Bio unit 1

💡 key topics

1)mrsgren
2)what plants and animals need
3)part of a cell both plant and animal
4)specialised cell
5)osmosis/diffusion
6)magnification and microscope

1)MRSGREN
Movement-change in position or place by part of all of organism
Respiration-release of chemical energy from the breakdown nutrient molecules
used for metabolism
Sensitivity-detecting external and internal stimuli and making appropriate
responses
Growth-increase in dry mass size or cell number
Reproduction - process of making more of the same organism
Exretion-removal of excess made during metabolism or toxic substances
Nutrition-taking in minerals for energy and growth

2)what plants and animals need

plants require

light

water

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 nutrient ions

carbon dioxide

Animals require

water

organic compounds

nutrient ions

3)part of a cell both plant and animal

Both animal and plant cells contain:

1. Nucleus-contain genetic material in cell,and controll all activities

2. Cytoplasm - site of chemical reaction contains nutrient molecule and contains

mitochondrea

3. cell membrane- controll what enters the cell like dissolved substances and
what surround the cytoplasm ,

Plants also have:

vacuole-keeps turgor pressor and the shape of the cell also has cell sap

cell wall- keep the stucture of the cell and protects the cell
chloroplasts-filled with chlorophyll that is used to photosynthesize

4)Specialized cells

red blood cell

function-to carry oxygen through out the body

specializations

Biconcave to increase surface area to carry oxygen

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 flexible to fit into small arteries

contains haemoglobin that binds with oxygen to create oxyhamoglobin

no nucleus -more space to carry oxygen

ciliated cell

function;push mucus out of the trachea and bronchi

specialisation;

has hair like projection called ciclia can puch mucus up

cells are long

mucus traps microbes

muscle cells
function;to contract and relax in order to move muscles

specialisation:

contains proteins fibres that are long and can shorten when they have energy
thus they can contract

they are long

nerve cells

function to carry electrical impulses around to body

specialisation

have axons can carry electrical impulses

have a fatty sheath to insulate

has endings that can attach to other cells

sperm cell

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 function:reproduction
Specialisation:

haploid nucleus meaning:only one chromosome to fertilise

has a long tail for movement

contains mitochondria to provide energy for movement

egg cell

function:reproduction

specialization:

very large

haploid nucleus

palisade mesophyll cell

function:photosynthesis

specializations

lots of chloroplasts

tall and thin cells densely packed

found on the surface of the leaf so most sunlight is available

5)osmosis/diffusion
diffusion

diffusion is the net movement of a particle from are of high concentration to area
of low concentration down the concentration gradient

what affects diffusion

Reduced diffusion distances: Shorter distance = faster diffusion

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 Concentration gradients kept high: Equilibrium is not reached so diffusion
continues

Large surface area for diffusion to take place across cell membranes

what is osmosis

1. it is the movment of water molcules

2. from a area of high water potential to area of low water potential

3. across a partialy permeable membrane

After the experiment the students noticed that the potato stick with the lowest
mass was soft
and floppy.Explain why the potato stick had become soft and floppy

1)cells / potato sticks, have lost water

2)water travels from high water potential to low water potential/down water
potential
gradient from inside the cell to ouside the cell

3)(cells / tissue/ potato) were, plasmolysed/ flaccid ;

loss of turgor (pressure) not enough pressure of water pushing on cell walls
causes the potato to become floppy

Note:if the cell membrane is damaged then no osmosis

6)magnification and microscope

magnification=image size/actual size

image size =actual size x magnification

i=am pseudonym. (I am smart)

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 practice

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