm. (a) How many bright rings are produced? Assume that λ=589nm (b) How
iv

many bright rings would be produced if the arrangement were immersed in water (μ=1.33)?
[2069 Chaitra]
C

4
9. White light is incident on a soap film at an angle sin -1(5) and the reflected light on
-

examination by a spectrometer shows dark bands. The consecutive dark bands correspond to
78

wavelength 6.1 × 10-5cm and 6.0 × 10-5cm. If μ = 1.33 for the film, calculate its thickness.
[2069 Ashad]

DIFFRACTION

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. What are dispersive power and resolving power of a diffraction grating? Show that the
resolving power of a grating is proportional to the number of order. [2077 Chaitra OR]
2. Define diffraction of light. Show that the intensity of first maxima is 1/22 of the central
maxima. [2075 Bhadra OR]
3. Discuss Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit. Draw a curve indicating distribution of
intensity of diffraction patterns. Is there any fundamental difference between interference and
diffraction? Give the reasons. [2075 Baisakh Back OR]
4. Write the physical significance of dispersive and resolving power of grating. Also establish
the relation between them. [2074 Bhadra]
5. What are dispersive power and resolving power of a diffraction grating? Show that the
resolving power of a grating is proportional to the number of order. [2073 Bhadra OR]
6. What is the difference between the resolving and dispersive power of the plane transmission
grating? Show that both resolving and dispersive powers are directly proportional to order of
the spectrum. [2072 Magh Back]
7. Discuss and derive the necessary formula of the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern
due to single slit. [2071 Magh Back OR]
8. Explain the dispersive and resolving power of a diffraction grating. Prove that the ratio of
dispersive power to resolving power is equal to the ratio of half width of peak and wavelength
of incident light. [2071 Bhadra OR]
9. What are Resolving Power and dispersive power of a diffraction grating? Show that the
resolving power of a grating depends on the order and no of rulings of grating.

RC
[2070 Magh Back]
10. What is plane diffraction grating? How is it used to find the wavelength of a monochromatic
light experimentally? [2070 Bhadra OR]
11. Write down the physical meaning of dispersive power and resolving power of plane
-W
transmission grating. Show that both resolving and dispersive power have proportional
relation with the order of spectrum. [2068 Bhadra OR]
12. What is diffraction of light? Discuss the intensity distribution with special reference to
ns
diffraction of light in a single slit. [2067 Mangsir OR]
ilia

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Discuss the similarities & difference of Young’s double slit interference & single slit
iv

diffraction. Interrelate the discussion to explain the formation of spectra by diffraction in a

single slit.
C

[2076 Chaitra OR]

2. Show the intensity in the first and second order in a single slit diffraction reduced
-

approximately to 4.5% and 1.6% of central maxima. [2076 Chaitra]

78

3. Define dispersive and resolving power of a diffraction grating. Derive an expression for the
resolving power of the grating having N slits. [2075 Chaitra OR]
4. Explain the physical meaning of dispersive and resolving powers of a grating. Two spectral
lines have wavelength λ and λ+Δλ respectively where Δλ<<λ. Show that their angular
Δλ
separation Δθ in a grating spectrometer is Δθ= 2
, where ‘d’ and ‘m’ are grating
√( d ) -λ2
m
elements and no. of order respectively. [2075 Ashwin Back OR]
5. What is diffraction of light? Explain the dispersive power and resolving power of a diffraction
grating. Derive the relation and also relate them. [2074 Chaitra]
6. Prove that the intensity of first maxima is 4.54% of the central maxima in Fraunhoffer’s
single slit diffraction. [2073 Shrawan Back OR]
7. Write the physical meaning of dispersive power and resolving power of grating. Show that
resolving power is directly proportional to the total number of rulings on the grating.
[2073 Shrawan Back OR]
8. What is diffraction of light? Discuss the intensity distribution with special reference to
diffraction of light in a single slit. [2072 Chaitra OR]
 9. Explain the dispersive electric field power and resolving power of a diffraction grating.
Derive their expressions and relate them. [2071 Chaitra OR]
10. Discuss the phenomenon of Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit. Show that the relative
4 4
intensities of the successive maxima are 1: : …….. [2070 Chaitra OR]
9π2 25π2
11. Show that the intensity of primary maxima is 1.62% of central maxima in Fraunhoffer’s
single slit diffraction. [2070 Ashad Back OR]
12. Write the physical meaning of dispersive power and resolving power of plane transmission
grating. Show that the product of the total number of ruling and the order of the spectrum
gives the resolving power of the plane transmission grating. [2070 Ashad Back]
13. Show that the intensity of the first subsidiary maxima of Fraunhoffer’s diffraction at a single
slit is 4.5% of that of principal maxima. [2069 Chaitra OR]
14. Explain the dispersive and resolving power of a diffraction grating. Derive expressions and
develop a relation between them. [2068 Chaitra]
15. Show that the intensity distribution pattern of Fraunhoffer’s single slit diffraction is
sinα 2
I0 ( ) where symbols carry their usual meanings. [2068 Shrawan Back OR]
α

RC
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS
-W
1. A diffraction grating has 4000 lines per cm and is used at normal incidence. Calculate the
ns
dispersive power of the grating in the third order spectrum for the wavelength 500nm.
[2075 Baisakh Back]
2. What is the highest order spectrum which may be seen with monochromatic light of
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wavelength 600 nm by means of a diffraction grating with 4500 Lines/cm? [2074 Bhadra]
3. Light is incident normally on a grating 0.5cm wide with 2500 lines. Find the angles of
diffraction for the principal maxima of the two sodium lines in the first order spectrum,
iv

λ1 = 5890Å and λ2 = 5896Å. Are the two lines resolved? [2073 Magh Back]
C

4. A grating of width 2.8 cm has 6000 lines. What is the minimum difference in wavelength that
can be resolved in second order at 550nm? [2072 Ashwin]
5. A diffraction grating used at normal distance gives a green line λ=5400Å in a certain order
-
78

superimposed on the violet line λ=4500Å of the next higher order. If the angle of diffraction
is 10°, how many lines are there per centimeter in the grating? [2070 Magh Back]
6. Assume that the limits of the visible spectrum are arbitrary chosen as 430nm and 680nm.
Calculate the no. of rulings per millimetre of a grating that will spread the first-order
spectrum through an angle of 20°. [2069 Bhadra]
7. Light is incident normally on a grating 0.5cm wide with 2500 lines. Find the angles of
diffraction for the principal maxima of the two sodium lines in the first order spectrum, λ1 =
5890Å and λ2 = 5896Å. Are the two lines resolved? [2069 Bhadra]
8. In a grating the sodium doublet (5890Å, 5896Å) is viewed in third order at 30° to the normal
and is resolved. Determine the grating element and the total width of the rulings.
[2067 Chaitra Back]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. The spacing of atomic planes in a crystal is 3.1×10-10. When a monochromatic beam of X-ray
is incident on them at incident angle 82°30’ second order image is produced, calculate the
glancing angle for the 4th order image. [2078 Bhadra]
 2. A plane transmission grating of width 6 cm has 5000 lines/cm. Find the resolving power of
grating for second order spectrum and the smallest wavelength difference that can be resolved
for light of wavelength 5000 Å. [2076 Ashwin Back]
3. A plane transmission grating having 5000 lines/cm is used to obtain a spectrum of light from
a sodium lamp in the second order. Calculate the angular separation between the two sodium
lines whose wavelengths are 589 nm and 589.6 nm. [2075 Chaitra]
4. A diffraction grating used at normal incidence gives a line (540 nm) in a certain order
superposed on the violet line (405 nm) of the next higher order. How many lines per cm are
there in the grating if the angle of diffraction is 30°? [2074 Ashwin Back]
5. A grating with 250 grooves/mm is used with an incandescent light source. Assume visible
spectrum to range in wavelength from 400 to 700 nm. In how many orders can one see the
entire visible spectrum? [2073 Chaitra]
6. In a Fraunhofer Single slit diffraction, a convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed just after
a slit of width 0.6 mm. If a plane wave of wavelength 6000A° falls on slit normally, calculate
the separation between the second minima on either side of central maximum.[2072 Kartik
Back]
7. Calculate the minimum no of lines per cm in a 2.5 cm wide grating which will just resolve the

RC
sodium line 5890 Å and 5896 Å in second order spectrum. [2072 Kartik Back]
8. A grating with 250 grooves/mm is used with an incandescent light source. Assume the visible
spectrum to range in wavelength from 400 to 700 nm. In how many orders can one see the
entire visible spectrum? -W [2071 Shrawan Back]
9. A diffraction grating 3cm wide produced the second order at 33° with light of wavelength
600nm. What is the total number of lines on the grating? [2069 Chaitra]
10. Light of wavelength 600nm is incident normally on a slit of width 0.1mm. Calculate the
ns
intensity at θ=0.2°. [2069 Ashad Back]
11. A screen containing two slits 0.1mm apart is 1m from the viewing screen. Light of
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wavelength λ = 500 nm falls on the slits from a distant source. Approximately how far apart
will the bright interference fringes be seen on the screen? [2068 Shrawan Back]
-3
12. Light is incident normally on a grating of total ruled width 5 × 10 m with 2500 lines in all.
iv

Find the angular separation of the sodium lines in the first order spectrum. Wavelengths of
lenses are 589 × 10-9 m and 589.6 × 10-9 m. Can they be seen distinctly? [2068 Baisakh]
- C
78

POLARIZATION

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. What is double refraction? Explain how Nicol prism can be used as polariser and analyser?
[2075 Baisakh Back]
2. Show that coherent light waves represented by equation Ex = E1 sin (wt+δ)
Ey = E2 sin wt
Give rise generally to an elliptically polarised wave that can become linearly and circularly
polarised wave under special condition. [2074 Bhadra OR]
3. Describe how will you produce linearly, circularly and elliptically polarized light.
[2073 Magh Back OR]
4. What are retardation plates? Find out an expression to find the thickness of a retardation plate
that produces elliptically polarized light. [2073 Bhadra]
5. Differentiate between quarter wave plate and half wave plate. Use the reference of double
refraction to describe with diagram, how you distinguish positive and negative crystal.
[2072 Magh Back OR]
6. What do you understand by plane polarized and circularly polarized light? Describe how you
will produce circularly polarized light and distinguish it from unpolarized light.
[2072 Ashwin OR]
7. Derive the necessary formula for linearly, circularly and elliptically polarized light when light
is emerged out of the doubly refraction crystal. [2071 Bhadra]
8. What is double refraction? Show that a beam of plane polarized light is converted into
elliptically polarized light when it passes through a quarter-wave plate. [2070 Bhadra]
9. What is Nicol Prism? How is it constructed? Discuss some of it applications.
[2070 Magh Back]
10. What is double refraction? How can we experimentally distinguish between plane polarized,
circularly polarized and elliptically polarized light? [2069 Bhadra OR]
11. What is double refraction of light? Using the concept of double refraction, show that the plane

RC
polarized light and circularly polarized light are the special cases of elliptically polarized
light. [2067 Mangsir]
12. Define the term “optical activity”. Derive a relation for the specific rotation of any optically
active substance. Also write down its applications.
-W [2067 Chaitra Back OR]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

ns
1. What is double refraction of light? Using the concept of double refraction, show that the plane
polarized light and circularly polarized light are the special cases of elliptically polarized
ilia

light. [2076 Ashwin Back OR]

2. How can you distinguish the plane, circularly and elliptically polarized light by using nicol
prised and wave plate? [2074 Chaitra OR]
iv

3. What is double refraction? Explain how would you use the phenomenon to produce linear
polarized light and circularly polarized light? [2074 Ashwin Back OR]
C

4. Describe how will you produce linearly, circularly and elliptically polarized light. Explain
with mathematical equation. [2073 Chaitra OR]
-

5. What is polarization? Derive the relation for plane, elliptical and circular polarized light.
78

[2072 Kartik Back OR]

6. What is the principle of double refraction? Establish the relation for the production of
linearly, elliptically and circularly polarized light. [2071 Chaitra]
7. Define the polarization of light. Write its importance in different optical instruments. Derive
the relation for the thickness of quarter wave plate and half wave plate. [2071 Shrawan Back]
8. If the plane of vibration of the incident beam makes an angle of 30° with the optic axis,
compare the intensities of extraordinary and ordinary light. [2070 Chaitra]
9. What is double diffraction? Explain how Nicol prism can be used as polarizer and analyzer?
[2069 Chaitra OR]
10. Explain the phenomenon of double refraction. Describe the construction and action of Nicol
prism. [2069 Ashad Back OR]
11. What is double refraction? Discuss, how we can recognize that the given light is plane
polarized, circularly polarized, elliptically polarized or unpolarized. [2068 Baisakh OR]
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. The refractive indices for o-ray and e-ray are 1.65 and 1.55 when incident on retardation
plate. Calculate the thickness such that (i) the emergent ray is plane polarized. (ii) emergent
ray is elliptically polarized. (wavelength of light is 5893Å) [2077 Chaitra]
2. A Quarter wave plate is meant for λ0 = 5.893 ×10-5 cm. What phase retardation Φ will show
for λ = 4.358 ×10-5 cm? (Neglect changes of μ0 and μe with λ). [2075 Bhadra]
3. A sugar solution in a tube of length 200 mm produces an optical rotation 13°. The solution is
then diluted to (1/3) of its previous solution concentration. Find the optical rotation produced
by 35 cm long tube containing the diluted solution. [2072 Magh Back]
4. A beam of polarized light is sent into a system of two polarizing sheets. Relative to the
polarization direction of that incident light, the polarizing directions of the sheets are at angle
θ for the first sheet and 90° for the second sheet. If 0.1 of the incident intensity is transmitted
by the two sheets, what is θ? [2071 Magh Back]

RC
5. A 200mm long glass tube is filled with a solution of sugar, containing 15 gram of sugar in
100ml of water. The plane of polarized light, passing through the solution, is rotated through
25°17’. Find the specific rotation of sugar.
-W [2070 Bhadra]
6. A 200mm long tube containing 48cm3 of sugar solution produces an optical rotation of 11°
when placed in a polarimeter. If specific rotation of sugar solution is 66°, calculate quantity of
sugar contained in the form of solution. [2068 Bhadra]
ns
7. Calculate the thickness of (i) a quarter wave plate and (ii) a half wave plate given that μE =
1.553, μ0 = 1.544 and λ = 5×10-5cm. [2067 Chaitra Back]
ilia

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A 200mm long glass tube is filled with a solution of sugar, containing 15 gram of sugar in
iv

100ml of water. The plane of polarized light, passing through the solution, is rotated through
20°30’. Find the specific rotation of sugar.
C

[2078 Bhadra]
2. Two polarizing sheets are placed together with their transmission axes crossed. A third sheet
-

is inserted between them with its transmission axis at an angle of 45° with respect to each of
78

the other axes. Find the fraction of incident unpolarised light intensity transmitted by the
combination. [2076 Chaitra]
3. Calculate the specific rotation if the plane of polarization is turned through 30.5° traversing
25 cm length of 10% sugar solution. [2075 Chaitra]
4. Light of wavelength 580nm falls on a calcite crystal of certain thickness. The emerging light
is circularly polarized. What must be the thickness of such crystal? [2075 Ashwin Back]
5. A 30 cm long polarimeter tube containing 50 cm3 of sugar solution produces an optical
rotation 14.5° when placed on a polarimeter tube. If the specific rotation of sugar solution is
65°, calculate the quantity of sugar contained in the tube. [2074 Chaitra]
λ
6. Calculate the thickness of doubly refracting plate capable of producing a path differences of
4
between extraordinary and ordinary rays of wavelength 5890 Å. ( Use μ 0 = 1.53; and μe =
1.54) [2074 Ashwin Back]
7. A quartz crystal has refractive indices 1.553 and 1.544. Calculate the thickness of a quarter
wave plate for sodium light of wavelength 5890Å. [2073 Shrawan Back]
 8. A 200mm long tube and containing 48 cm3 of sugar solution produces an optical rotation of
11° when placed in a saccharimeter. If specific rotation of sugar solution is 66°, calculate the
quantity of sugar contained in the tube in the form of a solution. [2072 Chaitra]
9. A beam of plane polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light by passing it
through a crystal slice of thickness 3×10-5m. Calculate the difference in the refractive indices
of the two rays inside the crystal. Wavelength of light is 600nm. [2070 Ashad Back]
10. A 200mm long tube containing 48cm3 of sugar solution produces an optical rotation of 11°
when placed on a saccharimeter. If the specific rotation of sugar solution is 66°, calculate
quantity of sugar contained in the tube in the form of solution. [2068 Chaitra]
11. A 20cm long tube having sugar solution rotates the plane of polarization by 20°. If the
specific rotation of sugar is 66°, calculate the strength of the solution. [2068 Shrawan Back]
12. Plane polarized light is incident on a piece of quartz cut parallel to the axis. Find the least
thickness for which the ordinary and extraordinary rays combine to form plane polarised
light. Given, μ0 = 1.5442, μE = 1.5533, λ = 5 × 10-5cm. [2068 Baisakh]

ELECTRIC FIELD AND POTENTIAL

RC
THEORY QUESTIONS -W
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS
ns
1. Prove that electric field due to a short dipole at axial point is twice that at equatorial point.
[2077 Chaitra OR]
2. Derive an expression for the electric field intensity at a point on the axis of a positively
ilia

charged plastic ring. Also locate the point where the field is maximum. [2077 Chaitra OR]
3. How Gauss law is superior then Columb’s law? Show that the electric field on the axis of a
uniformly charged disk is equal to the electric field near an infinite plane of charge in limiting
iv

case. [2075 Bhadra]

C

4. Show that the motion of an electron constrained to move along the axis of a thin non
conducting ring of radius ‘a’ uniformly and positively charged with linear charge density λ is
simple harmonic if it is displaced at a small distance ‘x’ along the axis (x<<a) and released.
-
78

Hence find the oscillating frequency. [2075 Bhadra OR]

5. Define electric flux. Determine electric field due to an infinite line of charge.
[2075 Baisakh Back OR]
6. Two tiny conducting balls of identical mass m and charge q hang from non conducting
threads each of length L. Derive an expression for the equilibrium separation ‘x’ between the
balls assuming that the separation angle to be small. [2075 Baisakh Back OR]
7. What is dielectric constant? Prove the relation D ⃗⃗ = ε0 E
⃗ +⃗⃗⃗P , where symbols carry their usual
meanings. [2075 Baisakh Back OR]
8. What is quadrupole? Derive an expression of the electric field intensity at a point due to
quadrupole at axial line. [2074 Bhadra OR]
9. Find the expression for the electric field intensity at a point along the center perpendicular
axis of the charge disk and distance z from center. Extend this result in infinite charge disk.
[2074 Bhadra OR]
10. Derive an expression for the electric field and at a point P at a distance x from a circular
plastic disc of radius a along its central axis. Does this expression for E reduces to an
expected result for x>>a? [2073 Magh Back OR]
11. Calculate the potential at any point due to an electric dipole. Hence, find the potential on the
axial line. [2073 Magh Back OR]
12. What is quadrupole moment? Is it vector quantity? Derive an expression of electric field
intensity due to linear quadrupole at axial line. [2073 Bhadra OR]
13. What is electric flux? Is it scalar quantity? Use Gauss’s law to find the electric field strength
outside and inside of uniformly charge distributed conducting sphere of radius R.
[2073 Bhadra OR]
14. Define electric dipole. Charges of an electric dipole are replaced by identical charges; find the
electric field and potential at a point on its axial line. [2072 Magh Back OR]
15. Derive a relation for electric field at a point on the axis of a positively charged plastic ring.
Show that if an electron is constrained within the axis of ring, motion of electron will be
SHM. [2072 Magh Back OR]
16. Derive an expression of electric potential at point P due to dipole at a distance r from the mid-
point and makes and angle θ to axis dipole. Also discuss the electric potential when θ = 0°, θ
= 90° and θ = 180°. [2072 Ashwin OR]
17. What is Gaussian surface? Derive an expression for electric field intensity due to non-
conducting spherically symmetric charge distribution of radius R at a point (a) Outside (b)

RC
Inside the sphere by applying Gauss’s Law. [2072 Ashwin OR]
18. Find an expression for the electric potential due to ring of charge of radius “a” at a distance
“x” from the centre of the ring. Extend your result to calculate the electric field intensity at
that point. -W [2071 Magh Back]
19. A particle of charge –q and mass m is placed midway between two equal positive charges q0
of separation d. If the negative charge –q is displaced in perpendicular direction to the line
joining them and released. Show that the particle describes a simple harmonic motion and
ns
calculate its frequency of oscillation. [2071 Magh Back]
20. Define electric displacement vector. Develop a relation between electric displacement vector,
ilia

electric field and polarization. Also prove that induced charge in dielectric is always less than
free charge. [2071 Bhadra OR]
21. A dielectric sphere of radius R is charged uniformly. Obtain expression for electric field
iv

intensity (a) outside (b) at the surface and (c) inside the sphere [2071 Bhadra OR]
22. Derive an expression for the electric field intensity of any point in the axial line of a ring of
C

a
charge q. From your result show that electric field is maximum at x= , where a is the radius
√2
-

of the ring. [2070 Magh Back OR]

78

23. Obtain an expression for electric field at an axial distance x from the centre of the flat circular
disc of radius R that carries a uniform surface charge density σ. Extend your result to
calculate potential at distance x. [2070 Bhadra OR]
24. A thin ring made of plastic of radius R is uniformly charged with linear charge density λ.
Calculate the electric field intensity at any point at an axial distance Y from the centre. If
electron is constrained to be in axial line of the same ring, show that the motion of electron is
simple harmonic. [2070 Bhadra OR]
25. Define an electric dipole. How does a dipole behave in electric field? Obtain the conditions
for maximum torque and maximum potential energy in an electric field. [2069 Bhadra OR]
26. For the charge configuration of the figure, show that V(r) at a point P on the line assuming
1 q 2qa
r>>a is given by V= ( + )
4πε0 r r2

[2069 Bhadra OR]

27. A thin non conducting rod of finite length l carries a total charge q spread uniformly along it.
Show that the electric field at any point at a distance y from the centre of rod is 𝐸=
q 1
. Extend this result for infinite length.
4πϵ0 y
√l2 +4y2
[2068 Bhadra OR]
28. Find the potential at any point at an angle θ at a distance r from the centre of the short dipole.
What result do you obtain if the point is along axial line? [2068 Bhadra OR]
29. Find the electric field at a distance x above the centre of the flat circular disc of radius R
which carries a uniform surface charge density σ. Extend your result in the limit R → ∞.
[2067 Mangsir OR]
30. Show that the electric field due to a short dipole at a point on the axial line is twice as that of
a point on the equatorial line. [2067 Mangsir OR]
31. Differentiate between polar and non-polar dielectrics. Using Gauss’s law in dielectrics
establish relation of electric field with displacement vector and polarization vector. Hence
obtain the relation for free and induced charge in the dielectric. [2067 Mangsir]
32. What is electric Quadrupole? Finding an expression for electric potential at any point on an

RC
axial line at a distance ‘r’ from centre of short Quadrupole, show that electric field at that
point is inversely proportional to r 3. [2067 Chaitra Back OR]
33. A ring of radius ‘R’ is carrying a uniformly distributed charge ‘q’. Find an expression for

maximum.
-W
electric field at any point on the axial line. Locate the point at which electric field is
[2067 Chaitra Back OR]


ns
ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Define the term quadrupole. Derive the relation of the electric potential due to linear
ilia

quadrupole along its axial line. [2078 Bhadra OR]

2. Derive an expression for electric field intensity due to non-conducting spherically symmetric
charge distribution of radius R at point (i) inside sphere (ii) outside sphere by using Gauss
iv

law. Also write down the significance of Gaussian surface. [2078 Bhadra OR]
3. Two similar balls of mass m and charge q are hanging from silk thread of length l. These two
C

1/3
q2 l
balls are repelled by angle 2θ, prove that the separation of the balls as x= ( ) ,
-

2πεo mg
78

assuming θ is very small. [2078 Bhadra]

4. Define electric quadrupole and quadrupole moment. Hence, determine the expression for
electric field intensity due to the quadrupole at axial line. [2076 Chaitra OR]
5. State and prove the Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Apply this law to determine the electric field
intensity at a point inside the uniformly charged non conducting solid sphere.
[2076 Chaitra OR]
6. A ring shaped conductor with radius R carries a charge q uniformly distributed around it. Find
the electric field intensity at an axial point of ring at distance y from the centre.
[2076 Ashwin Back OR]
7. What is an electric Quadrupole? Derive an expression for the electric potential at any point in
the axial line at a distance ‘r’ from the centre of a short Quadrupole. Also, show that the
electric potential at that point is inversely proportional to r 3. [2075 Chaitra OR]
8. Discuss the modification of Gauss law due to presence of the dielectrics and derive a relation
among displacement vector, polarization vector and the electric field. [2075 Chaitra OR]
9. A particle of charge –q and mass m is placed midway between two equal positive charges q 0
of separation d. If the negative charge executes SHM between the positive charges, then
derive an expression for the time period of the oscillations. [2075 Chaitra]
10. Calculate the potential at a point due to a uniform line of charge of length L, at a distance D
from its one end which lies in the perpendicular line. [2075 Ashwin Back]
11. What is electrical dipole and dipole moment? Derive an expression of the electric field
intensity at a point due to dipole at equatorial line. [2074 Chaitra]
12. Define the three electric vectors E, P, D and develop a relation between them.
[2074 Chaitra OR]
13. What is electric dipole and dipole moment? Show that the electric field for a short dipole
drops inversely to cube of the distance at any point from the dipole on an axial line.
[2074 Ashwin Back OR]
14. What is electric quadrupole? Calculate potential for points on the axis of the quadrupole.
[2074 Ashwin Back OR]
15. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point P at an axial distance x from center of
the ring of radius ‘a’ and linear charge density λ. Hence develop the expression for electric
field intensity at the same point. [2073 Chaitra OR]
16. Prove that the electric field due to a short dipole at a point on axial line is twice that on the
equatorial line. [2073 Chaitra OR]
17. Derive the relation for potential at any point due to an electric dipole and show that no work

RC
is done in bringing a charge from infinity to dipole along the perpendicular bisector of the
dipole. [2073 Shrawan Back OR]
18. Determine the electric field at a distance z on the central axis from the center of a charged
ring. Also, find the maximum value of electric field.
-W [2072 Chaitra OR]
19. Calculate the potential at any point due to an electric dipole. Also, find the potential on the
axial line. [2072 Chaitra OR]
20. A thin ring made of plastic of radius R us uniformly charged with linear charge density λ.
ns
Calculate the electric field intensity at any point at an axial distance y from the centre. If
electron is constrained to be in axial line of the same ring, show that the motion of electron is
ilia

SHM. [2072 Kartik Back OR]

21. Define electric dipole. Determine the electric potential at any point at distance r from the
center of the dipole. [2071 Chaitra OR]
iv

22. Find the expression for the electric field due to a ring of charge of radius “a” at a distance “x”
from the center of the charged ring. [2071 Chaitra OR]
C

23. A particle of charge –q and mass m is placed midway between two equal positive charges q 0
of separation d. If the negative charge -q is displaced in perpendicular direction to the line
-

joining them and released. Show that the particle describes a SHM with a period
78

0 mπ3 d3
T=√ [2071 Shrawan Back OR]
qq0
24. Calculate electric field at any point in axial distance due to a dipole and a quadrupole. What
conclusion you can draw from your results? [2071 Shrawan Back OR]
25. Charges are uniformly distributed throughout the volume of an infinitely large cylinder of
radius ‘a’. Show that the electric field at a distance ‘r’ from the cylinder axis r < a is given by
ρr
E= where ρ is the volume charge density. [2071 Shrawan Back]
2ε0
26. Prove that electric field due to a short dipole at axial point is twice that at equatorial point.
[2070 Chaitra]
27. Give a general method to calculate electric field and potential due to continuous charge
distribution. Using your method, calculate the electric field at an equatorial distance y due to
a long charged rod having linear charge density λ. [2070 Chaitra]
28. What is electric quadrupole? Calculate the electric potential of a linear quadrupole of
separation 2z at an axial distance R from its center. [2070 Ashad Back OR]
29. A ring radius “R” is carrying a uniformly distributed charge “q”. Find an expression for
electric field at any point on the axial line. Find the point at which electric field is maximum.
[2070 Ashad Back OR]
30. A ring has a charge q uniform distributed in it. Derive an expression for the electric field at
any point on the axial line of the ring. Extend your result to find the potential.
[2069 Chaitra OR]
31. Write an expression for electric field at any point in the axial line of a charged ring. Using
this equation, calculate the electric field at any point in the axial line of a charged disk.
[2069 Chaitra]
32. A ring has a charge q uniformly distributed in it. Find the expression for the electric field at
any point on the axial line of the ring. Locate the point at which the field is maximum.
[2069 Ashad Back OR]
33. Prove that electric field due to a short dipole at axial point is twice that at equatorial point.
[2069 Ashad Back OR]
34. A particle of charge –q and mass m is placed midway between two equal positive charges q 0
of separation d. If the negative charge -q is displaced in perpendicular direction to the line
joining them and released, show that the particle describes a SHM with a period

RC
1
ε0 mπ3 d3 2
T= [ ] . [2069 Ashad Back]
qq0
35. Derive an expression for the electric field at a point P at a distance X from a circular plastic
-W
disc of radius a along its central axis. Does this expression for E reduces to an expected result
for x>>a? [2068 Chaitra]
36. Calculate the electric field due to a uniformly charged rod of length l at a point along its long
ns
axis at a distance ‘a’ from its nearest end. [2068 Chaitra]
37. For a given short electric dipole, show that the electric potential at any point at a distance r is
ilia

Pcosθ
V= , where θ is the angle made by r to the dipole and P is its dipole moment. Using
r2
above relation find an expression for resultant electric intensity at that point.
iv

[2068 Shrawan Back OR]

⃗,
38. State and explain Gauss law in electrostatics. Explain the meaning of three electric vectors P
C

⃗ and D
E ⃗⃗ . And show that D
⃗⃗ = ε0 E
⃗ +⃗⃗⃗P. [2068 Shrawan Back OR]
39. A particle of charge ‘–q’ and mass ‘m’ is placed midway between two equal positive charges
-

‘q0’ of separation ‘d’. If the negative charge (-q) is placed in perpendicular direction to the
78

line joining them and released, show that the particle describes a SHM with a period given by;
1
ε0 mπ3 d3 2
T= [ ] . [2068 Shrawan Back]
qq0
40. A thin ring made of plastic of radius R is uniformly charged with linear charge density λ.
Calculate the electric field at any point at an axial distance x from the centre. Show that the
motion of an electron is simple harmonic if electron is constrained to be in axial line of the
same ring provided that x << R. [2068 Baisakh OR]
41. If both charges of a dipole of charge Q and separation 2d are positive, show that the electric
2q
intensity at any point P at a distance r from the centre of such dipole for r>>d is E= .
4π3 ε0 r2
[2068 Baisakh OR]
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A neutral water molecule in its vapor state has an electric dipole moment of magnitude
7.1 × 10-30 C-m. If the molecule is placed in an electric field of 2.5 × 104 N/C. (i) what
maximum torque can the field exert on it? (ii) How much work must an external agent do to
turn this molecule end for end in this field? [2073 Magh Back]
2. If a disk of radius 2.5 cm has a surface charge density of 8.6 μC/m2 on its upper surface. What
is the electric field (i) at a surface of the disk and (ii) at a point on the central axis at a
distance 15 cm from the disk?
3. Two small, positively charged spheres have a combined charge of 5.0×10 -5C. If each sphere is
repelled from other by an electrostatic force of 1.0 N when the spheres are 2.0 m apart, what
is the charge on the sphere with the smaller charge? [2072 Ashwin]
4. Two similar balls each of mass m are hung from silk threads of length l and carry similar

RC
charges q. Assume that the angle made by each thread with vertical, θ is small. Show that
1/3
q2 l
x= ( ) , where is separation between the balls. Also calculate the charge q on the
2πεo mg -W
hung mass if l = 1.2 m, m = 20 g and x = 3 cm. [2071 Bhadra]
5. A spherical drop of water carrying a charge of 30 pC has a potential of 500 V and its surface
(with V = 0 at infinity). (a) What is the radius of the drop? (b) If two such drops of the same
ns
charge and radius combine to form a single spherical drop, what it’s the potential at the
surface of the new drop? [2070 Bhadra]
ilia

6. Charges of uniform volume density 3.2μC/m3 fill a non conducting solid sphere of radius
5cm. What is the magnitude of the electric field at (a) 3.5cm (b) 8cm from the centre of the
sphere? [2069 Bhadra]
iv

7. A spherical drop of water carrying a charge of 3 μC has a potential of 500V at its surface.
What is the radius of the drop? If two such drops of same charge and radius are combined,
C

what is potential of the single new drop formed? [2067 Mangsir]

-

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

78

1. An electric dipole consists of charges 10μC and -10μC separated by a distance of 1mm. What
is the maximum torque experienced by the dipole if placed in the uniform electric field of
intensity 400 V/cm? [2076 Ashwin Back]
2. Charge of uniform density ρ=3.2μC/m2 fills a non-conducting solid sphere of radius of 5.0cm.
What is the magnitude of the electric field a) at 3.5 cm b) 8.0 cm from the sphere’s center?
[2075 Ashwin Back OR]
3. Two large parallel plates are separated by a distance of 5cm. The plates have equal but
opposite charges that create an electric field in the region between the plates. An alpha
particle (q=3.2×10-19 C, m=6.68×10-27kg) is released from the positively charged plate, and it
strikes the negatively charged plate 2×10-6 sec later. Assuming that the electric field between
plates is uniform and perpendicular to the plates, what is the strength of electric field?
[2075 Ashwin Back OR]
4. Two point charges 6μC and -24μC are 18 cm apart in air. Locate the position of zero potential
on the line joining the charges. [2074 Ashwin Back]
5. Charge of uniform volume density ρ = 3.2 μC/m fill a non conducting solid sphere of radius
3

5cm. What is the magnitude of the electric field 3 cm from the sphere’s center? [2073 Chaitra]
 6. A plastic rod contains uniformly distributed Q charge. The rod has been bent in 120° circular
arc of radius ‘r’ as shown in figure below. Prove that the electric field intensity at the center
0.83Q
of bent rod is E= .
4πε0 r2

[2073 Shrawan Back]

7. Over certain region of space, the electric potential is v = 15x-3x2y+12yz2. Find the expression
for the x, y and z components of the electric field over this region. What is the magnitude of
the field at the point P that has coordinates (1,0,-2) m? [2072 Chaitra]

RC
2
8. The potential in a region between x = 0m and x = 6m is V = a + bx where a = 10 and b =
-7V/m. Determine (i) the potentials at x = 0m, 3m and 6m and (ii) the magnitude and
direction of electric fields at x = 0m, 3m and 6m. [2072 Kartik Back]
9. Two fixed charges 1.07 μC and -3.28 μC are 61.8 cm apart, where may a third charge be
-W
located so that no force acts on it? [2071 Chaitra]
10. What is the magnitude of the electric field at the point (3,2) m if the electric potential is given
by V = 2x+5xy+3y2 volts? What acceleration does an electron experience in the x-direction?
ns
[2069 Chaitra]
ilia

CAPACITORS
iv
C

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS
-
78

1. Mention the steps to calculate the capacitance of a capacitor. Derive the capacitance per unit
length of a cylindrical capacitor having inner radius a and outer radius b. [2077 Chaitra]
2. A capacitor of capacitance C is discharged through a resistor of resistance R. After how many
1
time constants is the stored energy 4 of its initial value? [2075 Bhadra OR]
3. Prove that the capacitance of a concentric spherical capacitor of radii a and b is C =
4πε0[b2/(b-a)] if outer plate is charged positively and inner sphere is earthed. [2075 Bhadra]
b2
4. Prove the capacitance of a concentric spherical capacitor of radii a and b is C=4πϵ0 [ ]. If
b-a
outer plate is positively charged and inner sphere is earthed. [2073 Magh Back]
5. If a parallel plate capacitor is to be designed to operate in an environment of fluctuating
temperature, prove that the rate of change of capacitance C with temperature T is given by
dC 1 dA 1 dx
= C[ − ], where symbol carries its usual meaning. [2073 Bhadra]
dT A dT x dT
6. Give general method of calculating capacitance of a capacitor. Use the method to calculate
capacitance of a spherical and a cylindrical capacitor. [2071 Magh Back OR]
 7. A capacitor of capacitance C is charged through a resistor. Obtain an expression for charging
current. Show the variations of current with time. How will you use the information to
calculate capacitance C? [2070 Magh Back OR]
8. A capacitor is made of two concentric spherical plates of radii a and b of inner and outer
spheres respectively. If outer plate is positively charged and inner sphere is earthed, prove
b2
that the capacitance of such capacitor is given as, C=4π𝜖0 [b-a ]. [2068 Bhadra]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Define capacitance. Give a general method to calculate capacitance of a capacitor. Find

expression for the capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor. [2076 Ashwin Back OR]
2. Explain how electric energy is stored in a capacitor and derive an expression for energy
density of electric field. [2075 Ashwin Back]
3. A cylindrical capacitor has radii ‘a’ and ‘b’. Show that half the energy stored lies within the
cylinder whose radius is r =√ab. [2074 Chaitra OR]
4. Derive the relation for rise and fall of current in charging and discharging of capacitor

RC
through resistor. Plot graphs between current and time and explain the figures.[2073 Shrawan
Back]
5. Write the general methods to calculate the capacitance of a capacitor and hence determine the
capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor of inner and outer radii ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively.
-W [2072 Chaitra]
6. Discuss the behaviour of dielectrics in a parallel plate capacitor. Based on Gauss law of
⃗⃗ = ε0 E
electrostatic in dielectric, show that D ⃗ +⃗⃗⃗P , where symbols have their usual meaning.
ns

[2072 Kartik Back OR]

7. Give general method of calculating capacitance of a capacitor. Use the method to calculate
ilia

the capacitance of a spherical capacitor. [2072 Kartik Back]

8. Give general method of calculating capacitance of a capacitor. Use the method to calculate
the capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor. [2071 Chaitra]
iv

9. A cylindrical capacitor has radii a and b. Show that half the stored electric potential energy
lies within a cylinder whose radius is r =√ab. [2071 Shrawan Back]
C

10. A cylindrical capacitor has radii a and b. Show that half the stored electric potential energy
lies within a cylinder of radius r =√ab.
-

[2069 Ashad Back]

78

11. A capacitor of capacitance ‘C’ is discharged through a resistor of resistance ‘R’. After how
many time constants is the energy stored becomes one fourth of initial value? [2068 Chaitra]

12. Prove that the capacitance per unit length of a cylindrical capacitor varies inversely with
logarithm of ratio of external and internal radii. Obtain an expression for energy stored per
unit volume in a parallel plate capacitor. [2068 Baisakh]

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A parallel plate capacitor contains two dielectric slabs (of equal dimensions) of dielectrics K 1
and K2 as shown in figure below (i) Find the capacitance in each case if A is the area of each
plate. (ii) If K1 = 2 and K2 = 3, what will be the ratio of capacitance in two cases.
[2075 Baisakh Back]
2. A parallel plate capacitor whose capacitance C is 13.5pF is charged by a battery to a potential
difference V = 12.5 V between its plates. The charging battery is now disconnected and a
porcelain slab (k=6.50) is supplied between the plates. (a) What is the potential energy of the
capacitor before the slab is inserted (b) What is the potential energy of the capacitor-slab
device after the slab is inserted? [2072 Magh Back]
3. The space between two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii b = 1.70 cm and a=
1.20 cm is filled with a substance of electric constant k = 23.5. A potential difference V =
73V is applied across the inner and outer shells. Determine (a) the capacitance of the device
(b) the free charge q on the inner shell. [2072 Ashwin]
4. A capacitor discharges through a resistor R. (a) After how many times constant (τc) does it
charge fall to one half of its original value? (b) After how many time constants does the stored
energy drop to half of its initial value? [2071 Magh Back OR]
2
5. The parallel plates in a capacitor, with a plate area of 8.5 cm and air filled separation of 3

RC
mm are charged by a 6 V battery. They are then disconnected from the battery and pulled
apart to a separation of 8 mm. Neglecting fringing, find (a) the potential difference between
the plates (b) the initial energy stored and (c) final energy stored. [2071 Bhadra OR]
6. A capacitor discharges through a resistor R. (a) After how many times constant (τc) does it
-W
charge fall to one half of its original value? (b) After how many time constants does the stored
energy drop to half of its initial value? [2071 Bhadra OR]
7. What will be the force per unit area with which plates of parallel plate capacitor attract each
ns
other if they are separated by 1mm and maintained at 100 V potential difference and electric
constant of the medium is unity. [2070 Magh Back]
ilia

8. Calculate the displacement current between the capacitor plates of area 1.5 × 10-2 m2 and rate
of electric field change is 1.5 × 1012 V/ms. Also find the value of displacement current.
[2070 Bhadra]
iv

9. A long cylindrical conductor has length 1m and is surrounded by a co-axial cylindrical

conducting shell with inner radius double that of long cylindrical conductor. Calculate the
C

capacitance for this capacitor assuming that there is vacuum in space between conductors.
[2069 Bhadra]
-

2
10. A parallel plate capacitor each of area 100cm has p.d. of 50V and capacitance of 100×10-6
78

μF. If a mica of dielectric constant 5.4 is inserted between plates, find the magnitude of
a) Electric field in mica
b) Displacement vector
c) Polarization vector [2067 Chaitra Back]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A parallel plate capacitor each of area 100cm2 has potential difference of 50V and capacitance
100pF, if a mica of dielectric constant 5.4 is inserted between plate, find the magnitude of
a) Electric Field Intensity
b) Displacement vector
c) Polarization vector [2076 Chaitra]
2. Two capacitors having capacitance 25μF and 5μF are connected in parallel and charged with
a 100V power supply. Calculate the total energy stored in the two capacitors.
[2074 Ashwin Back]
3. A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance of 100 μF, a plate are of 100 cm2 and a mica
dielectric. At 50 volts potential difference calculate (a) E in the mica (b) the free charge on
 the plates (c) the induced surface charge. [ Dielectric constant for mica, k = 5.4] [2073
Chaitra]
4. The space between two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii b = 1.70 cm and a =
1.20 cm is filled with a substance of electric constant k = 23.5. A potential difference V = 73
V is applied across the inner and outer shells. Determine (a) the capacitance of the device (b)
the free charge q on the inner shell. [2073 Shrawan Back]
5. A capacitor of capacitance C is discharging through a resistor of resistance R. After how
many time constants is the stored energy 1/8 of its initial value? [2070 Chaitra]

DIRECT CURRENT

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

RC
1. Discuss microscopic view of Ohm’s law and show that resistivity of a conductor is
independent of the external electric field. [2074 Bhadra OR]
2. Differentiate between semiconductors and super conductors. Discuss about critical magnetic
-W
field in superconductors. Also prove that superconductors are diamagnetic in nature.
[2073 Magh Back]
⃗
3. Obtain Ohm’s law in terms of J=σE, Explain why and how resistance of a conductor varies
ns

with temperature. Based on this information explain superconductor. Give at least two
characteristics of superconductors. [2070 Magh Back]
ilia

4. What are superconductors? How they differ from perfect conductors? Give basic properties
and uses of superconductors. [2069 Bhadra]
iv

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

C

1. Explain super conductivity and its types with examples. Write the difference(s) between super
conductor and perfect conductor. [2075 Ashwin Back]
-
78

2. What is superconductor? Explain critical magnetic field. Describe the characteristics of

superconductor. [2074 Ashwin Back OR]
3. Derive a relation resistivity of a conductor using microscopic view. From your result, explain
why resistivity of a conductor increase with necessary with increasing temperature.
[2073 Shrawan Back OR]
4. What are the current density and mobility? Explain the atomic view of the resistivity and
show that ρ = {m/ne2τ}, where symbols have their usual meanings. [2072 Kartik Back]
⃗
5. Derive an equation J=σE . Explain why resistivity of a conductor increases with increasing
temperature plot a graph between Rθ (Resistance at any temperature θ) and temperature.
Based on the graph, explain what are superconductor? How they differ from perfect
conductor? Describe the characteristics of superconductor. [2069 Chaitra]
6. Two copper wires of same length l and cross sectional area A and 2A are connected to a
battery. What will be the ratio of drift velocities when the wires are in (a) series and (b)
parallel.
[2068 Shrawan Back]
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A copper wire of cross-sectional area 5 × 10-6 m2 carries a steady current of 50A. Assuming
one free electron per atoms, calculate (i) Free electron density and (ii) average drift velocity.
Given, Density of copper = 8.9 × 103 kgm-3, Molar mass of copper = 64gm and Avogadro’s
number = 6.02 × 1023 mole-1. [2077 Chaitra]
2. A copper wire has cross-sectional area 3.31 × 10-6 m2 and carries a current of 10 A. What is
the drift speed of the electrons? (Density of copper = 8.95 gm cm-3 , Avogadro’s number NA =
6.02 × 1023 mol-1, molar mass of copper = 64 gm) [2075 Bhadra]
3. A p.d. of 1V is applied to a 30.5 m length of copper wire (diameter 0.02 inch), Calculate (i)
The current (ii) Current density (iii) The electric field strength (Given, Resistivity of copper is
1.7 × 10-8Ωm). [2075 Baisakh Back]
4. If copper coin has mass 3.11 gm, what is the total charge on the nucleus of the atoms in the
coin? Also find the number of protons inside the nucleus. Molar mass (M) = 63.5 gm/mole,
Avogadro number (NA) = 6.02×1023atom/mole. [2074 Bhadra]

RC
5. The super conducting state of a lead specimen has critical temperature 6.2 K at zero magnetic
field and the critical field is 6.4×104 A/m at 0 K. Estimate the critical field at 5K.
[2073 Bhadra]
6. A copper wire of cross-section area 3 × 10-6 m2 carries a steady current of 60A. Assuming one
-W
electron per atom. Calculate (i) free electron density and (ii) average drift velocity. Given,
Density of Cu = 8.9 × 103 kg/m3, Molar mass of Cu = 64 and Avogadro’s Number = 6.02 ×
1023 /mole. [2072 Magh Back]
ns
7. Calculate the (a) mean free time and (b) mean free path between collisions for the conduction
electrons in copper having electron density 8.4×1022cm-3 and resistivity 1.7×10-8Ωm. Charge
ilia

of electron = 1.6×10-19C, mass of electron = 9.1×10-31kg, effective speed of electron

1.6×106m/s. [2072 Ashwin]
8. Two conductors are made of the same material and have the same length. Conductor A is a
iv

solid wire of diameter 1 mm. Conductor B is a hollow tube of outside diameter 2 mm and
inside diameter 1 mm. What is the resistance ratio RA/RB measured between their ends?
C

[2071 Magh Back]

9. A copper strip 2.5 cm wide and 1.5 mm thick is placed in magnetic field B = 2.5 T
-

perpendicular to the plane of the strip and away from the reader. If a current of 250 A is set up
78

in the strip, what Hall potential difference appears across the strip? Charge density of copper
= 8. 4 × 1028/m3. [2070 Bhadra]
10. Calculate the relaxation time for the electrons of sodium atom. The number of atoms per cm 3
in sodium is 2.5×1022, and the electrical conductivity is 1.9 × 107 s/m. [2068 Bhadra]
11. What is the average time between collisions of free electrons in copper wire? At wt. = 63
g/mol, density =9 gm/cc and resistivity = 1.7 × 10-8 Ωm and NA = 6.02×1023 mol-1.
[2067 Mangsir]
12. A current of 1.2×10-10A exists in a copper wire (At. wt = 63 and density = 9gm/cc) whose
diameter is 2.5 mm. Assuming current to be uniform, calculate:
a) Current density
b) Electrical conductivity
c) Mobility of electrons [2067 Chaitra Back]
  ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. What is the average time between collisions of free electrons in copper wire? Given, atomic
weight=63gm/mol, density=9gm/cm3, resistivity=1.7×10-8Ωm and Avogadro’s no= 6.02×1023
mol-1. [2078 Bhadra]
2. If the carrier density of intrinsic Germanium at 300K is 2.29×10 13/cm3. Calculate the
resistivity at the same temperature given that electron & hole mobilities are 0.39m2v-1s-1 &
0.19m2v-1s-1 respectively. [2076 Chaitra]
3. Calculate the (i) mean free time and (ii) mean free path between collisions for the conduction
electrons in copper having electron density 8.5×1028/m3 and resistivity 1.7×10-8Ωm. Charge of
electron 1.6×10-19C, mass of electron 9.1×10-31kg, effective speed of electron 1.6×106m/s.
[2076 Ashwin Back]
4. Calculate the mean free time and mean free path between the collisions for the free electrons
in copper with number density of the electron 8.5×1028 m-3 and resistivity 1.7×10-8 ohm-m. (e
= 1.6×10-19C, me = 9.1×10-31kg and effective speed of the electron = 1.6×106m/s) [2075
Chaitra]
5. What will be the conductivity of sodium metal having atomic weight 22.9 and density 1.013

RC
gm/cm3? The relaxation time of sodium metal is 3×10-14 sec. [2074 Chaitra]
6. What will be the conductivity of sodium metal having electron density 2.5×10 28 m-3 and
relaxation time 3×10-14sec? [2073 Chaitra]
-W
7. Calculate the drift speed of electrons when 20 A current is supplied through a copper wire of
cross-sectional area 1 mm2 and electron density 1028 m-3. [2072 Chaitra]
8. Calculate the drift speed of electrons when 10 A current is supplied through a copper wire of
cross sectional area 1 mm2 and electron density 8.5×1028 m-3. [2071 Chaitra]
ns

9. The current density in a cylindrical wire of radius R = 2 mm and uniform cross-sectional area
is given by J = 2 × 105 Am2. What is the current through the outer portion of the wire between
ilia

radial distances R/2 and R? [2071 Shrawan Back]

10. A cylindrical resistor of radius 6 mm and length 2.5 cm is made of material that has a
resistivity 4×10-5 Ω.m. What are (i) The magnitude of the current density and (ii) the potential
iv

difference when the energy dissipation rate in the resistor is 2 Watt? [2070 Ashad Back]
-6 2
11. A copper wire of cross section area 5 × 10 m carries a steady current of 50A. Assuming one
C

free electron per atom, calculate:

a) Free electron density and
-

b) Average drift velocity

78

Given: Density of copper = 8.9 × 103 kg/m3, Avogadro’s No. 6.02 × 1023 mol-1, Molar mass of
copper = 64. [2068 Baisakh]

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Compare Ampere’s law with Biot-Savart’s law. Calculate the magnetic field inside and
outside a long straight wire carrying current I using Ampere’s law. [2077 Chaitra OR]
2. What is cyclotron? Show that the maximum energy of the ion in cyclotron is directly
proportional to the square of the frequency. [2075 Bhadra OR]
3. Discuss the Hall Effect. Derive (i) Hall voltage (ii) Hall coefficient and (iii) Hall resistance.
Explain that the Hall resistance leads to the quantum Hall effect. [2075 Baisakh Back]
4. Derive an expression for the magnetic flux density inside a long solenoid, carrying current I,
at a point near its center. [2075 Baisakh Back OR]
5. State and derive Ampere’s law in magnetism. Why and how Maxwell modified it?
[2074 Bhadra OR]
6. A circular coil having radius R carries a current I. Calculate the magnetic flux density at an
axial distance x from the center of the coil. Explain how the coil behaves for a large distance
point and at what condition field will be maximum? [2074 Bhadra]
7. Find the expression for maximum energy of a rotating particle in a cyclotron. How cyclotron
is different from synchrotron? [2074 Bhadra]
8. State Ampere’s law. Find out the expression for magnetic field at a point outside, inside and
on the surface of a current carrying conductor using this law. [2073 Magh Back OR]
9. Obtain an expression for magnetic field intensity due to a circular coil carrying current at its
axial point. Compare the result with that due to short bar magnet. [2072 Magh Back OR]
10. Give the method of Biot and Savart Law to calculate the magnetic field due to current
carrying conductor. Calculate the magnetic field on the axis of circular loop at distance x

RC
from the center of the circular coil of radius R carrying current I. [2072 Ashwin OR]
11. What type of particles can be accelerated by a cyclotron? Explain the working of a cyclotron.
Write an expression for its frequency. [2072 Ashwin OR]
12. What is Hall Effect? Obtain an expression for the Hall resistance “R” in a conductor placed in
-W
a magnetic field “B”. What conclusions can be drawn by Hall-effect measurements?
[2071 Magh Back]
13. What is Biot-Savart Law? Derive an expression for flux density due to a current carrying
ns
circular loop at its axial point. [2071 Bhadra]
14. Compare Ampere’s law with Biot-Savart’s law. Which is more useful for calculating B for a
ilia

current carrying conductor. Calculate the magnetic field inside and outside a long straight
wire carrying current I. [2070 Magh Back OR]
15. What is Hall effect? Obtain an expression for Hall resistance. Show in a graph how hall
iv

resistance varies with magnetic field. [2070 Magh Back]

16. Compare Ampere’s law with Biot Savart law. Obtain expressions for magnetic field intensity
C

inside and outside the long straight wire carrying current. [2070 Bhadra]
17. List and explain methods to calculate magnetic field due to a current carrying conductor.
-

Derive an expression for the magnetic field on the axial line of a long solenoid carrying
78

current.
[2068 Bhadra OR]
18. A circular coil having radius R carries a current I. Calculate the magnetic flux density at an
axial distance x from the centre of the coil. Explain how the coil behaves for a large distance
point and at what condition field will be maximum? [2067 Mangsir OR]
19. Compare the methods of Biot Savart law and Ampere’s law to calculate magnetic fields due
to current carrying conductor. Calculate magnetic field at an axial distance ‘r’ from the centre
of the circular coil carrying current. [2067 Chaitra Back]
20. What is cyclotron? Find an expression to show that maximum kinetic energy of charge
particles coming out of dees of cyclotron is directly proportional to square of frequency of
oscillator. [2067 Chaitra Back OR]
21. What is Hall-effect? Derive an expression for Hall coefficient and establish the relation with
mobility of charge carrier and conductivity of material of wire. [2067 Chaitra Back OR]
 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. State and explain Biot and Savart’s law. Derive an expression for magnetic field due to
current carrying circular loop at axial line. [2078 Bhadra OR]
2. Compare Biot-Savart law with Ampere’s law. Calculate the magnetic field outside & inside
due to a long, straight wire of radius R carrying a steady current ‘I’ that is uniformly
distributed through the cross-section of the wire. [2076 Chaitra]
3. Using Ampere’s law, calculate the magnetic field inside, outside and on the surface of a long
current carrying conductor and hence plot a graph between magnetic field and the distance
from the center of the conductor. [2076 Ashwin Back OR]
4. A wire of length L carries a current I. If the wire is formed into a circular coil, then the
1
maximum torque in a given magnetic field B developed for a single turn is τ= ( ) L2 IB.
4π
[2076 Ashwin Back]

5. What is Hall Effect? Write its importance. Show that the hall coefficient R H=-l/ne, where the
symbols have their own meanings. [2075 Ashwin Back OR]

RC
6. Define the cyclotron and cyclotron frequency. Show that energy of a charged particle in a
cyclotron is independent to the oscillating electric field. [2075 Chaitra OR]
7. State Ampere’s law in magnetism. Calculate the magnetic field outside and inside a current
carrying long straight conductor.-W [2075 Chaitra OR]
8. What type of particles can be accelerated by a cyclotron? Explain the working of cyclotron
and synchrotron with their differences. [2074 Chaitra OR]
9. Using Ampere’s law, calculate the magnetic field inside, outside and on the surface of a long
ns
current carrying conductor and hence plot a graph between magnetic field versus distance
from the center of the conductor. [2074 Chaitra]
ilia

10. Explain Biot-Savart Law. Show that a current carrying circular coil behaves as a magnetic
dipole for a large distance. [2074 Ashwin Back OR]
11. Derive an expression for Hall Voltage. How do you differentiate the type of charge carrier
iv

from the result of Hall experiment? What is Hall resistance? [2073 Chaitra OR]
12. What is Hall-effect? Derive an expression for the Hall coefficient and establish the relation
C

between mobility of charge carrier and conductivity of material of wire.

[2073 Shrawan Back OR]
-

13. What is Ampere’s law? Derive the expression for magnetic flux density outside and inside a
78

long straight conductor carrying current I. [2073 Shrawan Back]

14. Obtain an expression for magnetic field intensity due to a circular coil carrying current at its
axial point. [2072 Chaitra OR]
15. Explain Hall effect. What results you can draw from Hall experiment? Obtain an expression
for the Hall voltage in a current carrying specimen placed in a magnetic field.[2072 Kartik
Back]
16. State Biot-Savart law. Derive an expression for the magnetic flux density at a distance “x” on
the axis of circular coil of radius “a” carrying current I. [2071 Chaitra OR]
17. Explain Hall Effect. Derive a relation for hall resistance. From this relation explain the
meaning of quantization of hall resistance. [2071 Shrawan Back]
18. State Ampere’s law. Find the expressions for magnetic field outside and inside the long
straight wire by using this law. [2071 Shrawan Back OR]
19. Consider a circular coil of radius R carrying current I. Find the magnetic field at any point on
the axis of the loop at a distance z from the center of the loop. Show that the circular current
carrying coil behaves as a magnetic dipole for large distance. [2070 Chaitra]
 20. Compare the methods of Biot and Savart Law and Ampere’s Law to calculate the magnetic
fields due to current carrying conductor. Calculate magnetic field at an axial distance “x”
from the center of the circular coil carrying current. [2070 Ashad Back]
21. Describe the principal and working of Cyclotron. Show that the time taken by the ion in a Dee
to travel a semicircle is exactly same whatever be its radius and velocity. [2069 Chaitra]
22. A straight wire segment of length l carries current I. Show that the magnetic field B produced
by that segment at a displace y from it along a perpendicular bisector is B = (μ0/2πy)
[l(l2+4y2)]. [2069 Ashad Back]
23. Explain the principle and working of cyclotron. Show that the time spent by the particle in a
Dee is independent of its speed and radius of its circular path. [2068 Chaitra OR]
24. Use Biot-Savart Law to calculate magnetic field on the axial line of a current carrying circular
loop. Explain how the coil behaves for a large distance point. [2068 Chaitra OR]
25. Show that the magnetic field due to a curve wire segment carrying current I and circular arc
μ0 I
of radius R is . [2068 Shrawan Back OR]
8R
26. What is Ampere’s law? Derive the expressions for magnetic flux density outside and inside a
long straight conductor carrying a current, i. [2068 Baisakh OR]

RC
27. Describe cyclotron with necessary theory. Find the expression for maximum energy of a
rotating particle in a cyclotron. Give limitations of cyclotron and how is it modified?
[2068 Baisakh OR]
-W
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS

ns
EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A strip of copper 150μm thick is placed in a magnetic field of strength 0.65T perpendicular to
ilia

the plane of strip and a current of 23A is set up in the strip. Calculate the Hall voltage and
Hall coefficient if the electron density is 8.5 × 1028 m-3. [2077 Chaitra]
2. A copper strip 2 cm wide and 1 mm thick is placed in a magnetic field 1.5T. If a current of
iv

200A is setup in the strip, calculate (a) Hall voltage (b) Hall mobility if the number of
electrons per unit volume is 8.4 × 1028 m-3 and resistivity is 1.72 × 10-8 ohm-m. [2073 Bhadra]
C

3. Suppose a cyclotron is operated at and oscillator frequency of 15MHz and has a dee of radius
55 cm (i) What is the resulting kinetic energy of deuteron? (ii) What is the magnetic field
-
78

needed for deuteron to be accelerated in the cyclotron? Given: mass of the deuteron =
3.34×10-27kg. [2072 Magh Back]
4. In a Hall-effect experiment, a current of 3A sent lengthwise through a conductor 1 cm wide, 4
cm long and 1 μm thick, produces a transverse Hall voltage of 10 μV, when a magnetic field
of 1.5 T is passed perpendicularly through the thickness of the conductor. Calculate (a) drift
velocity of the charge carriers and (b) the number density of charge carriers. [2071 Bhadra]
5. In a Hall-effect experiment, a current of 3A sent length wise through a conductor 1 cm wide,
4 cm long and 10 μm thick produces a transverse (across the width) Hall potential differences
of 10 μV, when a magnetic field of 1.5 T is passes perpendicularly through the thickness of
the conductor. From these data, find (a) The drift velocity of the charge carrier and (b) The
number density of charge carrier. [2069 Bhadra OR]
6. A particular cyclotron is designed with dees of radius R = 75cm and with magnets that can
provide a field of 1.5T. (i) To what frequency should be oscillator be set if deuterons are to be
accelerated? (ii) What is the maximum energy of deuterons that can be obtained? Given mass
of the deuterons is 3.34×10-27kg. [2069 Bhadra]
7. Suppose a cyclotron is operated at an oscillator frequency of 12MHz and has a dee of radius
53cm.
 a) What is the magnitude of the magnetic field needed for deuteron to be accelerated in
the cyclotron?
b) What is the resulting kinetic energy of the deuteron? Given: mass of deuteron =
3.34×10-27kg. [2068 Bhadra]
5
8. A proton with speed of 3×10 m/s orbits just outside a charged sphere of radius 1cm. What is
the charge on the sphere? [2067 Chaitra Back]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. An electron with kinetic energy 2.5 KeV circles in a plane perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field. The radius of the orbit is 25cm. Calculate (i) the speed of the electron (ii) the
flux density of magnetic field (iii) the number of revolutions per second. [2078 Bhadra]
2. A 10eV electron is circulating in a plane at right angles to a uniform field of magnetic
induction of 1×10-4 Wb/m2. Calculate its orbital radius, cyclotron frequency and period
of revolution. [2078 Bhadra]
3. What is magnetic flux density at the center of a circular coil of radius 2 cm and with 20 turns
carrying current of 10 A? [2075 Chaitra]

RC
4. Deuterons in a cyclotron describe a circle of radius 0.32 m just before emerging from dees.
The frequency of the applied emf’s 10 MHz. Find the flux density of the magnetic field and
the energy of deuterons emerging out of the cyclotron. (mass of deuterons = 3.32 × 10-27 kg.)
-W [2074 Ashwin Back]
5. A copper strip 3.0 cm wide and 2.0 mm thick is placed in a magnetic field 1.75T. If a current
of 150 A is setup in the strip, calculate (i) Hall voltage and (ii) Hall mobility if the number of
ns
electrons per unit volume is 8.4 × 1028 m-3 and resistivity is 1.72 × 10-8 ohm-m. [2072 Chaitra]
6. A particular cyclotron is designed with Dees of radius R = 75cm and with magnets that can
provide a field of 1.5T. (a) To what frequency should the oscillator be set if deuterons are to
ilia

be accelerated? (b) What is the maximum energy of deuterons that can be obtained? (Mass of
deuterons is 3.32×10-27kg) [2071 Chaitra]
7. In a Hall Effect experiment, a current of 3.2A sent lengthwise in a conductor 1.2 cm wide, 4.0
iv

cm long and 9.5μm thick, produces a transverse Hall voltage (across the width) of 40 μV
when a magnetic field of 1.4 T is passed perpendicularly through the thin conductor. From
C

this data, find (a) drift velocity of the charge carriers and (b) the number density of charge
carriers. [2070 Chaitra]
-
78

8. A solenoid 2.6 m long and 1.3 cm in diameter carries a current of 9A. The magnetic field
inside the solenoid is 20mT. Find the length of the wire forming the solenoid.[2070 Ashad
Back]
9. In a Hall experiment, a current of 25A is passed through a long foil of silver, which is 0.1 mm
thick and 3 m long. Calculate the Hall voltage produces across the width by a flux of 1.4
Wb/m2. If the conduction of silver is 6.8×107 mho/m, estimate the mobility of the electrons in
silver. [2070 Ashad Back]
10. A long circuit coil consisting of 50 turns with diameter 1.2m carries a current of 10Amp. (a)
Find the magnetic field at a point along the axis 90cm from the center. (b) At what distance
from the center, along the axis, the field is 1/8 greater as at the center. [2069 Chaitra]
11. A flat silver strip od width 1.5cm and thickness 1.5mm carries a current of 150A. A magnetic
field of 2.0 Tesla is applied perpendicular to the flat face of the strip. The emf developed
across the width of strip is measured to be 17.9μV. Estimate the number density of free
electrons in the metal. [2069 Ashad Back]
12. A copper strip 2 cm wide and 10 mm thick is placed in a magnetic field 1.5T. If a current of
200A is setup in the strip, calculate (a) Hall voltage (b) Hall mobility if the number of
 electrons per unit volume is 8.4 × 1028 m-3 and resistivity is 1.72 × 10-8 ohm-m.[2068 Shrawan
Back]
13. A copper strip 150μm thick is placed in a magnetic field of strength 0.65T perpendicular to
the plane of the strip and a current of 23Amp is set up in the strip. Calculate: (i) the Hall
voltage (ii) Hall coefficient and (iii) Hall mobility, if the number of electrons per unit volume
is 8.5 × 1028 /m3 and resistivity is 1.72 × 10-8 Ohm-m. [2068 Chaitra]

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Derive an expression for energy stored in magnetic field. Show that the magnetic energy

RC
density is proportional to square of magnetic field. [2077 Chaitra OR]
2. With necessary circuit and graph, derive an expression for rise and fall of current in LR
circuit. Hence explain the inductive time constant for this circuit.
-W [2075 Bhadra OR]
3. Derive an expression for growth and decay of current in inductance and resistance circuit.
Also explain the decay current in LR circuit. [2075 Baisakh Back OR]
4. An inductance L is connected to a battery of emf E through a resistor. Show that the potential
ns
difference across the inductance after time t is VL = Ee-(R/L)t. At what time is the potential
difference across the inductance equal to that across the resistance such that i = i0/2.
[2074 Bhadra]
ilia

5. Derive the relation for rise and fall of current in LR circuit. Explain the graph between current
and time and obtain inductive time constant in both cases. [2073 Magh Back OR]
6. What is self induction? Develop a relation for induced emf in a coil. Calculate the self-
iv

inductance of the solenoid having length l, number of turns N, area of cross-section A, and
C

current I.
[2073 Magh Back]
-

7. An inductance L is connected to battery of emf E through a resistance. Show that the inductor
78

Rt
-( )
affects the growth of current i=i0 (1-e L ). At which condition it reduces to 0.63i0.
[2073 Bhadra OR]
8. Derive an expression for energy stored in magnetic field. Show that the magnetic energy
density is proportional to square of magnetic field. [2073 Bhadra OR]
9. Determine the energy stored in an inductor. Also, determine the energy density in magnetic
field. [2072 Magh Back OR]
10. Define self induction. Derive the expressions for self inductance of a toroid. [2072 Ashwin]
11. What is inductance? In what factors does it depend? Calculate the inductance of a solenoid
and a toroid. [2071 Magh Back OR]
12. If a parallel plate capacitor with circular plate be charged, prove that the induced magnetic
field at a distance r in the region between the plates be
1 dE
B = μ0 ϵ0 r for r ≤ R and
2 dt
1 μ0 ϵ0 R2 dE
B= for r ≥ R
2 2r dt
[2071 Bhadra]
13. State Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic induction. Show that in electromagnetic induction the
mechanical energy is converted into electric and finally in to heat energy.
[2070 Magh Back OR]
14. Obtain expressions for growth and decay of charges in the RC circuits. Explain how you will
measure experimentally the capacitance of the given capacitor. [2070 Bhadra]
15. Derive the relation for rise and fall of current in LR circuit. Plot a graph between current and
time and explain the graph. [2069 Bhadra OR]
16. What is self inductance? Calculate the inductance of a circular Toroid. From your result,
show that inductance is a property of a coil and depends on permeability and shape and size
of the coil. [2068 Bhadra OR]
17. Show that the energy per unit volume in electric field and magnetic field are proportional to
the square of their fields. [2067 Mangsir OR]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Derive an expression for the growth and decay of current in LR circuit. Explain the meaning
of inductive time constant. [2078 Bhadra OR]

RC
2. Define Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz’s law. Obtain an expression for
self-inductance of toroid. [2076 Chaitra]
3. Show that the energy per unit volume in an electric field and magnetic field are proportional
to the square of their fields. -W [2076 Ashwin Back OR]
4. An inductance of an inductor L connected to a battery of emf ε through a resistor of resistance
R. Show that the p.d. across the inductor after time t is VL = εe-(R/L)t. At what time the p.d.
across the inductor is equal to the p.d. across the resistor such that i = i0/2. [2075 Chaitra]
ns
5. Derive expressions for inductances of a solenoid and toroid. Then show that inductance is the
property of the coil. [2075 Ashwin Back OR]
ilia

6. Differentiate between electromagnetic induction and self-induction. Develop an expression

for self-inductance of a toroid. [2074 Chaitra OR]
7. Determine the energy stored in an inductor. Also, determine the energy density in magnetic
iv

field. [2074 Chaitra]

8. Explain meaning of self-induction. Calculate inductance for a solenoid and toroid.
C

[2074 Ashwin Back]

9. Derive the relation for rise and fall of current in LR circuit. Plot a graph between current and
-

time and explain the figure. [2073 Chaitra OR]

78

10. Explain the phenomenon of self induction. Calculate the value of inductance for (a) long
solenoid and (b) Toroid. [2073 Shrawan Back]
11. Determine the energy stored in an inductor. Hence, prove that the energy density in magnetic
field is directly proportional to square of magnetic field. [2072 Chaitra OR]
12. Derive an expression for rise and fall of current in LR circuit. Hence explain the inductive
time constant of this circuit. [2071 Chaitra OR]
13. Explain the phenomenon of “self-induction”. Find an expression for the self-induction of a
toroid having N number of turns, radius r and carrying current i. [2071 Shrawan Back OR]
14. Derive an expression for growth and decay of current in LR circuit. Explain inductive time
constant by sketching graph between current and time for both cases. [2070 Chaitra OR]
15. Derive expressions for inductance of a Solenoid and Toroid. Then show that inductance is the
property of the coil. [2070 Chaitra OR]
16. A parallel plate capacitor with circular plates is charged by current “i” (a) What is the
magnitude of ∫ B.ds in terms of μ0 and i between the plates if r = (a/5) from the center? What
is the magnitude of induced magnetic field for r = (a/5) in terms of displacement current?
[2070 Ashad Back OR]
 17. An inductance L is connected to a battery of emf E through a resistance. Show that the
-R t
( )
potential difference across the inductance after time t is VL = ε e L . At what time is the
i0
potential difference across the inductance equal to that across the resistance such that i = .
2
[2070 Ashad Back]
18. Derive an expression for energy stored in magnetic field. Show that the energy stored per unit
volume is directly proportional to the square of the magnetic flux density. Compare this result
with electric energy density. [2069 Chaitra OR]
19. What is self induction? Define inductance of a coil. Show by calculation inductance of a coil
depends on the permeability of a medium and the geometry of the coil. [2069 Chaitra OR]
20. Find the inductance of a toroid having N number of turns and radius R.[2069 Ashad Back
OR]
21. Show that the energy per unit volume in electric field and magnetic field are proportional to
the square of their fields. [2069 Ashad Back OR]
22. State and explain Faraday’s laws of induction. Show in induction, the mechanical energy is
converted into electrical and finally into heat energy. [2068 Shrawan Back OR]

RC
23. An inductance L is connected to a battery of emf E through a resistance R. Show that the p.d.
across the inductance after time t is VL = ϵe-(R/L)t. At what time is the p.d. across the
I0
inductance equal to that across the resistance such that I = . [2068 Shrawan Back]
-W 2
24. Find the expression of the self inductance of a toroid having N number of turns, radius r and
carrying a current i. [2068 Baisakh]
ns

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
ilia

 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. The induced magnetic field at radial distance 6mm from the central axis of a circular parallel
iv

plate capacitor is 2 × 10-7 T. The plates have radius 3mm. At what rate is the electric field
between the plates changing? [2077 Chaitra]
C

2. A circular plate capacitor of area 154 cm2 is being charged has a uniform current density of a
displacement current, having a magnitude 20 A/m2. Calculate (a) the magnitude of magnetic
-

field at the distance r = 50 mm about the central axis between the plates. (b) dE/dt in this
78

region [2075 Bhadra]

3. A parallel plate capacitor with circular plates is being charged by varying electric field of
1.5×1012Vm-1s-1. Evaluate the induced magnetic field if the radius of the plate is 55 mm and
displacement current. [2073 Bhadra]
4. A solenoid 1.3 m long and 2.6 cm in diameter carries a current of 18 A. The magnetic field
inside the solenoid is 23mT. Find the length of the wire forming the solenoid. Also calculate
the inductance of the solenoid. [2071 Magh Back OR]
5. A solenoid having an inductance of 6.3μH is connected in series with 1.2 KΩ resistor. (i) If a
14V battery is connected across the pair, how long will it take for the current to reach 80% of
its equilibrium value? (ii) What is the current through the resistor at time t=τ L?
[2070 Magh Back]
6. What must be the magnitude of a uniform electric field if it is to have the same energy density
that passed by a 0.50T magnetic field? [2068 Bhadra]
12
7. A variable field of 10 V/m.s is applied to a parallel plate capacitor with circular plates of
diameter 10cm. Calculate (a) induced magnetic field and (b) displacement current
[2067 Mangsir]
  ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. A long solenoid of radius 2cm has 1×103 turns per meter and carries a sinusoidally varying
current I=5sin100πt, where I is in ampere & t is in second. Determine the magnitude of
induced electric field at a radius r=1cm & r=3cm from its central axis. [2076 Chaitra]
2. A series circuit has 25 ohm resistance and 0.1 henry inductance. What will be initial rate of
increase of current if the circuit contains a 12V steady source? What time is required for the
current to attain a value of 100mA? [2076 Ashwin Back]
3. If a test charge revolves round a circular path of radius 8.5cm where the magnetic field
increases at a steady rate 0.13T/s, calculate the magnitude of induced electric field at a point
12.5cm.
[2075 Ashwin Back]
4. A parallel plate capacitor with circular plates is being charged by varying electric field of
1.5×1012 V/m-s. Calculate the induced magnetic field if the diameter of the plate is 110 mm
and displacement current of this condition. [2073 Chaitra]
5. A toroid has number of turns 1250, internal radius 52 mm, external radius 95 mm and
thickness of the ring 13 mm, calculate the inductance. [2072 Kartik Back OR]

RC
6. A solenoid having inductance of 6.3 μH is connected in series with a 1.2 kΩ resistance. If a
14 V battery is connected across the pair, how long will it take for the current through the
resistor to reach 80% of its final value? [2072 Kartik Back OR]
-W
7. A parallel plate capacitor with circular plates of 10 cm radius is charged producing uniform
displacement current of magnitude 20A/m2. Calculate (i) dE/dt in the region (ii) Displacement
current density and (iii) Induced magnetic field. [2068 Chaitra]
8. Calculate the displacement current between the capacitor plates of are 1.5 × 10 -2 m2 and rate
ns
of electric field change is 1.5 × 10-12 V/m.s. Also calculate displacement current density.
[2068 Baisakh]
ilia

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
iv
C

THEORY QUESTIONS
-
78

 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Using Maxwell’s equations show that the speed of electromagnetic waves in a medium is
c
given by v= , where symbols have their usual meanings. [2077 Chaitra]
√ϵr μr
2. Prove that charge conservation theorem with the help of maxwell’s equation of
electromagnetism. [2075 Baisakh Back]
3. Write Maxwell equation in differential form. Convert them into integral form. Explain the
physical significance of each of them. [2074 Bhadra]
4. Write down the Maxwell’s equations in free space and in dielectric medium. With the help of
Maxwell’s equations, derive charge conservation theorem. [2073 Bhadra]
5. Write Maxwell’s equations for non conducting medium. Using these equations determine the
electromagnetic wave equation in terms of magnetic field for a non conducting and an-
isotropic medium having finite permittivity (μ) and finite permeability (ε). Hence prove that
the velocity of electromagnetic wave is equal to velocity of light in free space.
[2072 Magh Back]
6. Write and explain Maxwell equations in integral form. Convert them into differential form.
[2071 Magh Back]
7. Define poynting vector and develop an expression of it in terms of electric and magnetic
fields. Using the poynting vector calculate the maximum electric and magnetic fields for sun-
light if the solar constant is 1.4 KW/m2. [2071 Bhadra]
8. Write down Maxwell equation in integral form with their physical meanings. Convert these
equations into differential form. [2070 Bhadra]
1
9. Define Poynting vector. Prove that ⃗S= ⃗ ×B
(E ⃗ ). [2069 Bhadra]
μ0
10. What is poynting vector? Show that the intensity of an electromagnetic wave equals the
average magnetic energy density times the speed of light. [2068 Bhadra]
⃗ and B
11. Using Maxwell equations in free space, derive electromagnetic wave equations for E ⃗⃗ .
Write its plane wave solution. [2067 Mangsir]
12. Write Maxwell equations in integral form. Convert them in differential form. Explain each
equation. [2067 Chaitra Back]
 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

RC
1. What is Displacement current? Define and derive the relation of poynting vector in
electromagnetism. [2076 Chaitra]
2. Write Maxwell’s equations in integral form. Convert them into differential form.
-W [2076 Ashwin Back]
3. Write Maxwell equations in differential form. State and explain the pointing vector and
theorem. [2075 Chaitra]
4. What are Maxwell’s equations? Using Maxwell equations derive electromagnetic (em) wave
ns
equation in dielectric medium. Prove that em wave travels with velocity less than velocity of
light in such medium. [2074 Ashwin Back]
ilia

5. Write Maxwell equations in differential form in free space. Derive electromagnetic wave
equations in vacuum. Find their plane wave solutions. [2073 Chaitra]
⃗ =(E
6. Define Poynting vector. Prove that S ⃗ ×B
⃗ )/𝜇0 , where the symbols have their usual
iv

meanings. [2073 Shrawan Back]

1
C

7. Define poynting vector. Prove that ⃗S= (E

⃗ ×B
⃗ ). [2072 Chaitra]
μ
8. State Maxwell equation in integral form. Convert them into differential form. Explain
-
78

each of these equations. [2072 Kartik Back]

1
⃗=
9. What is Poynting vector? Prove that S ⃗ ×B
(E ⃗ ). [2071 Chaitra]
μ0
10. Write down the Maxwell’s equations for non conducting. Find the equation of
propagation of plane electromagnetic wave for E-field and B-field for such medium.
Show that electromagnetic wave travels with velocity less than velocity of light in
such medium. [2071 Shrawan Back]
11. Write and explain Ampere’s law in magnetism. How Maxwell modified it? Based on this
modified equation, explain the term displacement current. Prove displacement current is equal
to conduction current. [2070 Chaitra]
12. Write Maxwell equations in integral form. Convert them in differential form. Explain the
physical meaning of each equation. [2070 Ashad Back]
13. Write Maxwell’s equations in free space and dielectric medium. With the help of Maxwell’s
equations, Derive charge conservation theorem. [2069 Chaitra]
∂δ
14. State and explain Maxwell’s equations. Derive the continuity equation: V.J= .
∂t
[2069 Ashad Back]
 15. Obtain an expression for energy transfer rate by electromagnetic wave. From you result show
that I α E2rms. Where I is the intensity em wave and Erms is root mean square value of electric
field. [2068 Chaitra]
16. Starting from Maxwell’s equations in free space obtain differential equations for
electromagnetic waves. Find the plane wave solutions. [2068 Shrawan Back]
17. Write Maxwell’s equations in integral form and explain the laws on which these equations are
based. Convert them into differential form. [2068 Baisakh]

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Sunlight strikes the earth outside its atmosphere with an intensity of 2 Cal/cm2-min. Calculate
the magnitude of electric and magnetic fields. [2075 Bhadra]
2. A certain plane electromagnetic wave emitted by a microwave antenna has a wavelength of
3cm and a maximum magnitude of electric field of 2 × 10-4 V/cm.
(i) What is the frequency of the wave?

RC
(ii) What is the maximum magnetic field? and
(iii) What is the maximum energy density? [2073 Magh Back]
3. The maximum electric field 10 m from an isotropic point source of light is 2 V/m. What are
-W
(a) the maximum value of magnetic field and (b) the average intensity of the light there? (c)
what is the power of the source? [2072 Ashwin]
4. Calculate the magnitude of the poynting vector and the amplitude of the electric and magnetic
ns
fields at a distance of 10 cm from a radio station which is radiating power of 10 5 watt
uniformly over a hemisphere with radio station as center. [2070 Magh Back]
ilia

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Sun light just outside the earth in atmosphere has an intensity of 1.4kW/m2. Calculate the
iv

maximum electric and magnetic fields for sun light, assuming it to be a plane wave. Given
c=2.99×108m/s.
C

[2078 Bhadra]
2. The Sun delivers about 103W/m2 of energy to the earth’s surface through EM radiation
-

calculate a) the total power incident on a roof of dimensions 8m*20m. b) Radiation pressure
78

and force exerted on the roof, assuming roof is a perfect absorber. [2075 Ashwin Back]
3. A radio wave transmits 25 W/m2 of power per unit area. The flat surface area is perpendicular
to the direction of propagation of the wave. Calculate the radiation pressure on it and
maximum electric and magnetic field associated with the wave. [2074 Chaitra]

MATTER WAVE

THEORY QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. Using Schrodinger wave equation, calculate the values of the energy of a particle in a one-
dimensional infinitely deep potential well. Indicate graphically the first three wave function
for such a particle. [2075 Bhadra]
2. Derive Schrodinger time independent wave equation. Explain the physical significance of the
wave function. [2074 Bhadra]
3. Prove that the energy levels are quantized, when the electron is confined in an infinite
potential well of width “a”. [2073 Magh Back]
4. An electron is confined in a one dimensional infinite potential well of width l, the potential
0 0≤x≤1 nπx
energy is V(x)= { . Find the eigenfunctions ψa(x)=Asin ( ) and energy
∞ x<0 and x>1 l
n2 π2 h2
eigenvalues En = . [2073 Bhadra]
2ml2
5. What is the physical meaning of wave function? Derive the Schrodinger time independent
wave equation. [2072 Magh Back]
6. Describe the physical significance of the wave function. Derive an expression for three
dimensional time independent schrodinger wave equation. [2072 Ashwin]
7. Consider an electron of mass m is confined in a one dimensional infinite potential well of
width l such that
𝑉 = ∞ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ≥ 𝑙
𝑉 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 𝑙

RC
Show that inside the well electron can only have the discrete energy values.[2070 Magh
Back]
8. Prove that the energy levels are quantized, when the electron is confined in an infinite
potential well of width a. -W [2069 Bhadra]
9. A particle is moving in one dimensional potential well of infinite height and width a. Find the
expression for energy of the particle. [2068 Bhadra]
10. Derive the Schrodinger time independent wave equation. What is the physical significance of
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wave functions? [2067 Mangsir]
11. A free particle is confined in a box of width L. Find an expression for energy eigen value to
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show that particle can have only discrete energy and momentum. [2067 Chaitra Back]

 ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

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1. Show that energy of an electron that is confined in the infinite potential well is quantized and
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sketch that energy level and wave function diagram for n=1,2 and 3 for that well.
[2078 Bhadra]
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2. What is the physical significance of wave function? Derive the relation of Schrodinger wave
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equation in time dependent form. [2075 Chaitra]

3. What are the significances of wave-function? Using the wave function derive an expression
for the time dependent Schrodinger wave equation. [2074 Chaitra]
4. Write down Schrodinger time dependent and time independent wave equations. Prove that the
energy levels are quantized when the electron is confined in an infinite potential well of width
‘a’. [2073 Chaitra]
5. Discuss the significance of the wave function and deduce the time independent Schrodinger’s
wave equation. [2073 Shrawan Back]
6. A free particle is confined in a box of width L. Using Schrodinger wave equation find
an expression for energy eigen value. [2072 Kartik Back]
7. Derive schrodinger time independent wave equation. A particle is moving in one
dimensional potential well of infinite height and width ‘a’. Find the expression for energy of
the particle. [2071 Shrawan Back]
8. Explain Schrodinger’s wave equation. Derive time independent Schrodinger wave equation.
Use this equation to find energy for a particle in a box of infinite square well potential.
[2070 Chaitra]
 9. Describe the physical significance of the wave function. Derive an expression of time
dependent schrodinger wave equation. [2070 Ashad Back]
10. Determine the total energy of a particle using Schrodinger equation, when the potential
energy has value V=0 for 0<x<a, and V=α for x≤0 and x≥a. [2069 Ashad Back]
11. Derive the schrodinger time independent wave equation. Also what do you mean by a
potential barrier? [2068 Chaitra]
12. Derive an expression for the energy of a particle in a one dimensional infinite deep potential
well. [2068 Shrawan Back]
13. What is barrier tunnelling? Discuss and write the Schrodinger wave equation in each regions.
Also write the formula of transmission coefficient, T in this case. [2068 Baisakh]

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
 EVEN SEMESTER QUESTIONS

1. The Position and momentum of a 1 keV electron are simultaneously determined. If its
position is located to within 1Å. What is the % of uncertainty in its momentum?

RC
[2077 Chaitra]
2. Using the uncertainty principle, calculate the minimum uncertainty in velocity when an
electron is confined to a box having a length 1nm. Given, m = 9.1×10-31 Kg, h=6.6 × 10-34Js.
-W [2075 Baisakh Back]
3. A beam of electrons having energy of each 3 eV is incident on a potential barrier of finite
height 4 eV. If the width of the barrier is 20 Å, calculate the percentage transmission of the
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beam through the barrier. [2071 Magh Back]
4. A beam of electrons having energy of each 3 eV is incident on a potential barrier of finite
height 4 eV. If the width of the barrier is 20 Å, calculate the percentage transmission of the
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beam through the barrier. [2071 Bhadra]

5. An electron is confined to an infinite height box of size 0.1 nm. Calculate the ground state
energy of the electron. How this electron can be put to the third energy level? [2070 Bhadra]
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
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ODD SEMESTER QUESTIONS

-

1. An electron with an energy of 8eV is incident on a potential barrier which is 9.2eV high &
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0.2nm wide.
a) What is the maximum transmission coefficient that the electron will pass through the
barrier?
b) What is the probability of transmission that the electron will pass through the barrier?
[2076 Chaitra]
2. An electron is confined to an infinite potential well of size 8.5 nm. Calculate the ground state
energy of the electron and radian frequency. Given: Planck’s constant = 6.62×10 -34 Js, mass
of electron = 9.1×10-31 kg [2076 Ashwin Back]
3. A beam of electrons having energy of each 3eV is incident on a potential barrier of height
4eV. If the width of the barrier is 20nm, calculate the percentage transmission of the beam
through the barrier. [2075 Ashwin Back]
4. A non relativistic particle is moving three times as fast as an electron. The ratio of the de-
Broglie wavelength of the particle to that of the electron is 1.813 × 10 -4. Calculate the mass of
the particle. [2074 Ashwin Back]
5. A beam of electrons having energy of 3 eV is incident on a potential barrier of height 4 eV. If
the width of the barrier is 20 Å, calculate the percentage transmission of the beam through the
barrier. [2072 Chaitra]
6. A football of 500 gm is confined between two impenetrable walls of Dasharath Rangashala
that can be treated as a box of length 100m. Calculate the minimum speed of the ball.
[2071 Chaitra]
7. A beam of electrons having energy of each 3 eV is incident on a potential barrier of height 4
eV. If the width of the barrier is 20 Å, calculate the transmission coefficient of the beam
through the barrier. [2069 Chaitra]

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