DPR Bhitri SHP
DPR Bhitri SHP
Prepared by:
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee-247 667
June 2007
Govt. of India, New Delhi
Prepared by:
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee-247 667
June 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
i. Foreward
ii. Executive Summary
iii Salient Features S1-S3
iv. Photographs P1-P5
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Project Sponsor 1
1.3 Nodal Agency & Associated Organizations 1
1.4 Selection of Village for Model DPR 2
1.5 General Information – Village Bhitri 2
1.6 Forest Around Bhitri 4
1.7 Wood as Fuel 4
1.8 Forest Land Under Van Samiti 4
2.1 General 5
2.2 Power / Energy Requirement 6
3.1 Biomass 9
3.2 Biomass Management 11
3.3 Resources of Operation and Maintenance 11
3.4 Monetary Resource 11
3.5 Nodal Agency for Installation of the Plant 11
3.6 O & M Activities 11
CHAPTER – 4 CIVIL WORKS
4.1 Introduction 12
4.2 Civil Works 12
4.3 Construction 13
4.4 Water Supply System and Room 13
4.5 Miscellaneous 14
7.1 Testing 27
7.2 Commissioning 27
7.3 Acceptance Tests at Site 27
11.1 General 39
11.2 Formation of Committee for Supervision of O & M 39
The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India (MNRE) have identified
over 24,000 remote villages which are proposed to be electrified through small renewable
energy sources e.g. Small Hydro Power, Biomass Gasification and Solar Photovoltaic
Technology, so as to improve the well being of population living in the far flung isolated
areas.
To make the Remote Village Electrification (RVE) programme successful, it is necessary that
the planning, design, execution and operation and maintenance of RVE projects is efficient
and reliable and also economical in the long run. MNRE, vide letters number 13/5/2005 – 06
RVE dated 23.12.2005 and even number dated 09.03.2006 has asked the alternate Hydro
Energy Centre, IIT, Roorkee (AHEC) to prepare model detailed project reports (DPRs) for the
following four categories :
The villages are to be selected from the States of Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand
and Uttarakhand to make the DPRs more versatile and practical so that these model DPRs can
be used with slight site specific changes by even those users who may not have much
technical expertise.
This Document has been prepared for RVE through Biomass gasification based electric
Power Plant for the Category “B-1” village: Bhitri (District– Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand) and
also to serve as a Model Document recommended for use as a guide for RVE of similar
category villages (including those ones having some variation in number of house holds) with
plant and site specific modification. Any suggestions from institutions, organizations, users
and interested individuals are welcome. Suggestions should be addressed to:
Head,
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre,
Indian Institute of Technology,
Roorkee – 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
E-mail: ahec@iitr.ernet.in
Fax: +91 – 1332 – 273517.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
With the rapid changing scenario of fast depleting conventional energy sources, rapid
grooving demand of power the future of conventional electric power systems are getting
uncertain. This has led to world wide thrust on development and use of non-conventional
energy sources for electric power generation & use. This coupled with almost no chances of
extending the electric power grids to the village located in the isolated placed deep inside the
forest zone.
Village Bhitri, in the Block Mori of Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand is such a backward
and schedule cast dominated village, where habitants are poor and deprived of normal liying
status. Most of the families are marginal farmers or labourers and are below poverty line and
even some of them are jobless. The Biomass gasifier based electric power plant proposed for
this village will be helpful for:
The project is envisaged to be constructed in a period of 12 months from the date of signing
the contract agreement.
The estimated cost of the proposed 50 kW electric power project works out to Rs. 87.257
lacs. The cost of generation work out to Rs.13.654 per kWh and 18.193 per kWh with
subsidy at 80% & 60% LF respectively and Rs 15.792 per kWh and Rs. 21.043 per kWh
without subsidy at 80% & 60% LF respectively. Villagers are not in a position to bear a part
of the cost of the project or to pay the generation cost as per usage, it is envisaged that each
family will contribute a sum of Rs. 1000.00 towards the capital cost and 4 points load
consumer will pay every month Rs. 150.00 and 3 point load consumer will pay Rs. 100.00
each, on monthly basis.
The running and maintenance of the project will be done by a committee formed by the
villagers and Van Samiti of the Panchayat. The source funding for the as follows:
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP
SALIENT FEATURES
1.1 GENERAL
i. Name of the Project : Biomass based Project, Electric Power
Project for Bhitri Village
ii. Location
a. Village : Bhitri
b. Block : Mori
c. District : Uttarkashi
d. State : Uttarakhand
iii. Access
Road : Dehradun –Mori (240 km) Mori to
Naitwar (12 km), Naitwar to Dhaula
(11 km) Dhaula to Bhitri (6 km)
Bridle path.
iii. Geographical Co-ordinates
a. Latitude : Approx.-31007’12” N
b. Longitude : Approx.-78006’ 11”E
The area is having thick plantation. The dominant species are Kilmora, Burass and Banjh
(oak) Sagon etc. Thick forest is found at a distance nearly 2 km from the Bhitri in the Rupin Nadi
domain.
1.1 INTRODUCTION
There is acute shortage of electric power generation in the country so much so that the
areas already connected to the power grids are subjected to frequent power cuts or
same time due to topographical problem power generation and distribution may not
possible. The available fuel resources being used for electricity generation are getting
fast depleted. These problems and sensitivity coupled with the isolated villages, make
it impossible to connect them with the grid.
The economic and social conditions of the inhabitants of the, isolated, unelectrified
remote villages in the interiors of Uttarakhand State are very poor. Electricity being
one of the basic infrastructural requirements for development and progress, the only
hope in the above scenario is the use of renewable energy sources to generate and
supply electricity to the remote villages. In an effort towards this end, this project has
been conceived for immediate electrification of village Bhitri in the Mori block of
district Uttarkashi in Uttarakhand
The villages are to be selected from the States of Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal,
Jharkhand and Uttaranchal to make the DPRs more versatile and practical so that
these model DPRs can be used with slight site specific changes by even those users
who may not have much technical expertise.
MNRE, Government of India is subsidizing the cost of Remote village electrification
projects to a large extent. The balance project cost is generally met by the Nodal
Agency and the people of the villages.
Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency, has been assigned to carry out
energy development work through non-conventional energy sources by the
Government of Uttarakhand. For the present DPR works UREDA has been nominated
as Nodal Agency by the MNRE.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 1
In identification and selection of the village to be electrified the cooperation was
sought from various Van Samits along with The Department of UREDA.
Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to various remote villages located in the Mori
block for selection of village(s) as per suggestion by UREDA. After gathering
information and data, interacting with the local people and the village level
organizations e.g. Gram Panchayat, Van Surksha Samiti etc and visual survey and
assessment of various aspects related to the generation of power through bio- mass
and electrification of remote village, Bhitri village was selected for preparation of
Model Detailed Project Report.
Here it is intended to electrify the Bhitri, remote village of District Uttarkashi. The
villagers are subjected to isolated life, having limited resources and access. Their
income is also restricted to marginal cultivation, occasional labour and through goats,
poney and poultry trade. People are trying hard to uplift the lifestyle for which they
have established a place for social get togethers club in the village.
To uplift the life of this village dominated by, tribal community (60%), it is essential
to provide electricity so as their living standard can be raised and they can augment
their income through cottage industry etc.
It is next to impossible to get the power through grid, therefore, it has become
imperative to provide the power to this remote village through a non conventional
source of energy. Due to availability of biomass in the surroundings of the village, the
electrification through biomass gassifier has been selected for the village.
Most of the villagers are marginal farmers having limited infrastructural facilities.
Main crops of the area are Potato, Razma, Kulath etc. At places rice and vegetables
are also grown. The main cash crop of the area is Potato Rajma and vegetables, which
are grown by nearly every villager in a typical manner.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 2
Nearly all the inhabitants are engaged in the cultivation and labour related with the
development of Sheep, goats etc.
In general the income of a family varies between Rs.2000.00 to Rs.4000.00 pm. There
is considerable disparity amongst the people of the village. Most of the villagers have
Kachcha tiled roof houses whereas, few poor families have thatched roof houses.
To augment their income most of the families keep domestic animals. Nearly a family
keeps 1 to 2 cows, 1 to 2 buffalos and upto 100 goats. Poultry on small scale also
contribute to their income. Poney is main source of income for them, which is used
for transporting the goods from Dhola to the interior places. In the summer season
they also transport tourists to higher reaches.
1.5.4 Education
Bhitri village is having a one primary and one middle school only. The nearest higher
education college/ school is nearly at Naitwar or Purola. Overall education level of the
village as revealed by Panchayat members is as follows:
Post Graduate - 05
Graduate. - 10
12th standard - 10
10th standard - 25
8th standard - 45
5th standard - 150
1.5.5 Health
People are in general having good health. In case of illness people have to travel to
Mori for preliminary treatment at PHC. For hospital facilities they have to go to
Purola.
Village is located deep in the forest, where transmission lines cannot be drawing
though thick forests. The village is un-electrified and the possibility of getting power
from the grid is also remote. Two or three Villagers do have solar home modules.
Kerosene is being used for illuminating the houses.
Drinking and irrigation water is drawn from the rivulet and Nalas encircling the
village.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 3
1.5.9 Communication
The village is totally isolated and not having any mode of communication with the
rest of the world.
Village is not having any defined grazing grounds whereas forest land or barren waste
land is serving as grazing grounds for domestic cattle’s. Fodder in the form of leaves
and grass is also collected from these areas.
A certain nominal amount of fodder is also obtained by the villagers from the crops.
Bhitri village is located close to the bank of Rupin Nadi which is vegetated area but
the true forest is not found. The dominant species are Kilmora, Burass, Banjh,
Conifers etc.
1.7 WOOD AS FUEL
Villagers are collecting wood from the forest and use it for cooking. Wood logs are
also collected from the forest for construction and repair of the houses. Villagers
collect the wood in their compounds for monsoon and winter seasons. Cow dung from
domestic cattle’s is used for preparation of organic manure.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 4
CHAPTER – 2
2.1 GENERAL
Village Bhitri is located in the higher Himalayas. The villagers are having their houses
spread over a large area on the right side slope of the Rupin Nadi.
In the village most of the houses are Kachcha having tiled roots. Few houses, of poor
people have thatchat roofs. Nearly 45 houses are having 4 to 5 rooms and 100 houses
have 2 to 3 rooms. Gaushalas are generally by the side of these houses. Few families are
having separate Gaushalas.
On detailed questioning and assessment it was found that 45 big houses will opt for 4
points load only. The two points having 15 W CFLs, will be used for illumination
through out the evening and morning hours. One point will be used for radio/television
etc. These house owners will go for one more bright light point (60W). The remaining
points will be used off and on, based on the actual requirement. The smaller houses will
require only 3 points load (15 W CFL, 60 W Blub, 60W TV/Radio). On the whole
two/three illuminating points will have 100% diversity factor and the remaining points
will have 200% diversity factor.
2.1.2 Use of Electricity
i. Out of 145 houses, 45 households will go for 4 points connections and 100
households will take 3 points load. On an average, 3 points will be used by each
household.
The power for domestic purposes will be used for 6 hrs in a day, 2 hrs in the morning
(5.00 to 7.00) and 4 hrs in the evening (1730 to 2130 hrs). In that area sunsets early
and the village life settles around 8 pm, therefore, longer use of power in the evening
is not expected.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 5
It is expected that out of 4 point load people will use 2 points for 15 W, CFLS, 1
point for 60 W bulb, and 1 point for radio/TV, having about 100W load. Thus a total
of 200W load will be taken by 45 households. The 3 points load users will use 1 point
for 15 W CFL, and 2 other points for bulb/other use. Thus a load of about 150 W will
be taken by remaining 100 house holds. On an average a household will have a load
of 165W.
ii . Public lighting up to 15 points @ 18 watts (CFL) per point for 4 hours in the evening.
iv. Multipurpose uses e.g. pumping for irrigation, needs of agro-based cottage industries,
lighting of places of worship, battery charging, needs of shops, clinics etc. which may
come up in due course of time. Power is also required for processing rice in the area.
It is envisaged that the use of power in such activities will be used after the domestic
use hours. Therefore, the requirement of the power for this use is not being accounted
for. Power for such use can be drawn in the day hours by running the power plant.
v. Future expansion: assumed as 15% in ten years. Due to poor living conditions people
are found migrating to better places in search of jobs. This is the main reason for
negligible growth of the village. With the provision of power it is expected that this
migration will be checked to some extent
The requirement has been worked out as per the consideration above and the criteria
discussed below and summarized in Table 2.1. Typical power supply demand and future
programme (Future Vision) are shown in Fig. 2.1.
i. Domestic Uses
-Connected load, as per discussions earlier is 165 W
-Diversity factor
-CFL and 60 W bulb100%
-Other load -200%
-Actual load -123 W
-Supply hours -6hrs/day
-Energy consumption per H.H per day
= 123 X 7 = 861 Watts hrs.
Say = 0.861 kWh/day
-Total power requirement for 145 H.H
= 165 X 145 watts = 23925 kW
Say = 25 kW
- Total energy consumptions per day for 145 H.H
= 0.861 X 145 kWh = 124.845 kWh
ii. Public Lighting
It is proposed that public lighting will be used for 4 hours in the evening and 2
hours in the morning only. The final operation and maintenance is conceived to be
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 6
in the hands of the local body of the village and accordingly public lighting and
other loads will be managed by them as per their choice, and hence the number of
hours of usage will be finalized.
The biomass gasifier based power plant do not yield the desired output and it is
also possible that people may use some equipment continuous duration, therefore,
the capacity of power plant has been taken as 50 kW.
The consumption in respect of multipurpose uses has not been considered here as the
same may take some time to come up. However, depending upon the number of hours of
running of this load additional energy consumption will be there.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 7
The proposed daily use requirement of power and energy consumption is summarized in
Table 2.1 below:
Table : 2.1 – Proposed Daily Use Requirement
Sl. Use Daily Use requirement of
No. Power (kW) Energy (kWh)
1 2 3 4
1. Domestic Use 25.00 124.845
2. Public Lighting 0.270 1.62
Sub Total (Item 1 to 2) 25.27 126.465
4. Future Expansion @15% 3.79 18.97
5. PH Consumption, Losses etc. @ 15% 4.353 30.471
Total 33.373 175.906
Capacity Taken as 50.00 176.00
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 8
50 INDEX
DL- Domestic Load Lighting,
45 Power House Consumption & System Losses (PC & SL)
Radio, T.V. etc.
Future Load Growth (FG)
Power Requirement (kW)
Category -'B' (145 House Holds)
Fig. 2.1: Typical Power Supply Programme (Future Vision For Bhitri Village)-Timings are Adjustable on
Seasonal Basis and other Requirements, if any.
CHAPTER – 3
RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND MANAGEMENT
3.1 BIOMASS
3.1.1 Availability
The above remote electrification scheme requires a suitable, continuous and reliable
source of Biomass, which should be available within 2 to 3 km from the power house
site.
Most of the shrubs have wild and thick growth, and are undesirable elements in the
development and growth of new plants. These shrubs are available in the area which can
be used in the gasifier unit. It is likely that these shrubs may provide fuel for few years
only and based on the long term strategy, these shrubs or fast growing plants like have to
be grown on the panchayat or the Van Samiti land.
The location of power house has been tentatively selected in the central part of the village
close to the houses. Near to this site degraded/waste land having growth of wild shrubs is
existing, which can be utilized for development of biomass for regular supply to the
power house.
This regular supply can be assured through plantation of fast growing trees requiring
minimum water. Considering the topography, drainage and nature of soil, the plantation
of has been found most suitable for the area. Forest Officials were also in agreement with
this. According to them Van Samiti Panchayat can provide land and expertise for the
same.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 9
3.1.3 Plantation of
In general it may require, 4 years period for the plants to grow to the size needed for the
present use. It is suggested that 4 separate areas of the size 5 Ha. each should be ear
marked close to the village and power house plant. A small area has to be earmarked for
the nursery also.
For the first two to three years the waste produced from the resources already available in
the form of shrubs, Pine, Buras, Banjh etc. will be utilized. In the meanwhile the
plantation will be done over the land (20Ha) demarcated in the 4 segments of 5 Ha each.
The nursery will be maintained for regular plantation and replacement of dead plants.
Though the plants will take around years to grow, but the first lot can be drawn from the
3rd year itself as the rainy season in the area is always prolonged, and the growth of plants
is faster.
i. The plantation shall be done by the villagers under the supervision of the Van
Samiti of the village panchayat in a manner that continuous supply of biomass shall
be available for the Gasifier plant, as per the requirement from the 5th year onward.
ii. The households will manage the supply of the biomass to the Gassifier plant by
rotation. The arrangement of the transport will be through carts/or head load as the
distance will not be much.
iii. Biomass will be collected, dried in advance and stocked in the sheds meant for it so
as to ensure reliability.
iv. The nursery will also be managed by the people of the village where the seeds will
be sown as per the requirement, plants shall be grown and maintained for about a
year and then transplanted in the earmarked areas.
vi. A tube-well will be bored in the nursery area for watering the plants.
vii. Plantation will not require regular watering as it is a plant of arid to semiarid region.
viii. The growth rate of the plant being very good, sufficient amount of biomass shall be
available from the said plantation for continuous, successful and reliable working of
the Gasifier plant.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 10
3.2 BIOMASS MANAGEMENT
The management of the Biomass plantation is proposed to be done by the committee
formed by the villagers and Van Samiti under the supervision of UREDA and
Uttarakhand Forest Department.
i. Local person/persons from nearby area having reasonable reading and writing
skills, suitable intellectual capacity and willingness to work as operator/
maintenance staff, is to be identified.
ii. Facility to provide an on situ training to the above persons, is to be provided.
iii. Tools and plants, gadgets, safety equipment, etc. as required for maintaining the
plant and distribution system, are to be provided.
iv. Spare parts for successful operation of the system for 10 years period, are to be
made available.
UREDA, the Nodal Agency for this project will be responsible for planning, designing,
processing the purchase case, placement of order, supervising construction, liaison etc.
The management, operation and maintenance of the plant (including distribution system)
will be carried out by the contractor for initial 5 years period and thereafter by the
committee formed by the Bhitri village in association with Van Samiti and UREDA.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 11
CHAPTER - 4
CIVIL WORKS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The civil structures for the proposed Biomass based Electric Power Plant (BEP) will
comprise:
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 12
4.2.7 Toilet
1.5 m x 3.0 m size toilet will be provided at the site.
4.3 CONSTRUCTION
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 13
iv. Water piping system including bends, sockets, valves, clamps, civil works etc,
will be of galvanized components.
4.5 MISCELLANEOUS
4.5.1 Gate
The main gate is proposed to be 4 m (wide) x 1.80 m (high) comprising 2 panels made
of MS angle frame and rods with guide Track etc. supported on 2 numbers 400 mm x
400 mm RCC pillars on both sides.
4.5.2 Fencing
Pre-cast RCC posts, 2 m high with 0.3 m bend at the top, is to be erected and chain
link fencing (50 mm x 50 mm x 8 SWG size) fixed with the RCC posts by means of
galvanized clips to a grid of horizontal strands of galvanized high tensile spring 12
SWG steel wire.
4.5.9 Painting
Steel work is to shall be thoroughly cleaned of rust, loose scales, dust etc. as per latest
edition of IS: 1477-part-I and given one coat of red oxide paint conforming to IS:
2074 applied as per IS: 1477-part-II. Over surface inaccessible after placing in
position, two coats of red oxide paint should be applied.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 14
CHAPTER -5
POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT
The use of small down draft gasifier has long history in the world. During the world war-II,
number of cars, buses and boats were operated by down draft gasifier using wood as fuel.
The down draft gasifier have a number of advantages over the others, which make it most
convenient and efficient to use. The main advantage of down draft gasifier is the fact that
the pyrolysis products have to flow co-currently through the hot combustion and
gasification zones, where most of tars are decomposed and oxidized. Thus the producer gas
from a down draft gasifier, after simple filtration and cooling, can be used in an internal
combustion engine. Hence down draft type gasifier is recommended for power plant.
The capacity of the gasifier should be suitable to operate 50 kW (electrical net output) gas
engine genset with likely gross output of 60 kWe.
Reactor inner shell, combustion cone, scrubber, throat and nozels to be of stainless steel.
The other non MOC part should be of standard carbon steel.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 15
feeding should be online without
stoppage of system.
Ash Char Removal - Continuous online.
Filtering Arrangement - Minimum One no. Check (fabric) filter
and two nos. of fine filters along with
wet scrubber to be provided. Biological
filter media shall be used in fine filter.
5.1.7 Blower
i. The blower should be of suitable rating and capacity as per the Standard
Specifications followed.
ii. The body and the impeller shall be made of SS-316 having thickness not less
than 2.5 mm and 2 mm respectively and suitable for the required flow rate and
pressure.
iii. The blower is required to be suitable for regulating the gas flow and its flaring as
and when necessary.
5.1.8 Pumps
Pumps of suitable rating and quality as per the Standard Specifications to be followed and
having preferably rotational speed of 1500 rpm should be provided for:
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 16
i. Cleaning and cooling of the producer gas.
ii. Cleaning of ash pond(s).
Control panels of suitable dimensions, quality material and thickness mounted with
protection equipment for required degree of protection and necessary indicators related to
the operation of vibrators, motors, blowers, pumps etc and sensing devices e.g. temperature
etc. as per relevant Standards are to be provided at appropriate locations as per Approved
drawings.
i. Position
The Gas Engine is proposed to be centrally mounted, having properly aligned
bearings. All the bearings should be guaranteed for 5 years.
i. Pressure Gauges
A pressure gauge is recommended to be provided in the P.H. to read the pressure of
Gas just before it enters the Gas Engine. It should have scale to read approximately
half- scale at gross head.
All moving parts should be shielded by a strong and durable wire mesh. The size of
the wire mesh should be small enough to prevent the entry of hands and arms of the
children. The guards should be electrically earthed and kept permanently secured by
locks.
A set of recommended spare parts in respect of gasifier and gas engine for five
years’ successful operation should be provided.
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5.1.15 Tools
i. Set of Tools
A set of tools is recommended to be provided. The set should include tools to test
alignment and case tolerances e.g. string, steel rule, measuring tape, square, feeler
gauge, dial gauge, sprit level etc.
The type tests should be performed as per the relevant Standards followed. The equipment
offered should with stand these tests successfully or as per the recommendations /
methodology of Gasifier Action Research Projects (GARP) carried out under the Ministry
of New Renewable Energy Sources (MNRE), Govt. of India.
d. Location
The over current and the earth fault protection may be placed in the same
box with each one clearly labeled but the mounting should not be on the
generator body (so as to avoid vibration damage). These should be placed at
least 1m above the floor level and as close to the generator as possible with
properly fixed and sealed conduit protecting the cable to the generator.
The ELCB should be connected to the generator and then the over current
trip should be connected to the ELCB.
To protect the power house and the consumers, lightning arrestors are proposed to be
provided on each phase as below:
i. 1 arrestor on the first pole out side the P.H. and 1 arrestor per km of distribution line,
ii. An additional arrestor, if a consumer is more than 500 m away from the arrestor.
5.2.2.4 Instrumentation
i. Placement
These, except the kWh meter, may be included on the controller box. The height
should be at the eye level or 1.5 m above the floor level.
ii. Meters
Voltmeter, Ammeter, Frequency meter, Wattmeter, Ballast meter (in ELC system, 3
ballast meters- 1 per phase) shall be provided.
A switch, rated at current equal to or higher than that of O/C trip, should be provided in the
P.H. to isolate the distribution system from the generator.
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5.2.2.7 Earthing
5.2.2.8 Lighting
5.2.2.10 Sockets
Two or more sockets (outlets) should be provided for use of electrical appliances. The
sockets should be placed at least 1 m above the floor.
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5.2.2.11 Shielding
i. Cables and their connections to Units is proposed to be shielded both by conduit and
by their insulation. The connections should be with in the closed casings.
ii. All live surfaces and points should be fully and reliably shielded from human
contact.
iii. Door interlock isolators should hall be provided on control gear with voltages above
50 V so as to ensure safe working.
The producer gas being a mixture of Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen, Methane etc., toxic,
explosion and fire hazards are associated with it. Proper design, construction, operational
methodology etc. should be used to safe guard against the hazards e.g. :
i. The biomass is fed through the feed door and stored in the hopper. Limited and
controlled amount of air for partial combustion enters through air nozzles. The throat
(or hearth) ensures relatively clean and good quality gas production. The reactor
holds charcoal for reduction of partial combustion products while allowing the ash
the escape through perforated sheet provided in reactor. It is then turn taken out
through manual ash collection cone after one shift of 8 hours of operation.
ii. The gas passes through the annulus area of reactor from upper portion of the
perforated sheet. The gas outlet is connected with the various downstream system
viz venture scrubber, water junction box, fine filter, safety filter, flare with valve and
gas control valve. Gas produced in gasifier is scrubbed and cooled in scrubber with
re-circulating cooling water in cooling pond with the help of DC scrubber pump.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 21
iii. Gas is separated from water in water junction box and introduced in fine filter and a
safety fabric filter.
iv. Cool and clean gas and air is then sucked into the engine through a gas train
consisting of piping and valves arrangement.
v. The gasifier is started with a battery or auxiliary genset, which initially provide
auxiliaries power to DC scrubber pump, to start the gasifier system
vi. The producer gas then starts engine on gas mode.
vii. Governor linked control butterfly is provided to vary the gas quantity as per
electrical load on the generator, keeping frequency within limits.
viii. Engine gasifier control panel provides for all switching, indications and safety of
operation.
ix. An electric driven biomass cutter and engine hot exhaust based wood pieces drying
arrangement is also provided to make the system self-sufficient.
Three (3) copies of maintenance manual should be provided. A logbook, in the format as
per the Maintenance-Training Manual, should be provided.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 22
CHAPTER - 6
POWER EVACUATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
6.1 CONSUMER VOLTAGE VARIATION AND POWER FACTOR
The consumer voltage shall be within ± 10% of 230 V and the P.F. shall not be below
0.8.
iii. Load distribution design so as to enable proper balancing of load on all the links.
i. All the consumer circuits should be provided with isolation switches and fuses or
MCBs and labeled in local language. A well-illustrated electrical booklet is to be
provided for each house hold.
ii. If the number of consumers is large, isolation switches shall be provided to cluster
of consumers.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 23
iv. Where the number of consumers is large and spurious triggering of a single
ELCB in the power house poses a problem, it is recommended that clusters are
protected by ELCBs. These can be located in side the power house or out side in
water proof housing. In the later case, it is recommended that the power house is
also fitted with an ELCB having reduced sensitivity and response time.
iv. The earth faults are required to be located with out undue delay. This can be
provided by an ELCB. If the P.H. ELCB trips, the first step is to isolate the P.H.
and then restart the generator. If the P.H. ELCB stays un-tripped, the fault is in
the distribution system. Then isolate clusters of consumers or all individual
consumers. Progressive switching in of consumers will reveal the location of
fault.
MCBs of appropriate size (0.5 A for 100W and 1 A for 200 W) are recommended to be at
load points and PVC insulated cables of 1mm sq. for house wiring for maximum load of
less than 200 W.
6.7 CABLES
i. Aluminium, copper, ACSR and high strength aluminium alloy overhead cables
are recommended for use (under ground cables, being costly, may not be used).
ii. Minimum ground clearances for overhead lines are 5.8m across motorable roads,
5.5m by the side of motorable roads and 3 m over open ground. The minimum
horizontal top clearance is 1.5 m.
iii. In heavily vegetated areas, insulated cables are recommended for use.
iv. Sags and tensions of cables, size of poles, types of insulators etc. are to be used as
per the REC construction Standards.
vi. The spacing shall be 300mm between conductors for a vertical arrangement of
overhead lines and the neutral conductor shall be at the lowest.
vii. The joints must be durable, strong, adequate for their purpose and visible. Bi-
metallic clamps should be used for joints, which connect dissimilar metals.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 24
6.8 TYPE OF POLES
6.8.1 Materials
This could be hard wood, reinforced or pre-stressed concrete or galvanized pipe. The
wooden poles should be treated / painted and the steel poles painted for longer life. If
care for safety can be ensured, the trees may be used for laying the cables.
6.8.4 Insulators
i. For bare cables, LT insulators are recommended for use.
ii. For insulated cables, nylon bobbins or telecom insulators may be used as partial
insulators.
iii. The connections are to be carried out as per REC Standards.
6.8.5 Stays
Stays must be used at the first and the last poles of the straight lines and also at any turns.
i. MCBs shall be used as load limiters as incoming protection device (0.5A for 100
W and 1 A for 200 W). Appropriate MCBs are to be installed as the main
incomers for other loads.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 25
ii. One circuit with 1 sq. mm cable can be used for installations up to 1kW. The wire
shall be of 600 V grade insulation.
iii. Standard switches designed for 230 V AC shall be used.
iii. Conduits shall be used wherever mechanical protection is needed and the wires
can be clipped onto the wooden parts for running on the roof section.
Individual units, e.g. controller box, shall be provided with temper proofing or be sealed
to ensure assess by the specialist service technicians only.
Maintenance manual should be provided and kept in place for use during O & M of PH.
i. Generator neutral earthing and all the exposed metal bodies of the installation
shall be earthed at the installation.
ii. Use of ELCBs: residual current devices (RCD) shall be provided.
iii. Size and class of wire: the wire shall be 600 V grade. Appropriate size of the
cable shall be provided taking into consideration voltage drop requirement and
length of the circuit – 1 sq. mm cable can be used for circuit length of 30 m (with
voltage drop provision of 4 % from the origin of the installation)
Selection of cables should be made keeping in view the basic requirements, cost
effectiveness and the environmental etc.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 26
CHAPTER – 7
7.1 TESTING
Testing of equipment and works are recommended to be carried out as per the
relevant I.S./ I.E.C. / any other equivalent Standards/recommendations of the Gasifier
Action Research Projects (GARP) under MNRE, Govt. of India.
7.2 COMMISSIONING
After the erection and testing of the equipment/works as per above, commissioning of
the plant and works, should be carried out to ensure activities of functional working of
the complete system after erection and testing, including tuning or adjustment of the
equipment for optimum performance and demonstrating to the Purchaser that the
equipment performance meets the requirements of the specifications.
It is proposed to carry out tests to obtain the guaranteed out put and efficiency at the
site as per the recommendations of the standards.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 27
CHAPTER – 8
PROJECT IMPLIMENTATION STRATAGY
8.1 GENERAL
The project is located in a remote area, where coordination with various organization
is essential and hence.
A three-tier arrangement is proposed for project implementation.
8.2 ARRANGEMENT
8.2.1 Nodal Agency
UREDA, will be the Nodal Agency, which will have the following functions:
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 28
a. Collection of wood (Shrubs) from the surroundings for bio-gassifers, for
the first three years.
b. Preparation of ground, sowing the seeds, watering, fertilizer input, use of
pesticide if required etc.
c. Transplantation in the plots,
d. Watering, routine after-care.
e. Watch and ward.
f. Annual cleaning of the area.
g. Harvesting by rotation.
h. Supplying of the plants logs to the Biomass store shed.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 29
CHAPTER – 8
PROJECT IMPLIMENTATION STRATAGY
8.1 GENERAL
The project is located in a remote area, where coordination with various organization
is essential and hence.
A three-tier arrangement is proposed for project implementation.
8.2 ARRANGEMENT
8.2.1 Nodal Agency
UREDA, will be the Nodal Agency, which will have the following functions:
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 28
a. Collection of wood (Shrubs) from the surroundings for bio-gassifers, for
the first three years.
b. Preparation of ground, sowing the seeds, watering, fertilizer input, use of
pesticide if required etc.
c. Transplantation in the plots,
d. Watering, routine after-care.
e. Watch and ward.
f. Annual cleaning of the area.
g. Harvesting by rotation.
h. Supplying of the plants logs to the Biomass store shed.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 29
CHAPTER – 9
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
Construction activities have been shown in the Bar Chart (Fig. 9.1). The period for
various construction activities have been taken as below:
Days
i. Contractors mobilization 15
ii. Survey & Investigation 15
iii. Preparation of Drawings & Documents & Submission 30
iv. Checking of Drawings, Documents & Approval 30
v. Construction of Civil Works 60
vi. Manufacture & Supply of Equipment, Material F.O.R. Site 75
vii. Installation of Gasifier System 30
viii. Installation of Generator & Auxiliaries 15
ix. Installation of Control, Protection & Metering System 15
x. Installation of Distribution System 30
xi. Installation of House Wiring & Meters (Where necessary) 30
xii. Testing & Commissioning 30
xiii. Others Works 15
xiv. Trial Run 30
Trial run period of 15 days has been considered to ensure safe and reliable operation
of the plant as it has been noticed that at times the plant is erected & commissioned
but then it goes out of operation for some reason or the other and then, the plant
remains idle for a considerable period before being put back on operation.
The place being remote, located deep in the forest and connected through kachcha
forest road which becomes problematic during monsoons and rainy days, some period
is likely to be lost causing delays. Some time margin has been considered for the
same. However, the contractor may finish the whole work in lesser period if possible.
The O & M will start after successful commissioning and operational trial of the plant
and the system.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 30
9.3 BIOMASS SUPPLY FOR THE PLANT
The Chir plantation is going to take some time and additional period is required for
the growth to the size enough for use. It is proposed that plantation be made
immediately after the survey and investigation work is over. During the period of
initial run of the plant, and the initial three years period, the supply may be taken from
the surroundings and the forest. After three years period the Chir plots will have
sufficient quantity of Biomass and it will not be required to be taken from the forest.
The O & M is proposed to be carried out by the contractor for initial 5 years and
thereafter the plant will be run by the villagers.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 31
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/ Model DPR/BEP
Pre-
Construction Construction Period O&M Period
Sl. Period
ACTIVITIES
No. Months Months Years
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5
I PRE-CONTRACT ACTIVITIES
1 Preparation of bid document
2 NIT & bid Receipt
3 Bid Finalization, placing order and signing of contract
II CONTRACTUAL ACTIVITIES
1 Contractor mobilization
2 Survey & investigation
3 Preparation of Drawings , Documents & Submission
4 Checking of Drawings & approval by Purchaser
5 Construction of Civil Works
6 Manufacture & supply of Equipment, Material F.O.R. Site
32
The cost of the civil works, plant and the system, is shown in Tables – 10.2, 10.3,
10.4, 10.5 & 10.6 the over all cost estimate in Table – 10.1.
1 2 3
I Works
A Preliminary
0.500
B Land (as per Table 10.2) 0.000
C Civil Works (as per Table 10.3) 33.62
J Power Plant System (as per Table 10.4) 42.34
H Distribution System (as per Table 10.5) 4.10
K Buildings Nil
M Plantation (Subabul Plantation for Biomass) 4.160
O Miscellaneous 0.000
Total I – Woks 84.72
I Establishment (2% of I works excluding Buildings) 1.694
II Suspense Nil
III Receipts and recoveries Nil
IV Indirect Charges (1% of I – works for Audits Accounts) 0.843
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 33
TABLE – 10.2: COST OF LAND
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 34
TABLE – 10.4: COST OF THE PLANT
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 35
TABLE – 10.6: COST OF THE BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Total 87.257
10.3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The financial analysis has been carried out as per Tables –10.7, 10.8, 10.9 & 10.10.
The cost of generation and the results are given below:
10.3.1 Cost of Generation
i. Without Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 15.792
b. At 60% LF : 21.043
ii. With Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 13.654
b. At 60% LF : 18.193
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 36
TABLE 10.7: COST OF GENERATION WITHOUT SUBSIDY
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 37
TABLE 10.9 : STATEMENT OF YEARLY WORKING EXPENSES
Total 5.041
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 38
CHAPTER -11
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PLANT & SYSTEM
11.1 GENERAL
After the plant and system is tested commissioned and the trial period is over, the
operation and maintenance for 5 years period will be the responsibility of the contractor
who has supplied, erected tested and commissioned the plant and the system. The
contractor may net use100% of his own staff and may require certain number of
additional persons for managing O&M under the guidance of his limited staff. The
Village Energy Committee (VEC) may arrange for the same from amongst the people of
the village, depending on the age, physical so mental health, willingness and the
educational qualifications.
11.2 FORMATION OF COMMITTEE FOR SUPERVISION OF O & M
i. Executive Committee
The VEC will make an Executive Committee of 5 persons which will supervise and
monitor:
a. Day to day functioning of the plant & system
b. Monitor day to collection of revenue & Expenditure
ii. Staff
Following Staff is proposed to be appointed by VEC from amongst the villagers:
a. Manager : 1 No.
b. Operational Staff : 6 Nos.
iii. Record Keeping
Following record is suggested to be kept and maintained by the VEC.
a. Daily wood stock receipt indicating: Sl. No., Date Name of Villager and Quantity
(kg)/Rate/Value
b. Stock Register recording : Sl. No., Date, Quantity Received
c. Issue Register: Recording Sl. No., Date, Quantity issued and signatures of the
receiver
d. Ledger showing daily receipt and issue of wood
e. Cash receipt register
f. Cash book
g. Ledger
h. Bank Pass Book & Cheque Book
i. General Stock & Issue Register
j. Register for Consumables
iv. Supervision & Maintenance of Record
a. The manager will keep maintain the record, write cash book & maintain the
account
b. VEC executive will check the accounts monthly
c. General Meeting of VEC will be held every quarter in which manager will place
before it the records, accounts and status of the plant.
d. An annual audit of accounts assets and liabilities will be got carried out by a
competent chartered Account appointed for the purpose by the Nodal Agency
Appropriate action will be taken by the Nodal Agency after careful examination.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 39
CHAPTER – 12
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND BENEFITS
i. Water is re-circulated in closed loop from cooling pond to gassifier scrubber. One has to
replenish water pond to compensate evaporation losses and that depends upon the
duration of operation in a day, usually, ½ liter of water per unit of electricity generated is
to be added as make up water.
ii. Sediment free water can be used for gassifier/cooling pond and hence, it does not require
any special water treatment. Whereas, occasionally pH of water is to be rectified.
iii. The other discharges from gasifier are charcoal and ash. Both are of biological nature
and biodegradable. 10% dry charcoal can be used again in gasifier while rest can be used
as cooking fuel or as an activated carbon in air dryer or as earthing material in electrical
towers/connections. Ash can be used as filling materials in large pits or briquettes of ash
can be made and sold as fuel cake.
iv. Gas from gasifier is fed directly into engine without any atmospheric discharge while
flare is given to occasionally check the quality of gas generated in gasifier and during the
stoppage of the system.
v. The major gaseous emission from the power pack is from engine exhaust only. Exhaust
from gas engine using producer gas is cleaner than conventional fuel due to absence of
sulphur in biomass. The suspended particulate matter in these exhaust gases is always
insignificant.
vi. Gasifier being a renewable source of energy equipment, is considered greener
technology free from any major environmentally adverse effects.
vii. Gasifier does not have any noise making components except motors, of small capacity.
viii. Alternator/engine will also cause some noise but it will be well within the limits.
ix. The use of wood in the gassifier for the first three years will damage the vegetation of
the area. Only Putus and Kaknauda shrubs will used as biomass in the gassifier. These
shrubs are not considered healthy for the growth of the forest and are removed
periodically. Thus the removed of these shrubs will enhance the growth of Sal trees in
the forest.
12.2 BENEFITS
i. With the provision of electricity in the village, the life of backward and Harijan
Community constituting the population of the village will be uplifted.
ii. Provision of electricity will provide opportunities to the villagers to have cottage
industries. This will enhance their economic status.
iii. School going children will have better studying conditions in the homes.
iv. With the provision of power in the area, the pressure on wood will reduce considerably.
v. With the betterment of lining conditions due to cooperation from the forest department,
the people will have a different attitude towards the forest resources which will
ultimately result in saving the forest.
AHEC/MNRE/C-347/AAS/Model DPR/BEP 40
LIST OF PERSONNEL INVOLVEMENT
II. CONSULTANTS
III. ASSISTANTS
INDIA
Srinagar
JAMMU & KASHMIR
HIMACHAL
PRADESH
Shimla
PUNJAB
Chandigarh
UTTARAKHAND
HARYANA
DELHI ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
NEPAL
RAJASTHAN SIKKIM B HUTAN Itanagar
Gangtok
Jaipur UTTAR PRADESH
ASSAM UTTARKASHI
Lucknow Guwahati NAGALAND
Shilong Kohima
BIHAR
MEGHALAYA Imphal
Patna
BANGLA DESH MANIPUR RUDRAPRAYAG
TRIPURA
Agartala Aizawl
WEST MIZORAM
Gandhinagar Bhopal BENGAL
MADHYA PRADESH
Calcutta DEHRADUN TEHRI GARHWAL
GUJARAT
CHAMOLI
Bhubneshwar
Bombay
MAHARASHTRA ORISSA BAGESHWAR
HARDWAR GARHWAL
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
ALMORA PITHORAGARH
Hyderabad
ANDHRA
PRADESH
GOA
Panji
KARNATAKA NAINITAL
CHAMPAWAT
Bangalore
Madras
KERLA
Trivendram
SRI LANKA
UTTARAKHAND
Drg.No C- 361-1
Index Map of Village Bhitri