Motion of a particle on a plane

Exercise 5C
Q12. a
R 60 N

10 N 60°

10g
Using F = ma
60 cos 60 – 10 = 10 (a)
a = 2 m/s2
S = ½ (2) (9) = 9 m
Q14. a
R
50cosx 50 N

50sinx x
x 5g cos x
5g sin x 5g
Sin x = 3/5, cos x = 4/5
Resolving perpendicular to the plane
R = 50 cos x + 50 sin x
R = 50( 4/5) + 50( 3/5) = 70 N
Along the plane using F= ma
50 cos x – 50 sin x = 5 a
a = 2 m/s2
S = ½ (2) (16) = 16 m

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Free fall under gravity on a smooth inclined plane
R
a
Mg sin 𝜽
Mg mg cos 𝜽
𝜽

A particle of mass m kg is released from rest at the top of a smooth inclined plane.
Using F = ma
mg sin 𝜽 = ma
a = g sin 𝜽, down the plane
after reaching the bottom if the particle is given some initial velocity then it will decelerate up the
plane.

a
R

U mg cos 𝜽
Mg sin 𝜽 mg
Using F = ma
0 - Mg sin 𝜽 = ma
a = - g sin 𝜽, up the plane
acceleration does not depend on the mass.

Q15. a = g sin 30 = 5 m/s2

V2 = 2(5)(20)
V = 14.1 m/s
It will remain same, because acceleration does not depend on the mass.

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Q18. Angle of inclination 1 in 98
very small angles are given as 1 in 98
for every 98 units along x- axis there is a rise of 1 unit along the y – axis.

B
o A
When 𝜽 is very small,
Length of the base of the triangle ≈ length of the hypotenuse
OA ≈ OB
𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑩
Sin 𝜽 = 𝑶𝑩 and tan 𝜽 = 𝑶𝑨

Hence when 𝜽 is very small, Sin 𝜽 ≈ tan 𝜽

𝟏
tan 𝜽 =
𝟗𝟖
𝟏
hence Sin 𝜽 = 𝟗𝟖

s = 5m , a = g Sin 𝜽 = 10( 1/98) = 𝟓/𝟒𝟗 m/s2

s = ½ a t2
5 = ½ (5/49)t2
T = 9.9 sec
S = 6 m , a = g Sin 𝜽 = 10( 1/70) = 1/7 m/s2
6 = ½(1/7) t2
T= 9.17 sec
Time difference = 0.735 sec

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19.
R a T T
T T a

15g 10 g
15gsin 𝜽 𝜽 15g cos 𝜽

Sin 𝜽 = 𝟏/𝟒𝟗
10g – T = 10a ………………(1)
T – 15g Sin 𝜽 = 15a………………(2)

(1)+(2)
100 – 150( 1/49) = 25 a
a = 3.88 m/s2
s = 7.76 m

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20. a
R T T
T T
a
14 N 2g 5g
2gsin 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 2g cos 𝟑𝟎

At 5 kg ,
5g- T = 5a ………….(1)
At 2kg,
T -14 – 2g sin30 = 2a ………………(2)
(1)+(2)
26 = 7a
a = 3.71 m/s2
T= 50 – 5(3.71)= 31.5 N

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21.
a
R 5m T T
T T

10g 15g 4m
10gsin 𝜽 𝜽 10g cos 𝜽

𝟑
U =0, time taken by 15 kg to reach the ground = 𝟏 𝟕 sec

S=4m
S = ½ a t2
a = 3.92 m/s2
at 15 kg
15g – T = 15 a
T = 91.2 N
At 10 kg
T – 10g sin𝜽 = 10 a
𝜽 = 31.3°

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Exercise 5D
15.
a
R 3m T T
T T a
A B
4g 3g 2.8 m
4gsin 𝜽 𝜽 4g cos 𝜽

stage 1: till B reaches the floor.

At B, 3g- T = 3a
At A, T- 4g sin30 = 4a
a = 10/7 =1.43 m/s2
Distance travelled = 2.8 m
Velocity with B reaches the floor
V2 = 2(10/7)(2.8)
V2 = 8
V = 2.83 m/s
Stage 2
When B reaches the floor, the string becomes slack. hence T =0
For the further motion of A, u = 2.83 m/s, remaining distance from the pulley = 3- 2.8 = 0.2 m
T- 4g sin30 = 4a
0- 4gsin30 = 4a
a = -g sin 30 = -5 m/s2
velocity with which A hits the pulley,
v2 = 8 + 2(-5)(0.2)
v = 2.45 m/s

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Exercise 5E
H.W. 1,2 5,6

4. O
30 Y

T
60 F

` 0.2g
Using lami’s theorem
𝑻 𝑭 𝟎.𝟐𝒈
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟗𝟎
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟓𝟎
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟐𝟎

(i) F = 1.15 N
(ii) F takes its least value when it is applied at right angle to the string.
O
30 Y
F
T
60 120

` 0.2g
𝑻 𝑭 𝟎.𝟐𝒈
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟐𝟎
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟓𝟎
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟗𝟎

F = 1 N , T = 1.73 N

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Q8. A C

2.5 m T x T 1.5 m
B 4N
Cos x = 1.5/2.5 = 3/5
Sin x = 4/5 Mg
At B,
Resolving vertically
T+ T cos x = Mg ……………..(1)
Resolving horizontally
T sin x = 4
T ( 4/5) = 4
T=5N
Using (1)
M = 0.8 kg

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9.
A
𝜽 T1 𝜽
T1 B T2
60 30 T2 C P
3N 4N
(a) At C,
Resolving horizontally, P = T2 cos 30
Vertically, 4 = T2 sin 30
T2 = 8 N
P = 8 cos 30 = 6.93 N
(b) at B,
Horizontally, T1 sin𝜽 = T2 sin 60

T1 sin𝜽 = 8 sin 60 = 4√𝟑 ……………..(1)

Vertically , T1 cos𝜽 = 3 + T2 cos 60
T1 cos𝜽 = 7 …………………….(2)

T1 = √(𝟒√𝟑)𝟐 + 𝟕𝟐 = 9.85 N

Dividing (1)/(2)
𝟒√𝟑
tan 𝜽 = 𝟕
hence proved.

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10.
A 150 N
T1 T2 40° T2
T1 T2 R C
40° B 50°

40g
Horizontally,
T1 cos40 = T2 cos 50 ……………….(1)
Vertically
T1sin40 + T2 sin50 +150 = 400
T1sin40 + T2 sin50 = 250 ………(2)
𝑻𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓𝟎
( ) sin40 + T2 sin 50 = 250
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝟎

T2 = 192 N
T1 = 161 N
𝜽
Resultant force on the pulley = Resultant of two equal forces = 2p cos (𝟐) = 2 T2 cos 20 = 361 N

Direction = 20° with downward vertical

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Q11. (i) In the direction of PQ, Rx = 200 cos15+ 270 + 240 cos 25 = 681 N
(ii) perpendicular to PQ, R Y = -200 sin 15 + 240 sin25 = 49. 7 N
(iii) The car will move in the direction of greater force. Hence it will move along PQ.
U =0, t= 5 s, v= 2m/s
(iv) a = 2/5 = 0.4 m/s2
Using F= ma
681 – R = 1000(0.4)
R = 281 N
(v)
281 R a= 0.4

1000g 1000 g sin x

1000g sin x – 281 = 1000(0.4) x
X = 3.9°

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12.
M V =0 (highest point reached)
a Q
R
15m/s P
mg cos 𝜽
Mg sin 𝜽 mg

a = -g sin 𝜽 = -10( 3/5) = -6 m/s2

u = 15 m/s, s = 12 m
v = 9 m/s
particle will be above the level of Q twice.
first time: from Q to highest point reached(M), where it comes to instantaneous rest (v =0)
after reaching the highest point it will move down the plane.
Second time: when it is moving down from M to Q
(time for Q to M and M to Q)
𝟎−𝟗
T for Q to M = =1.5 sec
−𝟔

Total time = 3 sec

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Q14. S = 1.08 m, v= 1.8 m/s, u =0
(i) a = 1.5 m/s2
(ii) 3g sin𝜽 – T = 3a
30(0.6) – T =3(1.5)
T = 13.5 N
(iii) T – Mg sin𝜽 = M a
M = 1.8 kg
15. (i) 2g – T = 2a
T- 1.5g sin 𝜽 = 1.5 a
20 – 15(1/6) = 3.5 a
a = 5 m/s2
(ii) v = 6 m/s
(iii) in stage 1, s = 3.6 m
When A reaches the floor, the string becomes slack, hence T =0
T- 1.5g sin 𝜽 = 1.5 a
a = -5/3 m/s2
For the further motion of B,
u = 6 m/s, v =0, a= -5/3
find s, S = 10.8 m
Total distance travelled by B = 3.6 + 10.8 = 14.4 m

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Equilibrium
(a) If a system of forces X, Y, Z and W is in equilibrium, then their vector sum =0
X +Y+Z+W =0
W = - (X+Y+Z)
Magnitude of W = magnitude of the resultant of X, Y and Z
Direction of W is opposite to the direction of the resultant.
(b) if X is removed what is magnitude and direction of the resultant of the remaining three forces
X = -(Y+Z+W)
Or Y+Z+W = - X
magnitude of the resultant of Y, Z and W = magnitude of the removed force X
Direction of the resultant is opposite to the direction of X.

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Page 93 N
Q15. 4

W 8N 45 E

𝟓√𝟐

Magnitude of P = magnitude of the resultant of the remaining three forces P

Direction of P is opposite to the direction of the resultant.

Rx = 5√𝟐 cos45 – 8 = -3 N

R Y = 4 - 5√𝟐 sin45 = -1 3 18.4 E

R = √𝟏𝟎 N 𝜽
R
Tan 𝜽 = 1/3 1
𝜽 = 18.4 °

Magnitude of P = √𝟏𝟎 N
Direction of P
Bearing = 90- 18.4 = 071.6°

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Page 87 N
Q7. 10

20 N
W 45 E
30 N

S fourth force
1.2132 83.8
R x = -1.2132 83.8
Ry = -11.2132
Magnitude of R = 11.3 N R 11.2132
Magnitude of 4th force = 11.3 N
Direction of R = 83.8° with negative x – axis.
Direction the 4th force = bearing = 90- 83.8= 006°

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