TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.
i. Foreward
ii. Executive Summary
iii Salient Features S1-S3
iv. Photographs P1-P10

CHAPTER – 1 BASIC DATA

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Project Sponsor 1
1.3 Nodal Agency & Associated Organizations 1
1.4 Selection of Village for Model DPR 2
1.5 General Information – Village Goriya Dih 2
1.6 Forest Around Goriya Dih 4
1.7 Wood as Fuel 5
1.8 Forest Land Under Van Samiti 5

CHAPTER – 2 LOAD ASSESSMENT/ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND

INSTALLED CAPACITY

2.1 General 6
2.2 Power / Energy Requirement 7

CHAPTER – 3 RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND MANAGEMENT

3.1 Biomass 10
3.2 Biomass Management 11
3.3 Resources of Operation and Maintenance 12
3.4 Monetary Resource 12
3.5 Nodal Agency for Installation of the Plant 12
3.6 O & M Activities 12
CHAPTER – 4 CIVIL WORKS
4.1 Introduction 13
4.2 Civil Works 13
4.3 Construction 13
4.4 Water Supply System and Room 14
4.5 Miscellaneous 15

CHAPTER – 5 POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT

5.1 Types of Gasifier 16
5.2 Electro-Mechanical Equipment 19
5.3 Process of Gasifier 21
5.4 Maintenance Manual and Log Book 22
5.5 Proposed Spares 22
CHAPTER – 6 POWER EVACUATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

6.1 Consumer Voltage Variation and Power Factor 23

6.2 Provision of ELCBs and Load Limitors 23
6.3 Lightning Protection 23
6.4 Distribution Plan 23
6.5 Isolators / Fuses / ELCBs 23
6.6 Load Limiters 24
6.7 Cables 24
6.8 Type of Poles 24
6.9 House Wiring 25
6.10 Temper Proofing 25
6.11 Maintenance Manual 25
6.12 Labels and Notices 25
6.13 Line Distribution System 26
6.14 Selection of Cable 26

CHAPTER – 7 TESTING & COMMISSIONING

7.1 Testing 27
7.2 Commissioning 27
7.3 Acceptance Tests at Site 27

CHAPTER – 8 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

8.1 General 28
8.2 Arrangement 28

CHAPTER – 9 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

9.1 Pre-Construction Activities 30

9.2 Construction Activities/Period 30
9.3 Bio Mass Supply for the Plant 31
9.4 Contractual Period of O & M 31

CHAPTER – 10 ESTIMATES AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

10.1 Cost of the Plant and System 32
10.2 Funding for Construction of Plant 35
10.3 Financial analysis 35

CHAPTER – 11 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PLANT & SYSTEM

11.1 General 40
11.2 Formation of Committee for Supervision of O & M 40

CHAPTER – 12 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND BENEFITS

12.1 Environmental Impacts 41

12.2 Benefits 41
PHOTOGRAPHS AND FIGURES

DRAWINGS

i. Tentative Layout of Distribution Line in Village Goriya Dih C-340-1

ii. Plant Layout of Power Generation Plan C-340-2
iii. Schematic Diagram of Power Generation Plant C-340- 3
iv. Layout Plan and Sectional Elevation of Power Generation Plant C-340-4
v. Biomass store shed and open yard C-340-5
vi. Single Line Diagram E-340-1
 FOREWORD
(This Foreword is not part of the Model DPR)

The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Government of India (MNES) have

identified over 24,000 remote villages which are proposed to be electrified through small
renewable energy sources e.g. Small Hydro Power, Biomass Gasification and Solar
Photovoltaic Technology, so as to improve the well being of population living in the far flung
isolated areas.

To make the Remote Village Electrification (RVE) programme successful, it is necessary that
the planning, design, execution and operation and maintenance of RVE projects is efficient
and reliable and also economical in the long run. MNES, vide letters number 13/5/2005 – 06
RVE dated 23.12.2005 and even number dated 09.03.2006 has asked the alternate Hydro
Energy Centre, IIT, Roorkee (AHEC) to prepare model detailed project reports (DPRs) for the
following four categories :

1. Category “A – 1” Village with 40 households in the hilly area.

2. Category “A – 2” Village with 40 households in the plain area.
3. Category “B – 1” Village with 200 households in the hilly area.
4. Category “B – 2” Village with 200 households in the plain area.

The villages are to be selected from the States of Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand
and Uttaranchal to make the DPRs more versatile and practical so that these model DPRs can
be used with slight site specific changes by even those users who may not have much
technical expertise.

This Document has been prepared for RVE through Biomass gasification based electric
Power Plant for the Category “A-2” village: Goriya Dih (Block-Koderma, District –
Koderma, State - Jharkhand) and also to serve as a Model Document recommended for use as
a guide for RVE of similar category villages (including those ones having some variation in
number of house holds) with plant and site specific modification. Any suggestions from
institutions, organizations, users and interested individuals are welcome. Suggestions should
be addressed to:
Head,
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre,
Indian Institute of Technology,
Roorkee – 247667, Uttaranchal, India.

E-mail: ahec@iitr.ernet.in
Fax: +91 – 1332 – 273517.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

With the rapid changing scenario of fast depleting conventional energy sources, rapid
grooving demand of power the future of conventional electric power systems are getting
uncertain. This has led to world wide thrust on development and use of non-conventional
energy sources for electric power generation & use. This coupled with almost no chances of
extending the electric power grids to the villages located deep in the forest due to problems
associated with drawing power lines through it, use of non-conventional energy sources
remains the only alternative for providing electricity.

Goriya Dih, in the Koderma district of Jharkhand is such a backward and schedule cast
dominated village, where habitants are poor. Most of the families are marginal farmers and
the people are below poverty line and even some of them are jobless. The Biomass gasifier
based electric power plant proposed for this village will be helpful for:

i. Improving the condition of village.

ii. Generate new opportunities for upliftment.
iii. Providing light to school going children for study promising better future.
iv. Providing drinking water facility in the village.
v. Creating awareness about the renewable sources of energy and using them for
entrepreneurship like cottage industries etc.

The project is envisaged to be constructed in a period of 12 months from the date of signing
the contract agreement.

The estimated of the proposed 10 kW electric power project works out to Rs. 17.554 lacs and
cost of generation as Rs. 13.438 and Rs. 17.918 per kWh respectively at 80% and 60% LF
with subsidy and Rs. 16.328 and Rs. 21.771 per kWh respectively at 80% and 60% LF
without subsidy. Villagers are not in a position to bear a part of the cost of the project or to
pay the generation cost as per usage, it is envisaged that each family will contribute a sum of
Rs. 500.00 towards the capital cost and 5 point load consumer will pay Rs. 150.00 and 3
point load consumer will pay Rs. 100.00 each.

The running and maintenance of the project will be done by a committee formed by the
villagers and Van Samiti of the Panchayat.

i. Incentive subsidy by MNES : Rs. 4.765 lacs

ii. One time contribution by villagers : Rs. 0.305 lacs
iii. Balance to be paid by Nodal Agency : Rs. 12.484 lacs.
 SALIENT FEATURES
1.1 GENERAL
i. Name of the Project : Biomass based Project, for Goriya Dih
Village
ii. Location
a. Village : Goriya Dih
b. Block : Koderma
c. District : Koderma
d. State : Jharkhand
iii. Access
a. Rail : Koderma
b. Road : Koderma Goriya Dih highway (12
km) upto Maheshpur, Maheshpur to
Dhab (16 km) mettalled road and
Dhab to Goriya Dih (6 km) Kutccha
forest road
iii. Geographical Co-ordinates
a. Latitude : Approx. 240 35’28.8” N
b. Longitude : Approx. 850 43’39” E
iv. Climatic Conditions
a. Temperature (ºC) : 420C Max.0.50C Min.
b. Humidity (%) : 90% Max. 25% Min.
c. Period of Rainfall : June 20 to September 15
d. Rainfall : Approx. 1300 mm
v. Land for Project Construction
a. At Biomass source Site : To be earmarked by Van Samiti Village
b. At proposed plant site near : Goriya Dih or to be procured from
villagers.
the Village
vi. Approximate distance of
a. Biomass Source from Village : Surrounding the village:- 1 to 2 km
b. Proposed Plant site : By the side of the Village.
1.2 DETAILS OF BIOMASS AVAILABLE IN THE FOREST IN THE
SURROUNDING AREA
The details are given in Table below:
Sl. No. Type % Availability Average Height (m) Average Girth (cm)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1. Main
i. Sal 21 26 65
ii. Palas 15 8 45
iii. Mahua 40 15 90
iv. Shemal 48 20 100
v. Khair 12 6 40
vi. Karaiya 10 10 35
AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP S-1
 Sl. No. Type % Availability Average Height (m) Average Girth (cm)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
vii. Tendu 10 25 65
viii. Bans 20 10 12
ix. Sheesham 5 12 70
2. Shrubs
1. Putus 100 5-10 -
2. Kanauda 100 15-20 -
3. Proposed
for Gasifier
Plant
i. Subabool To be grown by To be grown 20 for use in the plant
rotation on 5 year to 2.5 (Approx.)
basis as per
requirement
1.3 CIVIL STRUCTURES (Date given here are Tentative only)
Proposed Land for:
i. Biomass store shed with open yard : 5.0 m x 3.0 m, 4 m x 5 m
ii. Cooling Pond : 2.0 m x 1.50 m x 1.50
iii. Gasifier shed : 3.0 m x 2.5 m
iv. Power Plant Building : 3.0 m x 2.0 m
v. Control Room : 3.50 m x 3.0 m
vi. Toilet : 3.0 m x 1.50 m
1.4 POWER HOUSE (Date given here are Tentative only)

i. Gassifier Type : Down Draft

ii. Gas Engine
a. Nos. : 1
b. Rating : 11 kW Approx. but suitable for
10 kW generator terminal output
c. Rated Speed : 1500 rpm
iii. Generator
a. Nos. : 1
b. Power Output Rating : > 12.5 kVA
c. Nominal Voltage of Generation : 400-430 V
d. Frequency : 50 Hz + 3%
e. Power Factor : 0.8 lag
f. Cooling : Natural / Open
g. Phase : 3Ø
1.5 POWER EVACUATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Distribution System shall be made as per the site conditions and location of various house
holds and other user points.

AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP S-2

 a. No. of House Holds : 61 (Approx.)
b. L.T. Distribution Line
• No. of Lines : 2
• Voltage : 230 V
• Length of Line : 2.5 km (Approx.)

c. No. of Street Light Points : 8 (Approx.)

1.6 ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROJECT

i. Cost of Civil Works : Rs. 3.643 Lac

ii. Cost of the Plant : Rs. 8.000 Lac
iii. Distribution System : Rs. 4.000 Lac
iv. Other expenses : Rs. 1.911 Lac
v. Total Project Cost : Rs. 17.554 Lac

1.7 COST OF GENERATION

i. Without Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 16.328
b. At 60% LF : 21.771
ii. With Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 13.438
b. At 60% LF : 17.918

AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP S-3

 CHAPTER – 1
BASIC DATA

1.1 INTRODUCTION

There is acute shortage of electric power generation in the country so much so that the
areas already connected to the power grids are subjected to frequent power cuts. The
available fuel resources being used for electricity generation are getting fast depleted.
This problems and sensitivity coupled with drawing the Electric Power lines through
deep forest, the cost involved in extending the power grids and cost and problems in
O & M of the line make it almost impossible to make grid the electricity reach the
remote villages.

The economic and social conditions of the inhabitants of the unelectrified remote
villages in the Jharkhand State are poor. Electricity being one of the basic
infrastructural requirements for development and progress, the only hope in the above
scenario is the use of renewable energy sources to generate and supply electricity to
the remote villages. In an effort towards this end, this project has been conceived for
immediate electrification of village Goriya Dih in the Koderma district of Jharkhand.

1.2. PROJECT SPONSOR

MNES, vide letters number 13/5/2005 – 06 RVE dated 23.12.2005 and even number
dated 09.03.2006 has asked the alternate Hydro Energy Centre, IIT, Roorkee (AHEC)
to prepare model detailed project reports (DPRs) for the following four categories:

1. Category “A – 1” Village with 40 households in the hilly area.

2. Category “A – 2” Village with 40 households in the plain area.
3. Category “B – 1” Village with 200 households in the hilly area.
4. Category “B – 2” Village with 200 households in the plain area.

The villages are to be selected from the States of Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal,
Jharkhand and Uttaranchal to make the DPRs more versatile and practical so that
these model DPRs can be used with slight site specific changes by even those users
who may not have much technical expertise.

MNES, GOI is subsidizing the cost of RVE projects to a large extent. The balance
project cost is generally met by the Nodal Agency and the people of the villages.

1.3. NODAL AGENCY & ASSOCIATED ORGANIZATIONS

Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency, Ranchi has been assigned to

carry out energy development work through non-conventional energy sources by the
Government of Jharkhand. For the present DPR works JREDA has been nominated as
Nodal Agency by the MNES.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 1

 In identification and selection of the village to be electrified the cooperation was
sought from Departments of Forest Jharkhand and various Van Samits along with The
Departments of JREDA.

1.4. SELECTION OF VILLAGE FOR MODEL DPR

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to various remote villages located in the

Koderma forest areas for selection of village(s) as per suggestion by JREDA Ranchi.
After gathering information and data, interacting with the local people and the village
level organizations e.g. Gram Panchayat, Van Surksha Samiti etc and visual survey
and assessment of various aspects related to the generation of power through bio-
mass and electrification of remote village, Goriya Dih village was selected for
preparation of Model Detailed Project Report.

Here it is intended to electrify the remote village of Goriya Dih located deep within
the Dhab Protected Forest (Fig.1.1). The villagers are subjected to isolated life, having
limited resources and access. Their income is also restricted to marginal cultivation,
occasional labour and through dairy/poultry trade. Due to complete absence of
sources of entertainment, people have adopted to drinking habits (local wine drawn
from Mahuwa) which has further detoriated their economic status.

To uplift the life of this village dominated by, backward and schedule cast
community, it is essential to provide electricity so as their living standard can be
raised and they can augment their income through cottage industry etc.

It is difficult to link the village through state/national grid as it will be next to

impossible to draw the HT line through the forest area. Therefore it has become
imperative to provide the power to this remote village through a non conventional
source of energy. Due to availability of biomass in the surroundings of the village, the
electrification through biomass gassifier has been selected for the village.

1.5. GENERAL INFORMATION – VILLAGE GORIYA DIH

1.5.1. Location And Access

Gariya Dih village in the District of Koderma of Jharkhand State is a human
settlement set deep on a plateau within thickly vegetated forest of sal. It is linked with
Koderma district town through Koderma-Giridih highway up to Maheshpur (12 km)
and through Maheshpur – Dabh all weather metalled road (16km) and finally through
a 6 Km stretch of forest road.

The nearest railway station Kodema is situated at about 35 km from the village. From
Maheshpur jeeps can be hired for the village Goriya Dih which is the only source of
communication in the area.

1.5.2. Socio - economic status

Goriya Dih village is dominated by backward and schedule cast community having 61
households with a population of 454. Each family consists of 7 to 8 members.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 2

 Most of the villagers are marginal farmers having limited irrigation facilities. Main
crops of the area are wheat, paddy, jwar, maize, pulses etc. Near the source of water
vegetables are also grown.

Nearly all the inhabitants are engaged in the cultivation and casual labour. Most of the
women are engaged in Dhabra (collection of mica flakes from old mine screes).

Collection of Tendu leaves, Mahuwa flowers and other forest produce on contractual
basis, also contribute to the income of these peoples.

Wood is used for cooking and warming proposes.

Villagers illegally collect wood from forest and sell it in the nearby places.

In general the income of a family varies between Rs.2500.00 to Rs.3000.00 pm.

1.5.3 Additional sources of income

To augment their income most of the families keep domestic animals. Nearly a family
keeps 10 to 20 cows, 4 to 6 buffalos and 6 to 10 goats. Villagers also earn through
illegal collection of forest produce such as Mahuwa Seads, Amlas and other minor
produces.

1.5.4 Education

Goriya Dih village have a primary school only. The nearest intermediate school is
nearly at 25 km away at Doomcha. Overall education level of the village as revealed
by Mukhia is as follows:

12th standard - 2
10th standard - 3
8th standard - 10
5th standard - 180

1.5.5 Health

People are in general having good health. In case of illness people have to travel to
Dhab for preliminary treatment at PHC. For hospital facilities they have to go to
Demochanchar or Koderma. 80% of population suffers from Malaria.

1.5.6 Roads and transport

Village is connected with Dhab Panchayat through 6 km long kutcha road (fig1&3).
Form there it is connected to Koderma town through 28 km metalled road. Goriya Dih
is also connected with Sapali and Dhorakola towns through unmetalled roads. A jeep
ply on the roads once a day to ferry the people. Public transport is not available on
this route.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 3

1.5.7 Electricity availability

Village is located deep in the forest, where transmission lines cannot be drawn
through thick forests. The village is un-electrified and the possibility of getting power
from the grids is also insignificant. Villagers do not have any solar home modules.
Kerosene is being used for illuminating the houses.

1.5.8 Water availability

Drinking and irrigation water is drawn from a number of wells scattered in the village
and agricultural fields. Water is also drawn from check dams (four) and ponds (three).

1.5.9 Communication

The village is totally isolated and is not having any mode of communication with the
rest of world.

1.5.10 Haat/ Market

A weekly bazaar/haat is held at village Dhab and Doomchancha, where people of

Goriya Dih sell their agricultural produces and buy the goods of their daily needs.
Village is having one shop only.

1.5.11 Grazing ground and Fodder

Village is not having any defined grazing grounds whereas forest is serving as grazing
grounds for domestic cattle’s. Fodder in the form of leaves and grass is also collected
from the forest.

A certain nominal amount of fodder is also obtained by the villagers from the
agriculture.

1.6 FOREST AROUND GORIYA DIH

Goriya Dih is located within in the Dhab Protected Forest which is dominantly Sal
forest. The other minor timbers are Mahuwa, Palas, Shemal, Kachnar, Khair, Kauriya
etc. It is enveloped by the Dhab protected forest from all sides.

The undesirable shrubs within the forest are mainly Putush (lantana) and Kanuauda.
Lantana is periodically cut and removed from the forest as it restricts the growth of
new plants.
Villagers are collecting the Tendu leaves and Mahuwa flowers from the forest which
is one of the main sources of income to them. Forest department is encouraging the
villagers to collect the Sal leaves and prepare Pattals. It is expected that with the
availability of power in the village the Pattal cottage industry will come up rapidly
and is likely to change the life style of people. This trade is having immense potential
and can prove to be boon to them.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 4

1.7 WOOD AS FUEL

Villagers are collecting wood from the forest and use it for cooking and warming in
the winters. Wood logs are also collected from the forest for construction and repair
of the houses. Villagers collect the wood in their compounds for monsoon and winter
seasons. Cow dung from domestic cattle’s is used for preparation of organic manure.

1.8 FOREST LAND UNDER VAN SAMITI

Dhab Gram Panchayat Van Samiti is having sufficient land under their management
at three to four locations. The land available along the northern fringe of the village is
found suitable for cultivation of woody plants for biomass gassifier.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 5

 CHAPTER – 2

LOAD ASSESSMENT / ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND INSTALLED

CAPACITY

2.1 GENERAL

2.1.1 Village Layout And Type of Houses

Village Goriya Dih is located on a plain slightly sloping plateau. The villagers are having
their houses concentrated at one place, except few houses which are scattered along the
outer margins. Due to compact layout of houses it is very convenient and economical to
lay the transmission line and electrify the village.

In the entire village only one house is pucca and rests are kutcha houses having tiled
roofs. Nearly twenty five houses are having 6 to 8 rooms and thirty houses have 4 to 5
rooms. The remaining six houses are having 3 rooms only. Gaushala is generally by the
side of these houses. Few families are having separate Gaushalas.

On detailed questioning and assessment it was found that 25 big houses will opt for total
electrification but will use 5 points load only. The two points having 15 W CFLs, will be
used for illumination through out the evening and morning hours. One point will be
dedicated to a fan whereas the other one will be for radio/television etc. These house
owners will go for one more bright light point (60W). The remaining points will be used
off and on, based on the actual requirement. The smaller houses will require only three
point load (15 W CFL, 60 W Blub, 60W Fan/TV). On the whole two illuminating points
will have 100% diversity factor and the remaining points will have 200% diversity factor.

2.1.2 Use of Electricity

The use of electric power is proposed for:
i. Domestic Uses
ii. Public Lighting
iii. Drinking Water Pumping
iv. Multi-purpose Uses
2.1.3 Load Assessment
Electricity will be used in the following manner:

i. Out of 61 houses, 25 households will go for 5 points connections and 36 households

will take 3 points load. On an average, 4 points will be used by each household.

The power for domestic purposes will be used for 6 hrs in a day, 2 hrs in the morning
(0500 to 0700 hrs) and 4 hrs in the evening (1730 to 2130 hrs). In that area sunsets
early and the village life settles around 9 pm, therefore, longer use of power in the
evening is not expected.

It is expected that out of 5 point load people will use 2 points for 15 W, CFLS, 1
point for fan (60W), 1 point for 60 W bulb, and 1 point for radio/TV, etc. having

AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP 6

 100W load. Thus a total of 250W load will be taken by 25 households. The 3 points
load users will use 1 point for 15w CFLs, 1 point 100 W bulb/other use, and 1 point
for 60 W fans. Thus out of 36 households, each will use a load of 175 W. On an
average a household will have a load of 206W.

ii . Public lighting up to 8 points @ 18 watts (CFL) per point for 4 hours in the evening.
iii Drinking water pumping.
v. Multipurpose uses e.g. pumping for irrigation, needs of agro- based cottage
industries, lighting of places of worship, battery charging, needs of shops, clinics etc.
which may come up in due course of time. With the induction of power in the village
Pattal cottage industry will come up, as the forest department will support it. It is
envisaged that the use of power in such activities will be used after the domestic use
hours. Therefore, the requirement of the power for this use is not being accounted for.
Power for such use can be drawn in the day hours by running the power plant.
vi. Future expansion: assumed as 15% in ten years. Due to poor living conditions people
are found migrating to better places in search of jobs. This is the main reason for
negligible growth of the village.

2.2 POWER / ENERGY REQUIREMENT

The requirement has been worked out as per the consideration above and the criteria
discussed below and summarized in Table 2.1. Typical power supply demand and future
programme (Future Vision) are shown in Fig. 2.1.
i. Domestic Uses
-Connected load, as per discussions earlier is 206 W

-Diversity factor
-CFL 100%
-Other load -200%
-Actual load -118 W
-Supply hours -6hrs/day
-Energy consumption per H.H per day
= 118 X 6 = 708watts
Say = 0.70 kWh/day
-Total power requirement for 61 H.H
= 118 X 61 watts = 7.20 kW
- Total energy consumptions per day for 61H.H
= 0.70 X 61 kWh = 42.7 kWh
ii. Public Lighting
It is proposed that public lighting will be used for 4 hours in the evening only.
The final operation and maintenance is conceived to be in the hands of the local
body of the village and accordingly public lighting and other loads will be
managed by them as per their choice, and hence the number of hours of usage will
be finalized.
a. No. of light points – Up to 8.
b. Type of lighting – 18 watts CFL

AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP 7

 c. Lighting hours – 4 hours in the evening.
d. Power required – Up to 18 x 8 = 144 W or 0.144 kW
e. Energy consumption – Up to 0.144 x 4 W hrs or 0.576 kWh
iii. Drinking Water Pumping
a. Water requirement per HH: Up to 180 liters (Assuming 30 liters/ person
and 6 persons/ house hold)
b. Total water pumping required: 180 x 61 = 10980 liters or 10.98 cu m
c. Pumping power needed: Assuming up to height of 50 m:
=9.81 x (10.98/10800) x 50 x 0.60 = 0.294 kW, Say, 0.5 HP or 0.373 kW
d. Pumping hours: Assumed up to 3 hours
e. Energy consumption: up to 3 x 0.373 = 1.119 kWh

iv. Multipurpose Uses

Depending on requirement and willingness of the people, the plant can be
operated for the required number of hours between 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The power
availability for multipurpose use will be limited to about 8 kW only. This
requirement can not be assessed at present.

v. Installation Capacity Of Power Plant

Assuming power house consumption @ 10 %, line losses @ 5 % and the future
growth @ 15 % in next 10 years, the Power Plant installation capacity is worked
out as below:
a. Domestic load = 7.0kW
b. Public Lighting = 0.14 kW
c. Drinking Water Pumping = 0.373 kW
d. Future Growth = 0.15 x 7.0
= 1.05 kW
Sub-Total (a to d) = 8.563 kW
f. P.H. consumption/system losses = 0.15 x (8.563)
= 1.284 kW
Total = 9.847 kW
Say, = 10 kW

Thus the capacity of biomass gassifier based power plant has been taken as
10 kW.

vi. Energy Consumption per Day

a. Domestic load : 7.0 x 6 = 42.70 kWh
b. Public lighting : 0.14 x 4 = 0.56 kWh
c. Water pumping : 0.373 x 3 = 1.119 kWh
d. PH consumption : 1.284 x 6 = 7.70 kWh
Total = 52.079 kWh
Say = 52.0 kWh
The consumption in respect of multipurpose uses has not been considered here as the
same may take some time to come up. However, depending upon the number of hours of
running of this load additional energy consumption will be there.

AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP 8

 The proposed daily use requirement of power and energy consumption is summarized in
Table 2.1 below:
Table : 2.1 – Proposed Daily Use Requirement
Sl. Use Daily Use requirement of
No. Power (kW) Energy (kWh)
1 2 3 4
1. Domestic Use 7.0 42.70
2. Public Lighting 0.14 0.56
3. Drinking Water Pumping 0.373 1.119

Sub Total (Item 1 to 4) 7.513 43.609

5. Future Expansion @15% 1.05 6.30
6. PH Consumption, Losses etc. @ 15% 1.284 7.70
Total 9.686 58.379
Say 10.00 58.00

AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP 9

9(a)
 CHAPTER – 3
RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND MANAGEMENT

3.1 BIOMASS
3.1.1 Availability

The above remote electrification scheme requires a suitable, continuous and reliable
source of Biomass, which should be available within 2 to 3 km from the power house
site.

Goriya Dih village is surrounded by Dhab Protected forest, which is dominated by Sal
trees. The other dominant species ae Mahuwa, Palas, Shemal, Kachnar, Kahir, Amla,
Kauriya etc. The dominant shrubs are Putus and Kaknauda.

Putus and Kaknuda have wild and thick growth, and are undesirable elements in the
development and growth of new plants. These shrubs are available in the area which can
be used in the gassifier unit. It is likely that these shrubs may provide fuel for few years
only and based on the long term strategy, these shrubs or fast growing plants like Subabul
have to be grown on the panchayat or the Van Samiti land.

The location of power house has been tentatively selected along the northern fringe of the
village close to the houses. Near to this site degraded/waste land having growth of wild
shrubs is existing, which can be utilized for development of biomass for regular supply to
the power house.

This regular supply can be assured through plantation of fast growing trees requiring
minimum water. Considering the topography, drainage and nature of soil, the plantation
of Subabul has been found most suitable for the area. Forest Officials were also in
agreement with this. According to them van Samiti can provide land and expertise for the
same.

3.1.2 Future Requirement

The requirement of the biomass can be worked out as given below:

i. Energy consumption per day on 7 hours working basis: 70 kWh.
ii. Biomass consumption / kWh of electricity : 1.5 kg.
iii. Daily requirement of Subabul : 70 x 1.5 = 105 kg.
iv. Size of Subabul log to be used : Girth : 20 cm,
Length : 2.5 m.
v. Approximate weight of 1 log : 10 kg.
vi. Number of logs required per day : 10
vii. Number of trees required per year : 10 x 365 = 3650
viii. Spacing required between the plants : 2 x 2 m.

AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP 10

 ix. Area required for growing 4380 Subabul plants : 14600 sq. m.
for use in one year Say : 1.5 Ha.
x. Land required for the cycle of 5 years : 7.5 Ha

3.1.3 Plantation of Subabul

In general it requires, 4 years period for the Subabul plants to grow to the size needed for
the present use. It is suggested that 5 separate areas of the size 1.5 ha. each should be ear
marked close to the village and power house plant.A small area has to be ear marked for
the nursery also.
For the first two to three years the resources already available in the form of shrubs of
Putus and Kakanauda will be utilized. In the meanwhile the plantation will be done over
the land (7.5Ha) demarcated in the 5 segments of 1.5 Ha each. The nursery will be
maintained for regular plantation and replacement of dead plants. Though the Subabul
plants will take around 4 to 5 year to grow, but the first lot can be drawn from the 4th
years itself.

i. The plantation shall be done by the villagers under the supervision of the Van
Samiti of the village panchayat in a manner that continuous supply of biomass shall
be available for the Gassifier plant, as per the requirement from the 4th year onward.
ii. The households will manage the supply of the biomass to the Gassifier plant by
rotation. The arrangement of the transport will be through carts as the distance will
not be much.
iii. Biomass will be collected, dried in advance and stocked in the sheds meant for it so
as to ensure reliability.
iv. The nursery will also be managed by the people of the village where the seeds will
be sown as per the requirement, plants shall be grown and maintained for about a
year and then transplanted in the earmarked areas.
v. Arrangement of seeds, manure etc will be managed by the Forest Department /
Nodal agency.
vi. A tube-well will be bored in the nursery area for watering the plants.
vii. Subabul plantation will not require regular watering as it is a plant of arid to
semiarid region.
viii. The growth rate of the plant being very good, sufficient amount of biomass shall be
available from the said plantation for continuous, successful and reliable working of
the Gassifier plant.

3.2 BIOMASS MANAGEMENT

The management of the Biomass plantation is proposed to be done by the committee

formed by the villagers and Van Samiti under the supervision of JREDA and Jharkhand
Forest Department.

AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP 11

3.3 RESOURCES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

i. Local person/persons from nearby area having reasonable reading and writing
skills, suitable intellectual capacity and willingness to work as operator/
maintenance staff, is to be i9dentified.
ii. Facility to provide an on situ training to the above persons, is to be provided.
iii. Tools and plants, gadgets, safety equipment, etc. as required for maintaining the
plant and distribution system, are to be provided.
iv. Spare parts for successful operation of the system for 10 years period, are to be
made available.

3.4 MONETARY RESOURCE

The scheme is to be funded:

i. Partially by the MNES,
ii. By initial lump sum contribution by the village people
iii. Balance by the Nodal Agency.

3.5 NODAL AGENCY FOR INSTALLTION OF THE PLANT

JREDA, Ranchi, the Nodal Agency for this project will be responsible for Planning,
Designing, Processing the purchase case, Placement of order, Supervising construction,
Liaison etc.

3.6 O & M ACTIVITIES

The management, operation and maintenance of the plant (including distribution system)
will be carried out by the contractor for initial 5 years period and thereafter by the
committee formed by the Goriya Dih village in association with Van Samiti, JREDA and
Forest Deptt.

AHEC/ Model DPR/Plain 40 (61) HH/BEP 12

 CHAPTER - 4

CIVIL WORKS

4.1 INTRODUCTION
The civil structures for the proposed Biomass based Electric Power Plant (BEP) will
comprise:
i. Biomass Store shed with Open yard for drying,
ii. Gasifier shed,
iii. Cooling Pond,
iv. Power House Building,
v. Control Room,
vi. Water supply System (including room),
vii. Construction of boundary wall, fencing etc.,
viii. Any other facility as may be required,
4.2 CIVIL WORKS
The civil works will consist of the different components as described below. The
dimensions stated in the test are tentative only and can change depending of on the
final selection of equipments.
4.2.1 Biomass Store Shed with Open Yard
A 5.0 m x 3.0 m store shed is required. It is proposed to have CGI sheet wall on
wooden frame & CGI sheet cover on tubular truss. An open yard for drying of
biomass is proposed to be located near the shed. The open yard having barbed fencing
will be 4.0 m x 5.0 m size. (Drg. No. AHEC/C-340-5)
4.2.2 Cooling Pond
A 2.0 m x 1.50 m cooling pond is proposed to be constructed by the side of gassifier
unit within the gassfier shed. (Drg. No. AHEC/C-340-2)
4.2.3 Gasifier Shed
An open gasifier shed of size 3.0 m x 2.50 m having CGI sheet roofing on tubular
truss is proposed to be constructed for housing the biomass gasifier of the plant. (Drg.
No. AHEC/C-340-4)
4.2.4 Power House Building
A power house building of size 3.0 m x 2.0 m is to be constructed to house the gas
engines, the generators and their auxiliaries. This building may be constructed with
250 mm thick stone or brick walls having CGI sheet roofing. (Drg. No. AHEC/C-340-
4)
4.2.5 Control Room
The control room will be of 3.50 m x 3.0 m size, placed by the side of the P.H.
building, It may be constructed with 250 mm thick brick walls and RCC roofing.
(Drg. No. AHEC/C-340-4)
4.2.6 Toilet
1.5 m x 3.0 m size toilet will be provided at the site. (Drg. No. AHEC/C-340-4)
4.2.7 Any Other Building / Structure : As may be required.
4.3 CONSTRUCTION
i. Minimum clear height of the sheds and buildings is to be as given below:
a. Biomass Store : 3.60 m
b. Gasifier shed : 5.00 m
AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 13
 c. P. H. Building : 4.57 m
d. Control Room : 3.60 m
ii. The foundation bed of the generator shall be at least 200mm above the floor
level and have provision for grouting of bolts, studs and anti-vibration
dampers. Arrangement shall be made for water proofing and foam layer to
damp vibrations.
iii. The foundation shall be located at least 300 mm away from the column
footings and plinth beam to avoid transmission of vibrations caused by the
generating sets.
iv. Adequate arrangement for proper ventilation shall be provided. It shall include
exhaust fans and smoke exhaust pipe located in a manner to ensure dissipation
of smoke in direction away from the building.
v. The floor of control room and toilet shall be made of good quality mosaic with
best quality white cement and marble chips.
vi. Inside brick wall shall be plastered and white wash distempered.
vii. Windows/ventilators shall be fixed to ensure natural lighting inside the
buildings.
viii. Proper equipment fitting facility shall be provided.
ix. Proper lighting arrangement shall be made both inside and outside the
buildings / sheds and approach road.
x. The construction is to be done as per the Approved drawings.
xi. The structural design shall be done based on soil test, stability and safety
factors etc.
xii. The construction is to be carried out as per the National Building Code of
India, unless otherwise approved.
xiii. Foundation for holding and grouting the gasifier unit etc. shall be made in
1:2:4 RCC or as Approved.
xiv. Any other arrangement required as per site condition shall be made to ensure
proper functioning of the plant and the system.

4.4 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND ROOM

4.4.1 Setting up of water supply system
i. Water supply system will be placed inside a room of appropriate size.
ii. Installation of a 1 HP submersible type motor-pump unit, the motor being of
Siemens /NGEF / Cromton / Jyoti / Kirloskar make operable on 230 V, 50 Hz,
0.8 PF AC supply.
iii. Boring and installation of tube well.
iv. Water piping system including bends, sockets, valves, clamps, civil works etc,
will be of galvanized components.
4.4.2 Boring etc.
Boring of tube well up to required depth and of required diameter, through all type of
soil strata present. Works will include scaffolding, lowering of pipes, strainers, blind
pipes including bucket washing etc.
4.4.3 Storage Tank
A 3000 litres PVC water storage tank of Sintex /Palton or equivalent will be installed
on a fabricated platform at a height of 6.0 m.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 14

4.5 MISCELLANEOUS
4.5.1 Gate
The main gate is proposed to be 4 m (wide) x 1.80 m (high) comprising 2 panels made
of MS angle frame and rods with guide Track etc. supported on 2 numbers 400 mm x
400 mm RCC pillars on both sides.
4.5.2 Fencing
Pre-cast RCC posts, 2 m high with 0.3 m bend at the top, is to be erected and chain
link fencing (50 mm x 50 mm x 8 SWG size) fixed with the RCC posts by means of
galvanized clips to a grid of horizontal strands of galvanized high tensile spring 12
SWG steel wire.
4.5.3 General Facilities
Drinking water supply system, Toilets etc. are to be provided in the P.H. building.
4.5.4 Approach Road
Suitable approach road shall be provided from the nearest road for the required
services.
4.5.6 Environmental Provisions
Necessary provisions are to be made as per the requirement of environmental rules
and regulations in force.
4.5.7 Safety Provision
All the required provision with regard to fire hazards will be provided.
4.5.8 Fabrication of Structures
The materials to be used and fabrication and construction method, and fixing mild
steel or iron work in small sizes and sections such as holding down bolts, holdfasts,
tie rods, gratings etc. be as per relevant Indian Standards.
4.5.9 Painting
Steel work is to shall be thoroughly cleaned of rust, loose scales, dust etc. as per latest
edition of IS: 1477-part-I and given one coat of red oxide paint conforming to IS:
2074 applied as per IS: 1477-part-II. Over surface inaccessible after placing in
position, two coats of red oxide paint should be applied.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 15

 CHAPTER -5
POWER GENERATION EQUIPMENT

5.1 TYPES OF GASIFIER

5.1.1 The following types of gasifier are available:
i. Down draft or Co-current
ii. Updraft or Counter-Current
iii. Cross Draft
iv. Fluidized Bed System
The used of small down draft gasifier has long history in the world. During the world war-
II, number of cars, buses and boats were operated by down draft gasifier using wood as fuel.
The down draft gasifier have a number of advantages over the others, which make it most
convenient and efficient to use. The main advantage of down draft gasifier is the fact that
the pyrolysis products have to flow co-currently through the hot combustion and
gasification zenes, where most of tars are decomposed and oxidized. Thus the producer gas
from a down draft gasifier, after simple filtration and cooling, can be used in an internal
combustion engine. Hence down draft type gasifier is recommended for power plant.
5.1.2 Capacity of Gasifier
The capacity of the gasifier should be suitable to operate 10 kW (electrical net output) gas
engine genset with likely gross output of 11 kWe.
5.1.3 Material of Construction of Gasifier
Reactor inner shell, combustion cone, scrubber, throat and nozels to be of stainless steel.
The other non MOC part should be of standard carbon steel.
5.1.4 Specifications of Gasifier

Average Calorific Value - Not less than 1000 k cal/nm3

Turn Down Ratio - 1:0.3 (Minimum)
Biomass Consumption - 1.5 + 0.1 kg/kWh
Hopper holding capacity - Equivalent to biomass supply for 4
hours continuous running
Period of continuous running - 18 hours
Starting time - Within 15 minutes
Starting method - Self start of gasifier without manual
blower operation
- Auto start through battery by starting
scrubber pump/engine suction
Reduction Bed Control - Through an automated control system
to result in reasonably constant gas
flow rate and gasifier pressure drop
without any manual intervention for
reasonable period.
Biomass Feeding System - Manual through small ladder. Biomass
feeding should be online without
stoppage of system.
Ash Char Removal - Manual through double valve assembly
for ‘online’ ash charcoal removal
Filtering Arrangement - Minimum One no. Check (fabric) filter
and one no fine filter along with wet
scrubber to be provided. Biological
filter media shall be used in fine filter.
AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 16
 Biomass Sizing Equipment - Through suitable motor operated cutter.
.
Biomass (wood) drying Device - Through Engine Exhaust Based Dryer
Painting of all gasifier system - All exposed steel/iron parts (major /
minor) if any of all gasifier systems
must be suitably painted and protected
against corrosion due to high humid
saline atmosphere during the guarantee
period.
5.1.5 Specification of Gas Cooling & Cleaning System
Gas Quality - For gas engine operation, an extremely
clean & cooled gas is essential. Tar &
Particulate matter should be less than
25 mg/cu.m.
Type of Filter Material - Biological or fine filter cloths shall be
used.
Material Life of Checking filter cloth - Minimum 1000 hours
Interval of cleaning - Minimum 50 hours
Cooling System - The gas temperature at engine inlet
should not exceed + 50C of ambient or
400C, which ever is less.
5.1.6 Woody Biomass Fuel Size
The following size of the biomass fuel is to be used:
i. Maximum diameter and length: 75 mm and 100 mm respectively
ii. Minimum diameter and length : 10 mm and 10 mm respectively

5.1.7 Blower
i. The blower should be of suitable rating and capacity as per the Standard
Specifications followed.
ii. The body and the impeller shall be made of SS-316 having thickness not less
than 2.5 mm and 2 mm respectively and suitable for the required flow rate and
pressure.
iii. The blower is required to be suitable for regulating the gas flow and its flaring as
and when necessary.
5.1.8 Pumps
Pumps of suitable rating and quality as per the Standard Specifications to be followed and
having preferably rotational speed of 1500 rpm should be provided for:
i. Cleaning and cooling of the producer gas.
ii. Cleaning of ash pond(s).
5.1.9 Gasifier Control Panels
Control panels of suitable dimensions, quality material and thickness mounted with
protection equipment for required degree of protection and necessary indicators related to
the operation of vibrators, motors, blowers, pumps etc and sensing devices e.g. temperature
etc. as per relevant Standards are to be provided at appropriate locations as per Approved
drawings.
5.1.10 Specifications of Gas Engine
Gas Engine Make - Any indigenous reputed make suitable
to run on producer gas alone with rated
speed not above 1500 rpm.
Specific fuel consumption under producer - 1.5 kg of woody biomass/kW-hr
gas operation
Power Rating of engine - 11 kWe
AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 17
 Type of governing - Mechanical
Engine Starting System - Through battery. Battery can be
charged through battery charger from
engine output or any external source.
Battery Life - Minimum one year guarantee
Engine lgnition System - Through pointless Distributor based
ignition system
5.1.11 Bearings
i. Position
The Gas Engine is proposed to be centrally mounted, having properly aligned
bearings. All the bearings should be guaranteed for 5 years.
5.1.12 Pressure Gauges / Other Instruments
i. Pressure Gauges
A pressure gauge is recommended to be provided in the P.H. to read the pressure of
Gas just before it enters the Gas Engine. It should have scale to read approximately
half- scale at gross head.
ii. Other Instruments
Other instruments of Standard make and quality should to be provided as per
requirement at appropriate locations.
5.1.13 Safety Guards
All moving parts should be shielded by a strong and durable wire mesh. The size of
the wire mesh should be small enough to prevent the entry of hands and arms of the
children. The guards should be electrically earthed and kept permanently secured by
locks.
5.1.14 Spare Parts
A set of recommended spare parts in respect of gasifier and gas engine for five
years’ successful operation should be provided.

5.1.15 Tools
i. Set of Tools
A set of tools is recommended to be provided. The set should include tools to test
alignment and case tolerances e.g. string, steel rule, measuring tape, square, feeler
gauge, dial gauge, sprit level etc.
ii. Tool Display Board
Tool locations should be silhouetted on a tool display board so as to immediately
make it apparent if a tool is in use or missing.
iii. Lifting hoists
Suitable lifting hoists be provided in the power house.
iv. Re-chargeable Lantern
A re-chargeable battery-powered lantern is proposed to be provided in the power
house.
5.1.16 Type Tests
The type tests should be performed as per the relevant Standards followed. The equipment
offered should with stand these tests successfully or as per the recommendations /
methodology of Gasifier Action Research Projects (GARP) carried out under the Ministry
of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Govt. of India.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 18

5.2 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

5.2.1 Type of Alternator

Single phase, A.C. Synchronous Alternator are recommended to be provided.
5.2.2 Specifications of Alternator
Make - Any reputed make
kVA rating - > 12.5 kVA
Voltage - 400 – 430 Volts
Phase - 3φ
Power Factor - 0.8
Frequency - 50 Hzs

5.2.2.1 Specifications of Control Panel

System - Should have all necessary switches,
timers, protection etc. as per IE
standard
Meters - Voltmeter, Ammeter, Frequency meter,
Energy meter of reputed make
5.2.2.2 Protection System
i. Over Current and Earth Fault Protection
a. Over Current Protection
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) or Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)
of suitable rating should be used for the purpose. These should be placed as
close to the generator terminals as possible.
b. Earth Fault Protection
An earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB), also known as Residual current
device (RCD), of suitable rating is recommended to be provided as close to
the generator terminals as possible.
c. Ratings of above Protection
The maximum rating of the above protections should not be more than 10 %
of the current rating of the generator.
d. Location
The over current and the earth fault protection may be placed in the same
box with each one clearly labeled but the mounting should not be on the
generator body (so as to avoid vibration damage). These should be placed at
least 1m above the floor level and as close to the generator as possible with
properly fixed and sealed conduit protecting the cable to the generator.
The ELCB should be connected to the generator and then the over current
trip should be connected to the ELCB.
ii. Voltage and Frequency Trips
These are proposed to be provided to protect consumer loads from un-acceptable
voltages and frequency conditions. Over Voltage, Under Voltage, Over Frequency
and Under Frequency Trips are recommended to be provided:
5.2.2.3 Lightning Protection
To protect the power house and the consumers, lightning arrestors are proposed to be
provided on each phase as below:
i. 1 arrestor on the first pole out side the P.H. and 1 arrestor per km of distribution line,
ii. An additional arrestor, if a consumer is more than 500 m away from the arrestor.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 19

5.2.2.4 Instrumentation
i. Placement
These, except the kWh meter, may be included on the controller box. The height
should be at the eye level or 1.5 m above the floor level.
ii. Meters
Voltmeter, Ammeter, Frequency meter, Wattmeter, Ballast meter (in ELC system, 3
ballast meters- 1 per phase) shall be provided.
5.2.2.5 Controllers, Governors and Flow Regulators
An Electronic Load Controller (ELC) or a combined electronic and flow governor
should be provided. The controller must be located in the P.H. together with the ballast
to ensure that the ballast is never disconnected.
5.2.2.6 Consumer Isolation Switch
A switch, rated at current equal to or higher than that of O/C trip, should be provided in the
P.H. to isolate the distribution system from the generator.
5.2.2.7 Earthing
i. The following should be effectively earthed:
a. The neutral of the generator.
b. All the metal casings of the electrical equipment etc.
c. Earthing in the powerhouse should be as per the specifications of the
Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB).
ii. Precaution should be taken to prevent corrosion due to electrochemical effects,
which can be done by using copper conductor/ electrode for earthing, avoiding bi-
metal joints, or by maintaining air and water exclusion from bi-metal joints.
iii. ELCB (RCD) should be used for electrical safety.
iv. The earth conductor (connection from the earth terminal to the earth electrode)
should have a minimum cross-sectional area of not less than 25 sq. mm. A
permanent level “Safety Electrical Connection – DO NOT REMOVE” should be
provided.
V. Earthing is proposed to be done as per the REC (Rural Electrification Corporation)
standard and in line with Indian Electricity Rules.
5.2.2.8 Lighting
i. The P.H. is proposed be provided with adequate safe illumination: minimum 10
watts / sq. m. of floor area, if incandescent, or 3 watts / sq. m., if fluorescent.
ii. A battery-charged type lantern (emergency light) should be provided on display
board.
iii. A weather proof HPSV flood light should be provided out side, above the door, on
suitable fixtures providing 20 Lux illumination.
iv. Street lighting/Road should be provided with 20 Lux illumination using Approved
type lighting equipment & fixure (s).
5.2.2.9 Conduits and Cables
i. Strong conduits, physically secured to all enclosures by means of threaded
connectors, should be used to protect all cables.
ii. The conduits should be sealed to the enclosure entrances.
iii. Since the cable inside the conduit from generator to over current- trip / ELCB box is
not protected from over currents and earth faults, adequate physical strength of
conduit should be ensured,
iv. The current carrying capacities of the cables, after taking in to account the de-rating
required for use of conduit and multiple cables, should not be less than 140% of the
rating of the over current protection device(s),
v. If the cables are felt over- warm on touching, it is an indication of these being under-
sized. The cables should be doubled or replaced in such cases.
AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 20
5.2.2.10 Sockets
Two or more sockets (outlets) should be provided for use of electrical appliances. The
sockets should be placed at least 1 m above the floor.
5.2.2.11 Shielding
i. Cables and their connections to Units is proposed to be shielded both by conduit and
by their insulation. The connections should be with in the closed casings.
ii. All live surfaces and points should be fully and reliably shielded from human
contact.
iii. Door interlock isolators should hall be provided on control gear with voltages above
50 V so as to ensure safe working.
5.2.2.12 Hazards and Safety Provisions
The producer gas being a mixture of Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen, Methane etc., toxic,
explosion and fire hazards are associated with it. Proper design, construction, operational
methodology etc. should be used to safe guard against the hazards e.g. :
i. To avoid gas leakage during start and closing operation.
ii. To avoid air leakage into cooled gasifier still containing gas.
iii. To avoid penetration during refueling.
iv. To avoid air leakage into the gas system.
v. Taking up precautions against:
a. Flames through gasifier.
b. High surface temperature.
c. Spark during refueling.
d. Providing suitable, adequate and approved fire protection equipment/system
for indoor and outdoor installations comprising;
* Foam Type Fire Extinguishers
* Carbon-Di-Oxide Type Fire Extinguishers
* Sand and water bucket Type Fire Extinguishers (including
a pit of adequate size located centrally and filled with dry sand).
5.2.2.13 Safety Guards
Appropriate and approved safety guards are recommended to be provided.
5.2.2.14 Tools
i. Required number and type of tools should be provided as per Operator’s Manual.
ii. The tools should be suitably located on tool display board.

5.3 PROCESS OF GASIFIER

i. The biomass is fed through the feed door and stored in the hopper. Limited and
controlled amount of air for partial combustion enters through air nozzles. The throat
(or hearth) ensures relatively clean and good quality gas production. The reactor
holds charcoal for reduction of partial combustion products while allowing the ash
the escape through perforated sheet provided in reactor. It is then turn taken out
through manual ash collection cone after one shift of 8 hours of operation.
ii. The gas passes through the annulus area of reactor from upper portion of the
perforated sheet. The gas outlet is connected with the various downstream system
viz venture scrubber, water junction box, fine filter, safety filter, flare with valve and
gas control valve. Gas produced in gasifier is scrubbed and cooled in scrubber with
re-circulating cooling water in cooling pond with the help of DC scrubber pump.
iii. Gas is separated from water in water junction box and introduced in fine filter and a
safety fabric filter.
iv. Cool and clean gas and air is then sucked into the engine through a gas train
consisting of piping and valves arrangement.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 21

 v. The gasifier is started with a battery or auxiliary genset, which initially provide
auxiliaries power to DC scrubber pump, to start the gasifier system
vi. The producer gas then starts engine on gas mode.
vii. Governor linked control butterfly is provided to vary the gas quantity as per
electrical load on the generator, keeping frequency within limits.
viii. Engine gasifier control panel provides for all switching, indications and safety of
operation.
ix. An electric driven biomass cutter and engine hot exhaust based wood pieces drying
arrangement is also provided to make the system self-sufficient.

The Flow Diagram of the process is given in the Fig. 5.1.

5.4 MAINTENANCE MANUAL AND LOG BOOK

Three (3) copies of maintenance manual should be provided. A logbook, in the format as
per the Maintenance-Training Manual, should be provided.

5.5 PROPOSED SPARES

Following spares are recommended to be provided in the power house:

i. Instruments (Voltmeter, Ammeter, Pressure gauge, etc.), AVR, Digital Multi-meter,
Emergency rechargeable lights. etc.
ii. Lubricants like multipurpose grease and oils in dust free containers.
iii. Bearings, Bolts and nuts.
iv. Fuses, MCBs and ELCBs.
v. Cable connectors.
vi. Lightning arrestors.
vii. Ballast heaters.
viii. Rubber washers for the flange joints.
ix. Two lengths of penstock.
x. V-belts and couplings.
xi. A set of open-ended spanners, Flat and cross-head screwdrivers, Grease gun,
Bearing puller.
xii. Tool rack to neatly place the tools
xiii. Special tools like chain-pulleys, etc.
xiv. Spares required for the gasifier system.
xv. Spares required for the gas engine.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 22

 CHAPTER - 6
POWER EVACUATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
6.1 CONSUMER VOLTAGE VARIATION AND POWER FACTOR

The consumer voltage shall be within ± 10% of 230 V and the P.F. shall not be below
0.8.

6.2 PROVISION OF ELCBs AND LOAD LIMITORS

ELCBs (also known as RCDs) are to be provided as required. MCBs of proper size (0.5A
for 100 W and 1.0 A for 200 W) are recommended to be installed at the load points.
6.3 LIGHTNING PROTECTION
Suitable LAs are to be provided. The earth electrode resistance is recommended to be less
than 1Ω.
6.4 DISTRIBUTION PLAN
i. LT distribution lines are to be drawn as per the requirement keeping in mind the
location of house holds, their density, requirement of public (street) lighting, cost
of line, O & M requirement etc.
ii. A distribution diagram should be provided showing key line distribution
information:
a. Position of lightning arresters.
b. Voltage at powerhouse.
c. Positions of isolation switches and ELCBs.
d. Cross-sectional areas and the materials of the conductors.
e. Number of phases for each section.
f. Cable lengths.
g. Maximum load demands at the load centers (in Amp.).
h. Minimum expected voltages at all nodes and load centers.
iii. Load distribution design so as to enable proper balancing of load on all the links.

6.5 ISOLATORS / FUSES / ELCBs

i. All the consumer circuits should be provided with isolation switches and fuses or
MCBs and labeled in local language. A well-illustrated electrical booklet is to be
provided for each house hold.
ii. If the number of consumers is large, isolation switches shall be provided to cluster
of consumers.
iii. Where the number of consumers is large and spurious triggering of a single ELCB
in the power house poses a problem, it is recommended that clusters are protected
by ELCBs. These can be located in side the power house or out side in water
proof housing. In the later case, it is recommended that the power house is also
fitted with an ELCB having reduced sensitivity and response time.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 23

 iv. The earth faults are required to be located with out undue delay. This can be
provided by an ELCB. If the P.H. ELCB trips, the first step is to isolate the P.H.
and then restart the generator. If the P.H. ELCB stays un-tripped, the fault is in
the distribution system. Then isolate clusters of consumers or all individual
consumers. Progressive switching in of consumers will reveal the location of
fault.
v. It is recommended to install a single ELCB of 150 m A rating or less at the P.H.
to protect each circuit. A single 30 m A ELCB is recommended for the load points
using loads more than 1 kW.

6.6 LOAD LIMITERS

MCBs of appropriate size (0.5 A for 100W and 1 A for 200 W) are recommended to be at
load points and PVC insulated cables of 1mm sq. for house wiring for maximum load of
less than 200 W.

6.7 CABLES

i. Aluminium, copper, ACSR and high strength aluminium alloy overhead cables
are recommended for use (under ground cables, being costly, may not be used).
ii. Minimum ground clearances for overhead lines are 5.8m across motorable roads,
5.5m by the side of motorable roads and 3 m over open ground. The minimum
horizontal top clearance is 1.5 m.
iv. In heavily vegetated areas, insulated cables are recommended for use.
v. Sags and tensions of cables, size of poles, types of insulators etc. are to be used as
per the REC construction Standards.
vi. Selection of conductors shall be as per the REC construction standards.
vii. The spacing shall be 300mm between conductors for a vertical arrangement of
overhead lines and the neutral conductor shall be at the lowest.
viii. The joints must be durable, strong, adequate for their purpose and visible. Bi-
metallic clamps should be used for joints, which connect dissimilar metals.

6.8 TYPE OF POLES

6.8.1 Materials
This could be hard wood, reinforced or pre-stressed concrete or galvanized pipe. The
wooden poles should be treated / painted and the steel poles painted for longer life. If
care for safety can be ensured, the trees may be used for laying the cables.

6.8.2 Height of Poles

i. 7m high poles for insulated cable network, up to 10 sq. mm cable size.
ii. For cable size of 10 sq. mm and up to 35 sq. mm, 9 poles are to be used.
iii. For un-insulated cables and bundled cables, the height of poles should be 9 m and
13 m respectively.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 24

6.8.3 Span of Poles
i. For single phase system:
a. Up to 16 sq. mm insulated wire : 2 core, maximum span should be of 30 m.
b. Above 16 sq. mm and up to 35 sq. mm: maximum span should be 25 m.
ii. For three phase system:
REC national Standards shall be followed for span and length for AAC or ACSR
bare conductors.

6.8.4 Insulators
i. For bare cables, LT insulators are recommended for use.
ii. For insulated cables, nylon bobbins or telecom insulators may be used as partial
insulators.
iii. The connections are to be carried out as per REC Standards.

6.8.5 Stays
Stays must be used at the first and the last poles of the straight lines and also at any turns.

6.8.6 Span and Sag

Span and sag shall be provided as the REC Standards.

6.9 HOUSE WIRING

i. MCBs shall be used as load limiters as incoming protection device (0.5A for 100
W and 1 A for 200 W). Appropriate MCBs are to be installed as the main
incomers for other loads.
ii. One circuit with 1 sq. mm cable can be used for installations up to 1kW. The wire
shall be of 600 V grade insulation.
iii. Standard switches designed for 230 V AC shall be used.
iii. Conduits shall be used wherever mechanical protection is needed and the wires
can be clipped onto the wooden parts for running on the roof section.

6.10 TEMPER PROOFING

Individual units, e.g. controller box, shall be provided with temper proofing or be sealed
to ensure assess by the specialist service technicians only.

6.11 MAINTENANCE MANUAL

Maintenance manual should be provided and kept in place for use during O & M of PH.

6.12 LABELS AND NOTICES

i. Al electrical components; particularly switches, protection trips, circuit breakers,

fuses etc.; shall carry labels describing their functions.
ii. H.V. winding labels shall be placed on all cabinet doors, terminal covers etc.
iii. A circuit diagram shall be provided in each individual unit such as the controller.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 25

 iv. A block diagram showing overall electrical lay out shall be provided in the P.H.
and it shall be durable and accessible.
v. An illustrated notice, in local language, shall be provided to warn the people of
the danger of electrocution. It shall be durable, within easy view and contain
practical information on preventing and coping with electrocution and electric
shock.

6.13 LINE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

i. Generator neutral earthing and all the exposed metal bodies of the installation
shall be earthed at the installation.
ii. Use of ELCBs: residual current devices (RCD) shall be provided.
iii. Size and class of wire: the wire shall be 600 V grade. Appropriate size of the
cable shall be provided taking into consideration voltage drop requirement and
length of the circuit – 1 sq. mm cable can be used for circuit length of 30 m (with
voltage drop provision of 4 % from the origin of the installation)

6.14 SELECTION OF CABLE

Selection of cables should be made keeping in view the basic requirements, cost
effectiveness and the environmental etc.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 26

 CHAPTER – 7

TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

7.1 TESTING

Testing of equipment and works are recommended to be carried out as per the
relevant I.S./ I.E.C. / any other equivalent Standards/recommendations of the Gasifier
Action Research Projects (GARP) under MNES, Govt. of India.

7.2 COMMISSIONING

After the erection and testing of the equipment/works as per above, commissioning of
the plant and works, should be carried out to ensure activities of functional working of
the complete system after erection and testing, including tuning or adjustment of the
equipment for optimum performance and demonstrating to the Purchaser that the
equipment performance meets the requirements of the specifications.

7.3 ACCEPTANCE TESTS AT SITE

It is proposed to carry out tests to obtain the guaranteed out put and efficiency at the
site as per the recommendations of the standards.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 27

 CHAPTER – 8
PROJECT IMPLIMENTATION STRATAGY
8.1 GENERAL
The project is located in a remote area, where coordination with various organization
is essential and hence.
A three-tier arrangement is proposed for project implementation.

8.2 ARRANGEMENT
8.2.1 Nodal Agency
JREDA, Ranchi will be the Nodal Agency, which will have the following functions:
i. Obtaining project approval form MNES, Government of India.
ii. Receiving funds from MNES and disbursement thereof as required.
iii. Coordination with the Jharkhand Forest Department at various levels.
iv. Arrangement of land for installation of the Power Plant and for the plantation
of Subabool, over a 7.5 Ha land.
v. Preparation of Bid document as per the model specifications to be issued by
the MNES, floating tender & processing it, placing order and overall
supervision of the project implementation.
vi. Overall coordination for project implementation and its Operation and
Maintenance.
8.2.2 Jharkhand Forest Department
Following cooperation and coordination will be sought from Jharkhand Forest
Department:
i. Creating awareness and interest amongst the villagers.
ii. Motivation and formation of Village Energy Committee (VEC) or motivating
the existing Van Samiti to serve as or make VEC.
iii. Granting permission to Van Samiti to use Van Samiti land for plantation of
Subabul and/or placement of power plant.
iv. Monitoring and coordination as required for project success.
v. Motivating the people to adopt Pattal cottage industry for social up liftment of
villagers.
8.2.3 Village Energy Committee
The VEC is proposed to carry out the following functions:
i. Motivation and creating interest amongst the villagers for success of the
project.
ii. Collection of initial contribution from the villagers towards installation of the
Plant and the System.
iii. Collection of monthly payment from the users 2 Rs. 150.00/pm from 5 point
load connections and Rs. 100.00 from 3 point load connections or as may be
settled by.
iv. Arrangement for plantation for continuous availability of Biomass (in
cooperation and coordination with the Jharkhand Forest Department, VEC and
accepted by JREDA):
a. COLLECTION OF WOOD (Shrubs) from the surroundings for bio-
gassifers, for the first three years.
b. Preparation of ground, sowing the seeds, watering, fertilizer input, use of
pesticide if required etc.
c. Transplantation in the plots,

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 28

 d. Watering, routine after-care.
e. Watch and ward.
f. Annual cleaning of the area.
g. Harvesting by rotation.
h. Supplying of the plants logs to the Biomass store shed.
v. Arrangement and supervision of the record.
vi. Arrangement / appointment of manager, operators etc. for running of the plant
and system as required.
vii. Operation of Bank Account.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 29

 CHAPTER – 9
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

9.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Pre-construction activities, viz: preparation of bid-document, purchase of bid-

document by prospective bidders, study and submission of bid will take some time. It
will be followed by opening of bid, its finalization, and placement of order and
signing of contract. A period of 3 months is considered sufficient for these activities.

9.2 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES/PERIOD

Construction activities have been shown in the Bar Chart (Fig. 9.1). The period for
various construction activities have been taken as below:
Days
i. Contractors mobilization 15
ii. Survey & Investigation 15
iii. Preparation of Drawings & Documents & Submission 30
iv. Checking of Drawings, Documents & Approval 30
v. Construction of Civil Works 60
vi. Manufacture & Supply of Equipment, Material F.O.R. Site 75
vii. Installation of Gasifier System 30
viii. Installation of Generator & Auxiliaries 15
ix. Installation of Control, Protection & Metering System 15
x. Installation of Distribution System 30
xi. Installation of House Wiring & Meters (Where necessary) 30
xii. Testing & Commissioning 30
xiii. Others Works 15
xiv. Trial Run 30

Trial run period of 15 days has been considered to ensure safe and reliable operation
of the plant as it has been noticed that at times the plant is erected & commissioned
but then it goes out of operation for some reason or the other and then, the plant
remains idle for a considerable period before being put back on operation.

The place being remote, located deep in the forest and connected through kachcha
forest road which becomes problematic during monsoons and rainy days, some period
is likely to be lost causing delays. Some time margin has been considered for the
same. However, the contractor may finish the whole work in lesser period if possible.
The O & M will start after successful commissioning and operational trial of the plant
and the system.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 30

9.3 BIOMASS SUPPLY FOR THE PLANT

The Subabool plantation is going to take some time and additional period is required
for the growth to the size enough for use. It is proposed that plantation be made
immediately after the survey and investigation work is over. During the period of
initial run of the plant, and the initial three years period, the supply may be taken from
the surroundings and the forest. After three years period the Subabool plots will have
sufficient quantity of Biomass and it will not be required to be taken from the forest.

9.4 CONTRACTUAL PERIOD OF O & M

The O & M is proposed to be carried out by the contractor for initial 5 years and
thereafter the plant will be run by the villagers.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 31

 CHAPTER -10
ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

10.1 COST OF THE PLANT AND SYSTEM

The cost of the civil works, plant and the system, is shown in Tables – 10.2, 10.3,
10.4, 10.5 & 10.6 the over all cost estimate in Table – 10.1.

TABLE 10.1 : COST ESTIMATE

Sl. Items Cost

No. (Rs. in Lacs)

1 2 3
I Works
A Preliminary
0.250
B Land (as per Table 10.2) 0.00
C Civil Works (as per Table 10.3) 3.643
J Power Plant System (as per Table 10.4) 8.000
H Distribution System (as per Table 10.5) 4.000
K Buildings 0.000
M Plantation (Subabul Plantation for Biomass) 1.150
O Miscellaneous 0.000
Total I – Woks 17.043
I Establishment (2% of I works excluding Buildings) 0.341
II Suspense (-) Nil
III Receipts and recoveries (-) Nil
IV Indirect Charges (1% of I – works for Audits Accounts) 0.170

Total Project Cost 17.554

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 32

 TABLE – 10.2: COST OF LAND
Sl. Item Unit Qty. Rate Amount
No. (Rs. (Rs. Lacs)
Lacs)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Land for Biomass Sq. m 300 0.001 0.00
Power Plant To be provide by villagers
2. Land for Subabul Ha 7.5 0.200 0.00
Plantation To be provide by van samiti
and forest department

Total 0.00

TABLE – 10.3: COST OF CIVIL WORKS

Sl. Item Unit Qty. Rate Amount

No. (Rs. Lacs) (Rs. Lacs)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. 5.0 m x 3.0 m Biomass store shed with open Sq. m 15 0.05 0.750
yard (5.0 m x 4.0 m)
2. Gasifier Shed with foundation of gassifier unit Sq. m 7.5 0.015 0.113
3.0 m x 2.5 m gasifier shed (as per drg.)
3. 3.0 m x 2.0 m power house building (As per Sq. m 6 0.08 0.480
drg.)
4. 3.50 m x 3.0 m control room (as per drg.) Sq. m 10.5 0.08 0.840
5. Toilet (1.5m X 3.0m) Sq. m 4.5 0.10 0.360
6. Water Supply System LS - - 0.500
7. Over head water storage (3000 l, PVC Tank) at LS - - 0.200
a height of 6 m on fabricated platform
8. Approach Road LS - - 0.200
9. Cooling Pong 2.0 m x 1.50 m x 1.50 m LS - - 0.100
9. Miscellaneous works LS - - 0.100
Total 3.643

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 33

 TABLE – 10.4: COST OF THE PLANT
Sl. Item Unit Qty. Rate Amount
No. (Rs. Lacs) (Rs. Lacs)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Woody biomass gassifier along with 100% Set 1 6.20 6.200
producer gas based engine with alternator to
give net output of 10 kW along with basic
Gassifier accessories & auxiliaries with a
double valve assembly for online ash
charcoal removal system, Gassifier &
engine control panel along with Ampere,
volt, frequency and kWh meter as well as
load panel for load distribution, and
complete gas piping along with valves from
gassifier to gas engine.
2. Wood drying arrangement (Based on Set 1 0.105 0.105
Engine Exhaust)
3. Cooling System Complete pump, piping etc. LS - - 0.250
4. Biomass Cutter No. 1 0.17 0.170
5. Moisture Meter No. 1 0.05 0.050
6. Earthing Kit Set 1 0.115 0.115
7. Chain Pulley Block Set 1 0.115 0.115
8. Miscellaneous LS - - 0.500
9. Installation, Commissioning Training of LS - - 0.500
staff including Service Tax
Total 8.000

TABLE – 10.5: COST OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Sl. Item Unit Qty. Rate Amount

No. (Rs. Lacs) (Rs. Lacs)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. L T Distribution Line, km 2.5 1.32 3.30
2. Service Connections Nos. 62 0.01 0.62
3. Street Lights Nos. 8 0.01 0.08
Total 4.00
Say Rs. 4.00

* Due to close position of poles in the distribution line, the cost has been taken slightly higher
as Rs. 1.32 lacs/km.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 34

 TABLE – 10.6 : COST OF THE BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Sl. Item Unit Qty. Rate Amount

No. (Rs. Lacs) (Rs. Lacs)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Plantation of saplings No. 7.5 Ha 0.10 0.750
2. Training Etc. LS - - 0.200
3. Miscellaneous including Subabul Nursery LS - - 0.200
etc.
Total 1.150

10.2 FUNDING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PLANT Rs. Lacs

i. By Grant From MNES : 4.765

ii. Contribution by Villagers @ Rs. 500/per HH : 0.305
iii. Contribution by Nodal Agency : 12.484

Total 17.554
10.3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

The financial analysis has been carried out as per Tables –10.7, 10.8, 10.9 & 10.10.
The cost of generation and the results are given below:
10.3.1 Cost Of Generation
i. Without Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 16.328
b. At 60% LF : 21.771
ii. With Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 13.438
b. At 60% LF : 17.918

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 35

TABLE 10.7 : COST OF GENERATION WITHOUT SUBSIDY
Sl. No. Items Rs. In Lacs

1 2 3
1 Project Cost 17.554
2 Annual Interest during Construction 0.579
3 Total Project Cost 18.133
4 Annual working expenses (as per table 10.9) 1.161
5 Interest @ 12 % on total project cost 2.176
6 Total annual expenses 3.337
7 Annual generation at power house (Million Units)
i. At 80% Load Factor 0.0204
ii. At 60% Load Factor 0.0153
8 Cost of generation per kWh (in Rs)
i. At 80 % Load Factor 16.328
ii. At 60% Load Factor 21.771

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 36

TABLE 10.8 : COST OF GENERATION WITH SUBSIDY
Sl. No. Items Rs. in Lacs
1 2 3
1 Project Cost 17.554
2 Capital Subsidy As per MNES 4.765
3 Balance Project Cost 12.789
4 Annual Interest during Construction 0.422
5 Total Project Cost 13.211
6 Interest @ 12 % on total project cost 1.585
7 Annual working expenses ( as per table 10.9) 1.161
8 Total annual expenses 2.747
9 Annual generation at power house (Million Units)
i. At 80% Load Factor 0.0204
ii. At 60% Load Factor 0.0153
10 Cost of generation per kWh (in Rs)
i. At 80 % Load Factor 13.438
ii. At 60% Load Factor 17.918

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 37

TABLE 10.9 : STATEMENT OF YEARLY WORKING EXPENSES

Sl. Items Cost

No. (Rs. In Lacs)
1 2 3
1 Operation cost @ 1% of works cost 0.176

2 Maintenance cost of C-works @ 1% 0.036

3 Maintenance of E&M works @ 2% 0.240
4 Annual depreciation charges (as per Table – 10.10) 0.709

Total 1.161

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 38

TABLE 10.10: ANNUAL DEPRECIATION OF ASSETS

Sl. Items Life in Cost (Rs. Lacs) Rate of Depreciation

No. years Depreciation in % Rs. Lacs
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Land Infinity 0.00 NIL NIL
2 Civil Works 35 3.64 3.40 0.124
3 Plant & System 35 8.00 3.40 0.272
4 LT Distribution 25 4.00 7.84 0.314
System
Total 0.709

TABLE 10.11 CALCULATION OF SUBSIDY FROM MNES

Sl. Items Cost in lacs

No.
1. For Biomass Gasifier System 2.700
2. For internal wiring house hold @Rs1500/HH for 61HH 0.915
3. For regular supply of Biomass 1.150
TOTAL 4.765

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 39

 CHAPTER -11
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PLANT & SYSTEM

11.1 GENERAL
After the plant and system is tested commissioned and the trial period is over, the
operation and maintenance for 5 years period will be the responsibility of the contractor
who has supplied, erected tested and commissioned the plant and the system. The
contractor may net use100% of his own staff and may require certain number of
additional persons for managing O&M under the guidance of his limited staff. The
Village Energy Committee (VEC) may arrange for the same from amongst the people of
the village, depending on the age, physical so mental health, willingness and the
educational qualifications.
11.2 FORMATION OF COMMITTEE FOR SUPERVISION OF O & M
i. Executive Committee
The VEC will make an Executive Committee of 5 persons which will supervise and
monitor:
a. Day to day functioning of the plant & system
b. Monitor day to collection of revenue & Expenditure
ii. Staff
Following Staff is proposed to be appointed by VEC from amongst the villagers:
a. Manager : 1 No.
b. Operational Staff : 6 Nos.
iii. Record Keeping
Following record is suggested to be kept and maintained by the VEC.
a. Daily wood stock receipt indicating: Sl. No., Date Name of Villager and Quantity
(kg)/Rate/Value
b. Stock Register recording : Sl. No., Date, Quantity Received
c. Issue Register: Recording Sl. No., Date, Quantity issued and signatures of the
receiver
d. Ledger showing daily receipt and issue of wood
e. Cash receipt register
f. Cash book
g. Ledger
h. Bank Pass Book & Cheque Book
i. General Stock & Issue Register
j. Register for Consumables
iv. Supervision & Maintenance of Record
a. The manager will keep maintain the record, write cash book & maintain the
account
b. VEC executive will check the accounts monthly
c. General Meeting of VEC will be held every quarter in which manager will place
before it the records, accounts and status of the plant.
d. An annual audit of accounts assets and liabilities will be got carried out by a
competent chartered Account appointed for the purpose by the Nodal Agency
Appropriate action will be taken by the Nodal Agency after careful examination.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 40

 CHAPTER – 12
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND BENEFITS

12.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The non-polluting effluents are discharged from the gassifier, which after settling are
reused.
i. Water is re-circulated in closed loop from cooling pond to gassifier scrubber. One has to
replenish water pond to compensate evaporation losses and that depends upon the
duration of operation in a day, usually, ½ liter of water per unit of electricity generated is
to be added as make up water.
ii. Sediment free water can be used for gassifier/cooling pond and hence, it does not require
any special water treatment. Whereas, occasionally pH of water is to be rectified.
iii. The other discharges from gasifier are charcoal and ash. Both are of biological nature
and biodegradable. 10% dry charcoal can be used again in gasifier while rest can be used
as cooking fuel or as an activated carbon in air dryer or as earthing material in electrical
towers/connections. Ash can be used as filling materials in large pits or briquettes of ash
can be made and sold as fuel cake.
iv. Gas from gasifier is fed directly into engine without any atmospheric discharge while
flare is given to occasionally check the quality of gas generated in gasifier and during the
stoppage of the system.
v. The major gaseous emission from the power pack is from engine exhaust only. Exhaust
from gas engine using producer gas is cleaner than conventional fuel due to absence of
sulphur in biomass. The suspended particulate matter in these exhaust gases is always
insignificant.
vi. Gasifier being a renewable source of energy equipment, is considered greener
technology free from any major environmentally adverse effects.
vii. Gasifier does not have any noise making components except motors, of small capacity.
viii. Alternator/engine will also cause some noise but it will be well within the limits.
ix. The use of wood in the gassifier for the first three years will damage the vegetation of
the area. Only Putus and Kaknauda shrubs will used as biomass in the gassifier. These
shrubs are not considered healthy for the growth of the forest and are removed
periodically. Thus the removed of these shrubs will enhance the growth of Sal trees in
the forest.
12.2 BENEFITS
i. With the provision of electricity in the village, the life of backward and Harijan
Community constituting the population of the village will be uplifted.
ii. Provision of electricity will provide opportunities to the villagers to have cottage
industries. This will enhance their economic status.
iii. School going children will have better studying conditions in the homes.
iv. With the provision of power in the area, the pressure on wood will reduce considerably.
v. With the betterment of lining conditions due to cooperation from the forest department,
the people will have a different attitude towards the forest resources which will
ultimately result in saving the forest.

AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 40(61) HH/BEP 41

 LIST OF PERSONNEL INVOLVEMENT
I. AHEC, IIT, ROORKEE

1. Sri Arun Kumar, Head, AHEC

2. Sri M. K. Singhal, SSO, AHEC
3. Sri Vijay Saini, SRF, AHEC
4. Sri Chandan Kumar, Fellow ‘A’, AHEC

II. CONSULTANTS

1. Dr. G.C.S. Gaur, Former Faculty Member UOR Roorkee

2. Sri Y. S. Jaduan, Former Chief Engineer (UPSEB)

III. ASSISTANTS

1. Sri R. K. Singhal, Technical Assistant

2. Sri Chandarpal Singh, Senior Attendant

Discussion during fieldwork were held with:

IV. JHARKHAND RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

1. Sri S. E. H. Kazami, Director

2. Sri P. K. Das, Project Officer, Domchancha

V. FOREST DEPARTMENT JHARKHAND

1. Sri S. Tripathi, DFO, Koderma.

2. Sri R. K. Ravidas, Project Officer

VI. GRAM VAN SAMITI, DHAB

1. Shri Trilok shah – Mukhiya

2. Shri Rajendra Shah- Member