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The document discusses aircraft pressurization and oxygen systems. It describes cabin pressurization and controlling cabin pressure. It then discusses oxygen storage, different oxygen systems, and oxygen system components like regulators, masks, and plumbing. The document provides technical details on pressurization and oxygen systems for aircraft.

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Laarni De Vera
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13 views5 pages

TR Template Format

The document discusses aircraft pressurization and oxygen systems. It describes cabin pressurization and controlling cabin pressure. It then discusses oxygen storage, different oxygen systems, and oxygen system components like regulators, masks, and plumbing. The document provides technical details on pressurization and oxygen systems for aircraft.

Uploaded by

Laarni De Vera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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De Vera, Luis Reden D.

Rating:
Pressurization System
BS AERO ENG / 3RD YEAR MARCH 11, 2024

Technical Report No. 1

AeE 662
Aircraft Systems

ENGR. CEDRIC JAMES D. LAMBINO


INSTRUCTOR
Pressurization System PAGE 1 OF 4

Pressurization Terms

1. Cabin Pressurization — is achieved by a cabin pressure control valve which is


installed in the cabin wall to control cabin pressure to the required value
depending on the aircraft altitude by regulating the flow of air from the cabin.
2. Cabin Altitude — given the air pressure inside the cabin, the altitude on a
standard day that has the same pressure as that in the cabin.
3. Cabin differential pressure — the difference between the air pressure inside the
cabin and the air pressure outside the cabin.
4. Cabin rate of climb — the rate of change of air pressure inside the cabin,
expressed in feet per minute (fpm) of cabin altitude change.

Cabin Pressure Controller


The cabin pressure controller is the device used to control the cabin air pressure.
Older aircraft use strictly pneumatic means for controlling cabin pressure.

Oxygen Systems
At higher altitudes (generally above 10,000 feet) the air is thin enough to require
supplemental oxygen for humans to function normally. Modern aircraft with the
capability to fly at high altitudes usually have oxygen systems installed for the use of
crew and/or passengers.
Pressurization System PAGE 2 OF 4

Characteristics of Oxygen
Oxygen is colorless, odorless and tasteless, and it is extremely active chemically. It
will combine with almost all other elements and with many compounds.

Gaseous Oxygen
Most of the aircraft in the general aviation fleet use gaseous oxygen stored in steel
cylinders under a pressure of between 1,800 and 2,400 psi.

Liquid Oxygen
Most military aircraft now carry their oxygen in a liquid state. Liquid oxygen is a
pale blue, transparent liquid that will remain in its liquid state as long as it is stored
at a temperature of below -181°F.

Chemical, or Solid, Oxygen


Many large transport aircraft use solid oxygen generators as a supplemental source
of oxygen to be used in the event of cabin depressurization.

Mechanically-separated Oxygen
A new procedure for producing oxygen is its extraction from the air by a mechanical
separation process.

Oxygen Systems and Components


Gaseous Oxygen Systems
Gaseous oxygen systems consist of the tanks the oxygen is stored in, regulators to
reduce the pressure from the high pressure in the tanks to the relatively low pressure
required for breathing, plumbing to connect the system components, and masks to
deliver the oxygen to the crewmember or passenger.

Oxygen Storage Cylinders


Gaseous oxygen is stored and transported in high-pressure cylinders. Most oxygen
storage cylinders are painted green, but yellow and other colors may be used as well.
They are certified to Department of Transportation (DOT) specifications.
Pressurization System PAGE 3 OF 4

Regulators
There are two basic types of regulators in use, and each type has variations.

Continuous Flow Regulators are of either the manual or automatic type. Low-
demand systems, such as are used in smaller piston-engine powered general aviation
aircraft, generally use a continuous flow regulator.
Manual Continuous Flow Regulators typically consist of two gauges and an
adjustment knob. One typical regulator has a gauge on the right that shows the
pressure of the oxygen in the system and indicates indirectly the amount of oxygen
available. Continuous flow systems do not use oxygen economically, but their
simplicity and low cost make them desirable when the demands are low.
Automatic Continuous Flow Regulators have a barometric control valve that
automatically adjusts the oxygen flow to correspond with the altitude. The flight
crew need only open the valve on the front of the regulator, and the correct amount
of oxygen will be metered into the system for the altitude being flown.
Diluter Demand Regulators are used by the flight crews on most commercial jet
aircraft. When the supply lever is turned on, oxygen can flow from the supply into
the regulator. A diluter demand regulator dilutes the oxygen supplied to the mask
with air from the cabin.
Pressure Demand Regulators operate in much the same way as diluter demand
regulators except at extremely high altitudes, where the oxygen is forced into the
mask under a positive pressure.

Masks
Masks are used to deliver the oxygen to the user. These are either of the continuous
flow or demand type.

Continuous flow masks are usually the rebreather type and vary from a simple bag-
type disposable mask used with some of the portable systems to the rubber bag-type
mask used for some of the flight crew systems.
The oxygen masks that automatically drop from the overhead compartment of a jet
transport aircraft in the event of cabin depressurization are of the rebreather type.
The plastic cup that fits over the mouth and nose has a check valve in it, and the
plastic bag attached to the cup is the rebreather bag.
Pressurization System PAGE 4 OF4

With demand-type masks the regulator is set up to meter the proper amount of
oxygen to the user, so outside air would upset the required ratio of air to oxygen.
Demand-type masks must fit tightly to the face so no outside air can enter.

Flow Indicators
Flow indicators, or flow meters, are common in all oxygen systems. They usually
consist of a lightweight object, or apparatus, that is moved by the oxygen stream.

Oxygen Plumbing and Valves


Tubing and fittings make up most of the oxygen system plumbing and connect the
various components. Most lines are metal in permanent installations. High-pressure
lines are usually stainless steel. Tubing in the low-pressure parts of the oxygen
system is typically aluminum.

Five types of valves are commonly found in high-pressure gaseous oxygen systems:
 filler,
 check,
 shutoff,
 pressure reducer, and
 pressure relief

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