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SHE Assignment 2

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58 views4 pages

SHE Assignment 2

Uploaded by

Divine Makoto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.Identify operations where exposure to risk may occur and quantify levels of exposure.

[20]

a) Working at Heights:

Exposure Levels: High

Risks: Falls from ladders, scaffolds, or elevated work areas can result in serious injuries or
fatalities.

Impact: Injuries can lead to medical expenses, work stoppages, legal liabilities, and tarnish
the image of the company

b) Excavation and Trenching:


Exposure Levels: Moderate to High
Risks: Cave-ins, collapses, and soil movement can pose serious hazards to workers in
excavations.
Impact: Accidents in excavations can lead to injuries, fatalities, project delays, and regulatory
fines.
c) Heavy Machinery Operations:
Exposure Levels: Moderate to High
Risks: Accidents involving cranes, forklifts, excavators, and other machinery can result in
injuries or fatalities.
Impact: Machinery accidents can cause property damage, injuries, project delays, and legal
consequences.
d) Electrical Work:
Exposure Levels: Moderate
Risks: Electric shock, arc flashes, and fires can occur during electrical installations or
maintenance.

Impact: Electrical incidents can lead to injuries, equipment damage, project delays, and
regulatory penalties.

e) Hazardous Material Handling:


Exposure Levels: Moderate
Risks: Improper handling of hazardous substances like asbestos, lead, or chemicals can pose
health risks to workers.

Impact: Exposure to hazardous materials can result in health issues, remediation costs,
regulatory fines, and legal liabilities.

2(a) Define risk ranking [5]

Risk ranking is a method used to prioritize risks based on their likelihood of occurrence and
potential impact on a project or operation. The first step is to assign a likelihood rating to
each risk, based on how likely it is to occur. This is usually done on a scale of 1-5, with 1
being very unlikely and 5 being very likely. The next step is to assign a severity rating to
each risk, based on how severe the consequences would be if the risk were to occur. This is
also done on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being very low severity and 5 being very high severity.

(b) State methods of risk ranking [10]

1. Risk Matrix Analysis: involves mapping risks based on their likelihood and impact on a
matrix grid. Risks are typically categorized into high, medium, or low risk levels based on the
intersection of likelihood and impact. It provides a visual representation of risks, aids in
prioritizing risks for mitigation, and helps in communicating risk levels effectively.

2. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis: is a systematic approach to identifying potential failure
modes in a process or system and assessing their effects. It assigns a numerical score to each
failure mode based on severity, occurrence, and detectability. Helps in proactively identifying
and prioritizing potential failures, enhancing preventative measures, and improving overall
process reliability.

3. Hazard and Operability Study: is a structured technique used to systematically identify and
evaluate hazards in a process system by examining deviations from design intentions. It
enhances understanding of potential hazards in complex systems, facilitates risk identification
through structured brainstorming, and assists in developing risk mitigation strategies.

4. Risk Severity Assessment: This approach involves evaluating risks based on the severity of
their consequences if they were to materialize. Risks may be ranked on a scale from minor to
catastrophic based on the potential harm or damage they could cause.

5. Risk Exposure Index: The risk exposure index combines the probability of a risk occurring
with its potential impact to calculate an overall risk exposure score. Risks with higher
exposure scores are prioritized for mitigation measures.

6 Risk Urgency Assessment: This method involves ranking risks based on their urgency or
time sensitivity. Risks that require immediate attention or action to prevent negative
outcomes are given higher priority in the risk ranking process.

2(c). Explain the procedures of investigating accidents [10]

1. Secure the Scene:

- Ensure the accident site is secure to prevent further injuries or damage.

- Preserve evidence by restricting access and taking photos or videos before any alterations
are made.

2. Notify Authorities:

- Contact emergency services if necessary, especially in the case of serious injuries or


fatalities.

- Notify relevant authorities, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) in the United States, about the incident.
3. Conduct Initial Assessment:

- Interview witnesses, workers, and supervisors who were present during the accident to
gather information.

- Document initial observations, including weather conditions, time of day, equipment


involved, and any visible hazards.

4. Gather Evidence:

- Collect physical evidence, such as equipment parts, materials, and tools involved in the
accident.

- Review relevant documents like safety records, training logs, and work permits related to
the site.

5. Analyze Facts:

- Analyze the sequence of events leading up to the accident to identify potential causes.

- Consider factors like human error, equipment malfunction, safety procedures, and
environmental conditions.

6. Identify Root Causes:

- Determine the underlying reasons for the accident, considering both immediate causes and
systemic issues.

- Look for deficiencies in safety protocols, training procedures, supervision, or equipment


maintenance.

7. Develop Recommendations:

- Propose corrective actions and preventive measures based on the investigation findings to
address identified hazards.

- Prioritize recommendations to improve workplace safety and prevent future accidents.

8. Document Findings:

- Compile a detailed accident investigation report outlining the facts, analysis, root causes,
and recommendations.

- Maintain thorough documentation for legal compliance, internal review, and future
reference.

9. Implement Corrective Actions:

- Ensure timely implementation of corrective actions to address identified deficiencies and


improve safety practices.
- Monitor the effectiveness of implemented measures and adjust as necessary to prevent
recurrence.

2(d) Define accident investigation [5]

Accident investigation is the systematic process of determining the root causes, contributing
factors, and circumstances surrounding an incident or accident that has resulted in harm,
injury, damage, or loss. This investigative process aims to uncover the underlying reasons for
the accident to prevent its reoccurrence and improve safety measures in the future.

Accident investigation plays a vital role in improving workplace safety, enhancing risk
management practices, and promoting a culture of continuous improvement by learning from
past incidents to prevent future accidents.

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