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TEP5 Induction Motor and Alternator

The document discusses induction motors and alternators. It covers the classification, main parts, operation, speed, torque production, advantages and disadvantages of induction motors. It also briefly mentions alternators.

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Abror md Fayiaz
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21 views53 pages

TEP5 Induction Motor and Alternator

The document discusses induction motors and alternators. It covers the classification, main parts, operation, speed, torque production, advantages and disadvantages of induction motors. It also briefly mentions alternators.

Uploaded by

Abror md Fayiaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Induction Motor &

Alternator
EEE 2121

Md. Sakib Hasan Khan


Assistant Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Khulna


University of Engineering & Technology
Khulna, Bangladesh
Induction Motor
Classification Based On Principle Of Operation:
(a) Synchronous Motors. 1. Plain 2. Super
(b) Asynchronous Motors.
1. Induction Motors: (a) Squirrel Cage (b) Slip-Ring (external resistance).
2. Commutator Motors: (a) Series (b) Compensated (c) Shunt (d) Repulsion
(e) Repulsion-start induction
(f) Repulsion induction
Classification Based On Type Of Current: 1. Single Phase 2. Three Phase
Classification Based On Speed Of Operation:
1. Constant Speed.
2. Variable Speed.
3. Adjustable Speed.
Classification Based On Structural Features:
1. Open
2. Enclosed
3. Semi-enclosed
4. Ventilated
5. Pipe-ventilated
6. Riveted frame-eye etc..
Physical image of Induction Motor
Terminal of Induction Motor
Internal View of Induction Motor
Internal View of Induction Motor
Cut View of an Induction Motor
Main Parts of Induction Motor
Stator (Windings)
• “Stationary” part of the motor sometimes referred to as “the windings”.
• Slotted cores made of thin sections of soft iron are wound with
insulated copper wire to form one or more pairs of magnetic poles.

Rotor
• “Rotating” part of the motor.
• Magnetic field from the stator induces an opposing magnetic field onto
the rotor causing the rotor to “push” away from the stator field.

Other parts : Assignment


There are two types of rotor winding
(a) Squirrel Cage (b) Slip-Ring

Squirrel cage rotor consists of copper bars, slightly longer than the rotor, which
are pushed into the slots. The ends are welded to copper end rings, so that all
the bars are short circuited. In small motors, the bars and end-rings are die cast
in aluminum to form an integral block
A wound rotor has a 3-phase winding, similar to the stator winding.
The rotor winding terminals are connected to three slip rings which turn with
the rotor.
The slip rings/brushes allow external resistors to be connected in series with
the winding.
The external resistors are mainly used during start-up – under normal running
conditions the windings short circuited externally.
Advantages of Induction Motor

1. Induction motors are simple and rugged in construction. Advantage of


induction motors are that they are robust and can operate in any
environmental condition
2. Induction motors are cheaper in cost due to the absence of brushes,
commutators, and slip rings
3. They are maintenance free motors unlike dc motors
and synchronous motors due to the absence of
brushes, commutators and slip rings.
4. Induction motors can be operated in polluted and explosive
environments as they do not have brushes which can cause sparks
5. 3 phase induction motors will have self starting torque unlike
synchronous motors, hence no starting methods are employed unlike
synchronous motor. However, single-phase induction motors does not
have self starting torque, and are made to rotate using some auxiliaries.

These advantages in induction motors make them more


prominent in industrial and domestic applications
Disadvantages of Induction Motor

1. 3 phase induction motors have poor starting torque and high have in
rush currents. Therefore these motors are not widely used for
applications which require high starting torques like traction
systems.

2. Induction motors always operate under lagging power factor and


during light load conditions they operate at very worst power factor
(0.2 to 0.4 lagging). Some of the disadvantages
of poor power are increase in I2R losses in the system, reduction in
the efficiency of the system.

3. One of the main disadvantages of induction motors is that speed


control of induction motors are difficult. Hence for fine speed
control applications dc motors are used in place of induction motors.
Applications of Induction Motor

Squirrel cage induction motor


Squirrel cage induction motors are simple and rugged in construction, are
relatively cheap and require little maintenance. Hence, squirrel cage induction
motors are preferred in most of the industrial applications such as in

Lathes
Drilling machines
Agricultural and industrial pumps
Industrial drives.

Slip ring induction motors


Slip ring induction motors when compared to squirrel cage motors have high
starting torque, smooth acceleration under heavy loads, adjustable speed and
good running characteristics.

Lifts
Cranes
Conveyors , etc.,
Induction motor speed
• At what speed will the IM run?
– Can the IM run at the synchronous speed, why?
– If rotor runs at the synchronous speed, which is the
same speed of the rotating magnetic field, then the
rotor will appear stationary to the rotating magnetic
field and the rotating magnetic field will not cut the
rotor. So, no induced current will flow in the rotor
and no rotor magnetic flux will be produced so no
torque is generated and the rotor speed will fall
below the synchronous speed
– When the speed falls, the rotating magnetic field will
cut the rotor windings and a torque is produced
Induction motor speed
• So, the IM will always run at a speed lower
than the synchronous speed
• The difference between the motor speed
and the synchronous speed is called the Slip
nslip = nsync − nm
Where nslip= slip speed
nsync= speed of the magnetic field
nm = mechanical shaft speed of the motor
The Slip
nsync − nm
s=
nsync
Where s is the slip
Notice that : if the rotor runs at synchronous speed
s=0
if the rotor is stationary
s=1
Slip may be expressed as a percentage by multiplying the above
eq. by 100, notice that the slip is a ratio and doesn’t have units
Frequency of rotor current
• The frequency of the voltage induced in the
rotor is given by Pn
fr =
120
Where fr = the rotor frequency (Hz)
P = number of stator poles
n = slip speed (rpm)
P  (ns − nm )
fr =
120
P  sns
= = sf e
120
Frequency
• What would be the frequency of the rotor’s
induced voltage at any speed nm?

fr = s fe
• When the rotor is blocked (s=1) , the frequency
of the induced voltage is equal to the supply
frequency
• On the other hand, if the rotor runs at
synchronous speed (s = 0), the frequency will be
zero
Torque produced by induction motor
Firstly the magnitude of rotor current
Secondly the flux which interact with the rotor of three phase
induction motor and is responsible for producing emf in the rotor
part of induction motor
lastly the power factor of rotor of the three phase induction motor.
Starting Torque
Starting Torque of Squirrel cage Motor

Starting Torque of Wound Rotor Motor


Alternator

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