Three Phase Induction motor

A three phase induction motor is a type of AC induction motors which operates on

three phase supply as compared to the single phase induction motor where single
phase supply is needed to operate it. The three phase supply current produces an
electromagnetic field in the stator winding which leads to generate the torque in the
rotor winding of three phase induction motor having magnetic field.
Construction of Three-Phase Induction Motor
The construction of an induction motor is very simple and robust.
It has mainly two parts.
• Stator
• Rotor
Stator
As the name suggests, the stator is a stationary part of the motor.
The stator of the induction motor consists of three main parts;
• Stator Frame
• Stator Core
• Stator Winding
Stator Winding

The stator winding is placed inside the stator slots available inside the stator core.
Three-phase winding is placed as a stator winding. And three-phase supply is given
to the stator winding.
The number of poles of a motor depends on the internal connection of the stator
winding and it will decide the speed of the motor. If the number of poles is greater,
the speed will less and if the number of poles is lesser than the speed will high. The
poles are always in pairs. Therefore, the total number of poles always an even
number.
Rotor

As the name suggests, the rotor is a rotating part of the motor.

According to the type of rotor, the induction motor is classified as;

• Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
• Phase Wound (Wound Rotor) Induction motor / Slip-ring Induction Motor
The construction of the stator is same in both types of induction motors. We will
discuss the types of rotors used in 3-phase induction motors in the following section
of types of three phase induction motors.
Types of Three Phase Induction Motors
Three phase motors are classified mainly in two categories based on the rotor
winding (Armature coil winding) i.e. squirrel cage and slip ring (wound rotor
motor).

• Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

• Slip-ring or Wound Rotor Induction Motor

Working Principle of Three-Phase Induction Motor

• The stator winding is overlapped at 120˚ (electrically) to each other. When a three-phase
supply is given to the stator winding, the rotating magnetic field (RMF) induced in the
stator circuit. The speed of the rotating magnetic field is known as synchronous speed
(NS).According to Faraday’s law, EMF induced in the conductor due to the rate of change
of flux (dΦ/dt). The rotor circuit cut the stator magnetic field and an EMF induced in the
rotor bar or rotor winding.
• The rotor circuit is a close path. So, due to this EMF current will flow through the rotor
circuit. Now, we know that the current-carrying conductor induces the magnetic field. So,
the rotor current induces a second magnetic field. The relative motion between the stator
flux and rotor flux, the rotor starts to rotate to reduce the cause of relative motion. The
rotor tries to catch the stator flux and starts rotating.
Why the slip is never zero in an induction motor?

• When the actual speed of the rotor is equal to the synchronous speed, the slip is
zero. For the induction motor, this condition will never happen.

• Because when the slip is zero, both speeds are equal and there is no relative
motion. Therefore, no EMF induced in the rotor circuit and rotor current is zero.
Hence, the motor cannot run.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Induction Motors
Advantages
• The construction of a motor is very simple and robust.
• The working of an induction motor is very simple.
• It can operate in any environmental condition.
• The efficiency of the motor is very high.
• The maintenance of an induction motor is less compared to other motors.
• It is a single excited motor. Hence, it needs only one supply of source. It does not require
external DC supply for excitation like a synchronous motor.
• The induction motor is a self-starting motor. So, it does not require any extra auxiliaries for the
starting purpose for normal operation.
• The cost of this motor is very less compared to other motors.
• The life span of this motor is very high.
• Armature reaction is less.
Disadvantages

• During light load condition, the power factor is very less. And it draws more
current. So, the copper loss is more which reduce the efficiency during light load
condition.
• The starting torque of this motor (squirrel cage induction motor) is not less.
• The induction motor is a constant speed motor. For the application where variable
speed requires, this motor is not used.
• Speed control of this motor is difficult.
• The induction motor has a high starting inrush current. This causes a reduction in
voltage at the time of starting.
Application of 3-Phase Induction Motors

• Pumps and submersible

• Pressing machine
• Lathe machine
• Grinding machine
• Conveyor
• Flour mills
• Compressor
• And other low mechanical power applications
Basic design using ansys Maxwell

Design of Stator
Slots
Stator Windings
Design of Rotor
Slots
Rotor Windings
 Results

Phase Current vs Speed Efficiency vs Speed

11.25 75.00
Curve Info
Phase Current
62.50
9.25

50.00
7.25
Phase Current (A)

Efficiency (%)
37.50

5.25
25.00

3.25
12.50

1.25 0.00
0.00 500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 0.00 500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00
Speed (rpm) Speed (rpm)
 Torque vs Speed
Torque vs Slip

6.50 6.50

5.25 5.25

4.00 4.00
Torque (N.m)

(N.m)
2.75 2.75

1.50 1.50

0.25 0.25

-1.00 -1.00
0.00 500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
Speed (rpm) Slip