DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

THE DERIVATIVE
Trigonometric Functions
Power Rule d(sinu) = cosu du
d(ttn) = nu11-1du d(cosu) = -sinu du
Constant Function Rule d(tanu) = sec2u du
d(c) = 0 d(cottt) = -csc2 tt dtt
Constant Multiple Rule d(sec u) = secutanu
d(cu) = cdu du
Product Rule d(cscu) = -cscu cotu du
d(uv) = udv + vdu
Quotient Rule Exponential Functions
vdu- udv d(e") = e"du
d(;) = 172 d(bu) = b" In b du

Chain Rule
" (·"-
c)- - -c dv
-
,,2
Logarithmic Functions dtt
d(f(u)) = f'(u)du d(lnu) =
-
ti
du
d(logbtt) =··•--h

Problem 1. Differentiate y = 2x5 -½x4 +9x3 + 10x2 - 13x + 6

Problem 2. Differentiate y = ifx + - 36,,+, 10

X vX

Problem 3. Differentiate y = (x3 - 2x2 + 3)(7x2 - 4x)

Problem 4. D 1. fferent1. ate y 3x1-1

= , ,
2X +SX +1
Problem 5. Differentiate y = x2 sin Zx

Problem 6. Differentiate y = sinx

2+secx
1
Problem 7. Differentiate (a) y = ex'; (b) y = asx
Problem 8. Differentiate (a) f(x) = ln(cosx); (b) )' = log3x.

Implicit Differentiation

Problem 9. Find dyldx if x• + x2y3 - y5 = Zx + 1

Problem 10. Find y = sin-1 Sx

Slope of a tangent line

Problem 11. Find an equation of the tangentline to the graph of f(x) = x3 at x = f

 Problem 12. Find the slopes of tangent lines to the graph of x2 + y2 = 4 at the points
corresponding to x = 1.

Radius of Curvature
Problem 13. Find the curvature of the parabola y2 = 12x at the points (3, 6).
APPLICATIONS OF THE DERIVATIVE

Rectilinear Motion
If s(t) is a position function of an object that moves rectilinearly, then its velocity function
v(t) at time t is
ds
v(t) =
dt
If v(t) is a velocity function of an object that moves rectilinearly, then its acceleration function a(t)
at time tis
av d2s
a(t) =-=-
dt dt2
Problem 14. A particle moves on a horizontal line according to the position function s(t) =
-t2 +1O t - 20, where s is measured in centimeters and t in seconds. Determine the total
distance traveled by the particle during the time interval [1,6].

Related Rates
In general, a time rate of change is the answer to the question: How fast is a quantity
changing?
Steps in solving related problems:
1. Read the problem and draw a picture if possible.
2. Label with symbols/variable all quantities that change with time.
3. Set up an equation or a function that relates all the variables.
4. Differentiate the equation or function with respect to time t.

Problem 15. A plate in the shape of an equilateral triangle expands with time. The length of
a side increases at a constant rate of 2 cm/h. At what rate is the area increasing when a side is
8 cm?
Problem 16. The lengths of the sides of a cube increase at a rate of 5 cm/h. At what rate
does the length of the diagonal of the cube increase?
Problom 17. /\ porticle in continuouc motion move& on tho 9mph of 1y - x2 x. Find tho point
(x,y) on the graph at which the rate of change of the x-coordinate and the rate of change of the
y-coordinate are the same.
Problem 18. A 5-ft-tall person walks away from a 20-ft-tall streetlamp at a constant rate of 3
fVs.
(a) At what rate is the length of the person's shadow increasing?
(b) At what rate if the tip of the shadow moving away from the base of the streetlamp?
Problem 19. A 15-ft ladder is leaning against a wall of a house. The bottom of the ladder is
pulled away from the base of the wall at a constant rate of 2 ft/min. At what rate is the top of
the ladder sliding down the wall at the instant when the bottom of the ladder is 5 ft from the
wall?
 Problem 20. A tracking camera, located 1200 ft from the point of launching, follows a
vertically ascending hot-air balloon. At the instant that the angle of elevation of the camera is
rr/6 radians, the angle is increasing at the rate of 0.1 rad/min. At what rate is the balloon rising
at that instant?
Problem 21. An oil tank in the shape of a right circular cylinder of radius 8 m is being filled at
a constant rate of 10 m3/min. How fast is the level of the oil rising?
Problem 22. Water leaks out the bottom of the conical tank 6 ft in diameter and 9 ft tall at a
constant rate of 1 ft3/min. (a) At what rate is the level of the water changing when the water
is 6 ft deep? (b) At what rate is the radius of the water changing when the water is 6 ft deep?
Problem 23. A 4-m long water trough with vertical ends in the form of isosceles trapezoids
has dimensions: 1 m wide at the base, 2 m wide at the top, and 1m height. If water is
pumped in at a constant rate of 1/2 m3/s, how fast is the level of the water rising when the
water is 1/4 m deep?

Maxima/Minima
A critical number/point of a function f is a number c in its domain for which f(c) =o or f(c)
does not exist.
Steps in Solving Optimization Problems:
1. Identify the item to be maximized/minimized
2. Formulate an equation/function for that item and express it in one variable.
3. Differentiate the equation then equate to zero.
4. Get the solution.

Problem 24. Find two nonnegative numbers whose sum is 60 and whose product is a
maximum.

Problem 25. Find the point on the graph of x + y = 1 closest to (2,3).

Problem 26. A rectangular plot of land will be fenced into three equal portions by two
dividing fences parallel to two sides. If the area to be enclosed is 4000 m2, find the
dimensions of the land that require the least amount of fence.
Problem 27. A box, open at the top, is to be made from a square piece of cardboard by
cutting a square out of each corner and turning up t e sides. Given that the cardboard
measures 40 cm on a side, find the dimensions of the box that will give the maximum
volume. What is the maximum volume?
Problem 28. A Norman window consists of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. Find the
dimensions of the window with largest area if its perimeter is 10 m.
Problem 29. A juice can is to be made in the form of a right circular cylinder and have a
volume of 32 in3. Find the dimensions of the can so that the least amount of material is used
in its construction.
Problem 30. At midnight ship A is 50 km north of ship B. Ship A is sailing south at 20 km/h
and ship Bis sailing west at 10 km/h. At what time v.ill thedistance between the ships be a
minimum?