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Module 05 - Differential Calculus (PART 2)

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15 views1 page

Module 05 - Differential Calculus (PART 2)

Uploaded by

Kris Enriquez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City


Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – Differential Calculus


MAXIMA-MINIMA CURVATURE (Radius and Center of Curvature)
\

CURVATURE
In rectangular form: In parametric form:
|𝒚′′| [𝒇′ 𝒈′′ −𝒇′′𝒈′]
𝑲= 𝟑 𝑲= 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
[𝟏+(𝒚′)𝟐 ]𝟐 (𝒇′ +𝒈′ )𝟐

In polar form:
𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝒓′𝟐 − 𝒓𝒓′′
Fermat’s Theorem: 𝑲= 𝟑
If 𝑓(𝑥) has a local extremum at 𝑥 = 𝑎 and f is differentiable at a, [𝒓𝟐 + (𝒓′ )𝟐 ]𝟐
then 𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = 0.
Radius of Curvature: 𝝆 = 𝟏/𝑲
Steps in solving maxima minima problems:
1. Express the quantity to be maximized in terms of a single
variable function.
2. Differentiate the function determined in 1 and set the derivative
equal to zero.
3. Solve 2 for values of the variable and check if they maximize or
minimize the quantity.
PROBLEM:
1. Find the radius of curvature and the center of curvature of
PROBLEMS:
1. The cost C of a product is a function of the quantity x of the 4𝑦 = 𝑥 2 at (2, 1)
product is given by the equation: 𝐶(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4000𝑥 + 50.
Determine the quantity for which the cost is a minimum. CURVILINEAR MOTION
2. Two Cities are 8 km and 12 km respectively north of a river
that runs due east. The second city is 15 km east of the first.
A pumping station is to be constructed (along the river) to
supply water to the two cities. Where should the station be
located so that the piping material is minimum?
3. A cylindrical steam boiler is to be constructed having a
capacity of 1000 cu. m. The material to be used for the sides
cost P2000 per square meter and for the ends P3000 per
square meter. Find the radius so that the cost is least.

TIME RELATED RATES


If a quantity 𝒙 is a function of time, 𝒕, the time rate of change of this
variable 𝒙 is given by 𝒅𝒙/𝒅𝒕.
For a particle traveling a curved path, the velocity and
Steps in solving time related rate problems: accelerations are defined as:
1. Get the relationship of the variables in the problem and write
them in equation form. 𝒅𝒔
2. Differentiate the function determined in 1 in terms of time. = 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 (𝑽)
3. Determine the value of the variables at specified time of the
𝒅𝒕
problem and solve for the unknown.
𝒅𝑽 𝑽𝟐
𝒂𝒕 = 𝒂𝒏 =
PROBLEMS: 𝒅𝒕 𝑹
1. A balloon is rising vertically over a point on the ground at the
rate 15 cm/s. A second point on the ground is level with and PROBLEM:
30 cm from the first point. When the balloon is 40 cm from the 1
1. A particle moves along the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 with a constant
first point, at what rate is the distance from the second point 2
changing? speed of 5 feet per second. Find the tangential and normal
components of acceleration as the particle passes through the
2. There is a constant inflow of liquid into a conical vessel 15 ft 4 8
deep and 7.5 ft in diameter at the top. Water is rising at the point ( , ).
3 9
rate of 2 ft per minute when the water is 4 ft deep. What is the
rate of inflow in cubic ft per minute?
PARTIAL DERIVATIVES
PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS PROBLEM:
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
1. Given that z = x2 + 3xy – 4y2, determine and
PROBLEMS: 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

1. Given the parametric equations: Some Applications of Partial Derivatives


Equation of Tangent Plane
𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 6𝑡 2 + 5
𝑚1 (𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 ) + 𝑚2 (𝑦 − 𝑦𝑜 ) + 𝑚3 (𝑧 − 𝑧𝑜 )
Find the slope of the curve at t = 2.
Equation of Normal Plane
2. Find the equations of the tangent and the normal of the curve 𝑥−𝑥𝑜 𝑦−𝑦𝑜 𝑧−𝑧𝑜
at the point indicated: = =
𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚3

𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 2𝑒 −𝑡 at t = 0. 2. Find the equation of the tangent plane and normal line to the
ellipsoid 4x2 + y2 + z2 = 36 at the point (2, 2, 4).

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