SECOND TERM,ACADEMIC SESSION 2024/2025

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK FOR WEEK 2

Subject: FURTHER MATHEMATICS

Lesson Topic: STATICS 2

Class: SSS 3

Period: 3

Time: 40 minutes

Date :13th January ,2025 To 17th January ,2025.

Learning Outcome

By the end of the lesson, pupils will

be able to;

1. Forces in Equilibrium

2. Resultant of Parallel Forces Acting on a Rigid Body

(to include Polygon of Forces)

CONTENT

SUB TOPIC 1:FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM

The state which a particle or a body attains when it has no translational or

rotational acceleration is called equilibrium. Hence for a particle to be
in equilibrium under a system of coplanar concurrent forces, the total
resolute of all forces in any direction must be zero. i.e
∑ of thehorizontal component of forces , ∑ f x =0
∑ of the vertical component of forces ∑ f y =0
Resultant of the system of coplanar concurrent forces, R = 0
PARRALLELOGRAM LAW states that if two forces acting at a point are
represented in magnitude and direction by the adjacent sides of a
parallelogram their resultant is represented in magnitude and direction by
the diagonal of the parallelogram , drawn from the common point of the two
forces.
EXAMPLE 1

Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant of two forces 5N and 12N
acting at right angles to each other.

Solution

5N

α
12 N

By Pythagoras':

R2 = 52 + 122 = 169

R = 13N

Let R make angle α with the 12N force

5
tanα = tan-1( 12 )

( )
−1 5
α = ta n 12 =22.6 ⁰
EXAMPLE 2

Find the resultant of two forces of 24N and 15N at an angle of 50⁰ to each
other.

Solution
A C

R
15N

50⁰ 130
0

O 1 B D
12N
R2 = 152 + 242 - 2(15)(24)cos130⁰

R2 = 1263.8

R = 35.55N
15 sin50⁰
tan α = 24+15 cos 50⁰

11.49
= 33.64

α = 18.86⁰

SUB TOPIC2 :RESULTANT OF FORCES ACTING ON A RIGID BODY

Example 3:Find the resultant of the forces below

5N
 130⁰

10N 80 ⁰

4N

Force Vertical component Horizontal component

4N 4cos(-30⁰) = 3.464N 4Ssin(-30⁰) = -2N
5N 5cos50⁰ = 3.214N 5sin50⁰ = 3.83N
10N 10COS180⁰= -10N 10sin180⁰ =0
TOTA =- = 1.830N
L 3.322N

Let the magnitude of the resultant, then:

R2 = (-3.322)2 + (1.830)2

= 14.389

R = 3.793N
−3.322
tan α = 1.83
= -1.815

α = -61.15⁰

Hence the resultant R is 3.793N inclined at an angle of (360- 61.15) =

298.85⁰ to the positive x-axis.

TOPIC : STATICS 2

CONTENT:

3.Moment Of A Force (2 and 3 Forces) Acting at a Point

4.Resolution of Forces of Friction

153 exercise 9 number 3,6,8,and 13

TOPIC : STATICS 2

CONTENT:

3.Moment Of A Force (2 and 3 Forces) Acting at a Point

4.Resolution of Forces of Friction

SUB TOPIC 1: MOMENT OF A FORCE

MOMENT OF FORCE is the turning effect of a force about a point. It is

otherwise called torque about a given point. In other words, it is a measure
of the turning power of a force about a given point. Mathematically, moment
of a force about an axis is the product of the magnitude of the force and the
perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force from the axis.
Conventionally, counter clockwise moments are taken as positive while
clockwise moments are taken as negative.

PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS states that if a body is in equilibrium under the

action of forces then: (i)the sum of the clockwise moments is equal to the
sum of anticlockwise moments.(ii)the sum of upward forces is equal to the
sum of downward forces.

NOTE: The resultant moment about a point in the plane of the body is the
algebraic sum of the moments of each the forces about the point.

EXAMPLE 4 : A uniform plank AB of mass 3kg and length16m is suspended

at the ends by two inelastic strings AP and BQ, where P AND Q are two
fixed points on the ceiling such that <PAB = 150⁰ and <QAB = 120⁰.The
plank is held in equilibrium in an horizontal position, with strings taut, by a
vertical upward force , F acting at a point C, 5m from the end A. Find
correct to two decimal places the: (a)the tension in the strings (b) force F.
(take g = 10M/s2)
WAEC

Solution

P F
Q

T1 T2

30⁰ 150⁰ 120 ⁰ 60 ⁰

A 5 m3 m 8 m B

3g

∑ F x =¿ T2cos60 - T1cos30
∑ F y =¿ F + T2sin60 + T1sin30 - 3g

Since the body is in equilibrium

0.5T2 - 0.886T1 = 0 .........(1)

0.886T2 - 0.5T1 + F - 3g =0

0.886T2 - 0.5T1 = 3g - F ...........(2)

Solving (1) and (2) simulteneously,

T1 = 1.5g - 0.5F = 15 - 0.5F

→ 2T1 + F = 30 ........(3)

Taking moment about point B:

24g - 11F -16 + T1sin30 = 0

240 - 11F + 8T1 = 0

11F - 8T1 = 240 .........(4)

Solving (3) and (4) simulteneously again

T 1 = 3N

From (1) 0.5T2 - 0.886T1 = 0

0.5T2 - 0.886(3) = 0

T 2 = 5.196N1

From (3) F = 30 - 2T1

= 30 - 6 = 24N

Hence: (a) the tensions in the strings are 3N and 5.2N

(b) the force F is 24N

LAMI's THEOREM states that if three forces acting at a point are in

equilibrium, then each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between
the lines of action of the other two forces.

EXAMPLE 5 : An object of mass 10kg is in equilibrium when suspended by

two light inextensible strings of lengths 4m and 3m.If the other ends of the
strings are fixed to two points,5m apart on the same horizontal level,
calculate the tension in each string.(take g = 10m/s2)
1996 WAEC essay question 8

Solution

A 5m
B

4m T 1 T2 3m

10kg
from the sketch, we take <ACB as 90⁰

since AB2 = AC2 + BC2

52 = 42 + 32

Next, we get α and θ for subequent calculations

In ABC,
3
sinα= → α =36.87⁰
5

4 0
Also sinθ= →θ=53.13
5

Hence, by Lami's theorem,

NOTE: W = 10kg x g =100N

100 T1 T2
= =
sin 90⁰ sin 143.13 sin 126.86

Therefore, T1 =60N

T 2 = 80N

SUB TOPIC 2: RESOLUTION OF FORCES OF FRICTION

FRICTION is basically a force which tends to oppose the relative sliding

motion of two surfaces in contact. Here, a constant called Coefficient of
Friction(µ) is mathematically expressed as
F
µ = R
→ F = µR

where F is the frictional force and R is the normal reaction between the
two surfaces in contact.

FORCES ACTING ON AN INCLINED PLANE

They have both horizontal and vertical components and be classified into
two

1. Body PREVENTED FROM SLIDING has frictional force F and applied

force P in the same direction.

2. When the BODY IS ABOUT TO MOVE UP THE PLANE has frictional

force F and applied P in opposite directions.

EXAMPLE 6 : While pulling a log of wood, a boy exerts a force of 40N at an

angle of 35⁰ to the horizontal. Find the effective force pulling the log along
the ground.

Solution N

P(40N)

35⁰

Solution W

P has both vertical and horizontal components but the effective force along
the ground is the horizontal component

P x cosθ = 40 x cos35 ⁰ = 32.77N

EXAMPLE 7 : A particle of mass 5kg placed on a rough plane inclined at 30⁰

to the horizontal is acted upon by a force of 40N in a direction parallel to
and up the plane. If the particle is just about to move up the plane, show
that µ = √ where µ is the coefficient of friction.(take g = 10m/s2)
3
5
1998WAEC Essay question 8

Solution
NOTE: the particle is just about to MOVE UP the plane and so F acts in
opposite direction. Observe this analyses in the diagram below

P(40N)

5gsin30⁰ F 5gcos30 ⁰

30 ⁰

5g

Resolving parallel to the plane ∑ F y = 0

P - F - 5gsin30⁰ = 0

P = F + 50sin30⁰ .............(1)

But the limiting friction

F = µR = µ x 5gcos30⁰ = 50cos30⁰µ

Substitute for F in (1)

P = F + 50sin30⁰

40 = 50cos30⁰µ + 50sin30⁰

40 = 50 ( √ x µ+ ¿
3 1
5 2

√3 µ= 4 − 1
5 5 2

=√
3 3
µ=
5 √3 5

TEACHING PRESENTATION ;
STEP 1;Revises the previous topic by asking questions while the students
listen attentively .

STEP 2;Introduce and carefully explains the new lesson topic while the
students listen attentively.

STEP 3;Allows the students to ask questions for better understanding and
the Teacher answers adequately.

STEP 4;Write notes on the board hile the students copy into their
notebooks.

EVALUATION

Assess the students comprehension by asking these these questions;

EVALUATION 2

1.An object of mass 3kg hanging from a light inextensible string is pulled
aside b a horizontal force R. If the string is inclined at 30⁰ to the vertical and
the system is in equilibrium, calculate in Newton

(i) the tension T in the string;

(ii) the force R (Take g = 10m/s2) 2002WAEC

question 16(b )

2. A uniform bar AB of length 100m and weight 2kg is supported

horizontally by two vertical strings at points C and B such that /AC/ =
30cm.If loads of 3N and 10N are placed at points A and D such that /BD/ =
40cm, find the tension in each string.
Adapted from 2004 NECO queston 13a

EVALUATION 1

1.The resultant of two forces A and B is 260N.If A is 80N and the angle
between A and B is 50⁰,find (a)the angle at which the resultant is inclined to
A (b) the magnitude of B
2.A particle is acted upon by forces of magnitude 1N, 2N, 3N all in the
same plane. The force 1N acts along the x-axis while forces 2N and 3N
make angles 150⁰ and 240⁰ respectively with the x-axis. Find the
magnitude and direction of the resultant.
(WAEC)

ASSIGNMENT

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Further Mathematics Project 3 Page 180 - 181, Exercise 11 number 1,

3, 6,8,10

2.Attempt the following problems from NEW FURTHER PROJECT 3,

page152 and 153 exercise 9 number 3,6,8,and 13