Examples Based on 3 – Phase Induction Motor

Prepared By
Prof. K. R. Gajjar
Asst. Professor
Electrical (A S & H) Dept.,

ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION

(3152001)

SAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(113)
AHMEDABAD
 Parameters
𝑁𝑠 −𝑁
• Slip (s) %𝑠 = × 100
𝑁𝑠

• Frequency of rotor (slip frequency) 𝑓𝑟 = 𝑠 × 𝑓

𝑁2
• Induced voltage in the rotor At No load 𝐸2 = 𝐸
𝑁1 1
During running condition 𝐸2 = 𝑠. 𝐸1

• Rotor reactance At starting 𝑋2 = 𝜔𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿

During running condition 𝑋2 = 𝑠. 𝑋2

• Rotor Impedance At starting 𝑍2 = 𝑅22 + 𝑋22

During running condition 𝑍2 = 𝑅22 + 𝑠 2 𝑋22
 𝑅2
• Rotor Power Factor At starting cos ∅𝑟 = 𝑅2ൗ𝑍2 =
𝑅22 +𝑋22
𝑅2
During running condition cos ∅𝑟 = 𝑅2ൗ𝑍2 =
𝑅22 +𝑠 2 𝑋22

𝐸2 𝐸2
• Rotor Current At starting 𝐼2 = =
𝑍2
𝑅22 +𝑋22
𝐸2 𝑠.𝐸2
During running condition 𝐼2 = =
𝑍2
𝑅22 +𝑠 2 𝑋22

120𝑓
• Synchronous speed 𝑁𝑠 =
𝑃

3 𝑠𝐸22 𝑅2 𝑁𝑠
• Torque 𝑇= × 𝑁𝑠′ =
2𝜋𝑁𝑠′ 𝑅22 + 𝑠𝑋2 2
60
• A 3-phase I.M is running at 1740 rpm on a 60 Hz supply. Calculate no. of poles, the slip
and the rotor frequency. Assuming synchronous speed is 1800 rpm.
• Given Data: Ns = 1800 rpm 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁 1800 − 1740
• Slip (s) 𝑠= =
N = 1740 rpm 𝑁𝑠 1800
f = 60 Hz
∴ 𝑠 = 0.0333 = 3.33%
• Synchronous speed
• Rotor Frequency
120𝑓 120𝑓
𝑁𝑠 = ∴𝑃= 𝑓𝑟 = 𝑠𝑓
𝑃 𝑁𝑠
∴ 𝑓𝑟 = 0.0333 ×60
120 × 60
∴𝑃=
1800 ∴ 𝑓𝑟 = 1.998 𝐻𝑧

∴𝑃=4
• A 3-ph, 6 pole, 50 Hz I.M has a slip of 1% at no load and 3% at full load. Find (1) no
load speed (2) full load speed (3) rotor frequency
• Given Data: P = 6 • No load speed
f = 50 Hz 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁𝑁𝐿 1000 − 𝑁𝑁𝐿
𝑠= ∴ 0.01 =
s(NL)=1%=0.01 𝑁𝑠 1000
s(FL)=3%=0.03
∴ 𝑁𝑁𝐿 = 990 rpm
• Synchronous speed • Full load speed
120𝑓 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁𝐹𝐿 1000 − 𝑁𝐹𝐿
𝑁𝑠 = 𝑠= ∴ 0.03 =
𝑃 𝑁𝑠 1000
120 × 50
∴ 𝑁𝑠 = ∴ 𝑁𝐹𝐿 = 970 rpm
6
• Rotor Frequency
∴ 𝑁𝑠 = 1000 rpm
𝑓𝑟 = 𝑠𝑓 ∴ 𝑓𝑟 = 0.01 ×50 ∴ 𝑓𝑟 = 0.5 𝐻𝑧

𝑓𝑟 = 𝑠𝑓 ∴ 𝑓𝑟 = 0.03 ×50 ∴ 𝑓𝑟 = 1.5 𝐻𝑧

• A 3-phase, 50 Hz, 500 V IM with 6 poles gives an output of 20 kW at 950 rpm with power
factor of 0.8. The mechanical losses are equal to 1 kW. Calculate for this load (a) slip
(b) rotor cu loss (c) input if stator losses are 1500 W (d) line current.

• Given Data: 3-Ph I.M • Slip (s) 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁 1000 − 950

𝑠= =
f = 50 Hz, VL = 500 V 𝑁𝑠 1000
P = 6, ∴ 𝑠 = 0.05 = 5%
Pout = 20 kW = 20 ×103W
N = 950 rpm • Gross Output Power
P.F (Cos ∅) = 0.8 𝑃𝑀 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑀𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
Mechanical loss = 1 kW = 1000 W 𝑃𝑀 = 20 𝑘𝑊 +1 kW = 21 kW
Stator loss = 1500 W
• Rotor Cu loss
• Synchronous speed
𝑃𝑐𝑢 𝑠 𝑠
= ∴ 𝑃𝑐𝑢 = × 𝑃𝑀
120𝑓 120 × 50 𝑃𝑀 1 − 𝑠 1−𝑠
𝑁𝑠 = = = 1000 rpm
𝑃 6 0.05
∴ 𝑃𝑐𝑢 = ×21 kW = 1105.26 W
1−0.05
• Motor Input (Pi)
𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑀𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 20000 + 1000 + 1500 + 1105.26 = 23.605 kW

• Line Current (IL)

𝑃𝑖 = 3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cos ∅
𝑃𝑖
∴ 𝐼𝐿 =
3 × 𝑉𝐿 cos ∅
23.605 × 103
∴ 𝐼𝐿 =
3 × 500 × 0.8
∴ 𝐼𝐿 = 34.07 𝐴
• A 3-phase 50 Hz I.M has its rotor star connected. At standstill emf between two slip rings
is 450 V on open circuit. (1) Determine current and power factor of rotor at standstill
when the slip rings are connected to star connected external circuit having 12 Ω
resistance per phase. The rotor winding has 0.2 Ω and 0.05 H as its resistance and
inductance per phase. (2) Calculate current and p.f when slip rings are shorted and
motor is running with a slip of 6%.
• Rotor Impedance at standstill (including external
• Given Data: V2line = 450 V resistance)
f = 50 Hz
R2 = 0.2 Ω , L2 = 0.05 H 𝑍2 = 𝑅𝑒𝑥 + 𝑅2 2 + 𝑋22 = 𝑅𝑒𝑥 + 𝑅2 2 + 2𝜋𝑓𝐿2 2

S = 6% = 0.06 = 12 + 0.2 2 + 2𝜋 × 50 × 0.05 2 = 19.9 Ω

Rex = 12 Ω
• Rotor Current (I2) at standstill
• Rotor emf (E2) at standstill 𝐸2(𝑝ℎ) 259.8
𝐼2 = = = 13.062 A
𝐸2(𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒) 450 𝑍2 19.9
𝐸2(𝑝ℎ) = = = 259.8 V
3 3 • Rotor Power Factor at standstill
𝑅2 12 + 0.2
cos ∅2 = = = 0.62 lag
𝑍2 19.9
• When slip rings are shorted and S = 6%

𝑍2 = 𝑅𝑒𝑥 + 𝑅2 2 + 𝑠2𝑋22

= 0 + 0.2 2 + 2𝜋 × 50 × 0.06 × 0.05 2

= 0.9635 Ω

𝐸2(𝑝ℎ) = 𝑠𝐸2

∴ 𝐸2(𝑝ℎ) = 0.06 × 259.8

∴ 𝐸2(𝑝ℎ) = 15.588 𝑉

𝐸2(𝑝ℎ) 15.588
𝐼2 = = = 16.18 A
𝑍2 0.9635

𝑅2 0.2
cos ∅2 = = = 0.2075 lag
𝑍2 0.9635
• A 3-phase, 400 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole induction motor has star connected stator winding. The
rotor resistance and reactance per phase are 0.1 Ω and 1 Ω respectively. The full load
speed is 1440 rpm. Calculate the synchronous speed, slip, rotor emf per phase and the
torque developed by the motor on full load. Assuming turns ratio to be 2.
• Rotor emf (E2) per phase
• Given Data: E1line = 400 V
𝐸1(𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒) 400
f = 50 Hz 𝐸1(𝑝ℎ) = = = 230.94 V
3 3
P=4
R2 = 0.1 Ω , X2 = 1 Ω 𝐸1(𝑝ℎ) 𝐸1(𝑝ℎ) 230.94
=2 ∴ 𝐸2(𝑝ℎ) = = = 115.47 𝑉
𝐸2(𝑝ℎ) 2 2
N = 1440 rpm

• Synchronous speed • Torque developed at full load

120𝑓 120 × 50 𝑁𝑠 1500

= 𝑁𝑠′ = = = 25 𝑟𝑝𝑠
𝑁𝑠 = = 1500 rpm 60 60
𝑃 4
3 𝑠𝐸22 𝑅2
𝑇= ×
𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁 1500 − 1440 2𝜋𝑁𝑠′ 𝑅22 + 𝑠𝑋2 2
• Slip (s) 𝑠= =
𝑁𝑠 1500 3 0.04 × 115.47 2 × 0.1
= × = 87.81 N-m
2𝜋(25) 0.1 2 + 0.04 × 1 2
∴ 𝑠 = 0.04 = 4%
• A 4-pole, 50 Hz, 3-ph I.M has a rotor resistance of 0.024 Ω per phase and standstill
reactance of 0.6 Ω per phase. Determine the speed at which the maximum torque is
developed.
• Given Data: P = 4
• Slip (s) 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁
R2 = 0.024 Ω 𝑠=
𝑁𝑠
X2 = 0.6 Ω
1500 − 𝑁
∴ 0.04 =
• Synchronous speed 1500

120𝑓 120 × 50 ∴ 𝑁 = 1440 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑁𝑠 = = = 1500 rpm
𝑃 4

• Condition for Maximum Torque

𝑅2 0.024
𝑆𝑚 = =
𝑋2 0.6
𝑆𝑚 = 0.04 = 4%
Thanks for Watching

Prepared By: K. R. Gajjar