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Lesson 6 Physcie Reviewer

The document discusses limiting reactants and excess reactants in chemical reactions. It defines limiting and excess reactants, provides examples of calculations to determine limiting reactants, and discusses theoretical and percent yields of products.

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maryjoymadredijo173
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15 views15 pages

Lesson 6 Physcie Reviewer

The document discusses limiting reactants and excess reactants in chemical reactions. It defines limiting and excess reactants, provides examples of calculations to determine limiting reactants, and discusses theoretical and percent yields of products.

Uploaded by

maryjoymadredijo173
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Limiting Reactants

• Limiting Reactant
– used up in a reaction
– determines the amount of product

• Excess Reactant
– added to ensure that the other reactant is
completely used up
– cheaper & easier to recycle

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem


Limiting Reactants

aluminum + chlorine gas → aluminum chloride


Al(s) + Cl2(g) → AlCl3

2 Al(s) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 AlCl3

100 g 100 g ?g

A. 200 g B. 125 g C. 667 g D. 494 g


Limiting Reactants
aluminum + chlorine gas → aluminum chloride
2 Al(s) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 AlCl3
100 g 100 g xg
How much product would be made if we begin with 100 g of aluminum?

1 mol Al 2 mol AlCl3 133.5 g AlCl3


x g AlCl 3 = 100 g Al = 494 g AlCl 3
27 g Al 2 mol Al 1 mol AlCl3

How much product would be made if we begin with 100 g of chlorine gas?

1 mol Cl2 2 mol AlCl3 133.5 g AlCl3


x g AlCl 3 = 100 g Cl 2 = 125 g AlCl 3
71 g Cl2 3 mol Cl2 1 mol AlCl3
Sample Problem
Example 1: Finding the limiting reagent

How many grams of H2O can be produced if


15 grams of C2H6 react with 45 grams of O2?
Sample Problem
Example 1: Finding the limiting reagent

For the following reaction, what is the


limiting reagent if we start with 2.80g of Al
(Aluminum) and 4.25g of Cl (Chlorine)?
Percent Yield:
Theoretical yields:
The quantity of product that forms if all
of the limiting reagent reacts is called
the theoretical yield. Usually, we obtain
less than this, which is known as the
actual yield.

Percent yield = actual yield x 100


Theoretical yield
For example, the decomposition of
magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) forms 15
grams of magnesium oxide (MgO) in an
experiment. The theoretical yield is known to
be 19 grams. What is the percent yield of
magnesium oxide (MgO)?
Problem:
What is the percent yield when 5.50 g MgO
are recovered after burning 4.9 g of Mg in
sufficient oxygen?
Problem:
10.4 g of Ba(OH)2 was reacted with an excess of
Na2SO4 to give a precipitate of BaSO4. If the
reaction actually yielded 11.2 g of BaSO4, what is
a) the theoretical yield of BaSO4 and b) what is
the percentage yield of BaSO4?
The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Ba(OH)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) 🡒 BaSO4(s) + 2


NaOH(aq)
Step 1. Convert to moles:
Ba(OH)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) 🡒 BaSO4(s) + 2
NaOH(aq) 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole
2 moles

Moles Ba(OH)2:

Mol. Mass Ba(OH)2 = 137.3 + 2 x (16.0 + 1.0)


Moles = 10.4 g x =1 171.3
mol g/mol= 0.0607 moles
171.3 g
Step 2. Work out how much BaSO4 will be
formed:
Ba(OH)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) 🡒 BaSO4(s) + 2
NaOH(aq) 1 mole 2 moles
1 mole 1 mole
0.0607 moles
0.0607 moles
When it says that one reagent is in excess, that
means we do not have to worry about that reagent,
and the other one is the limiting reagent, in this
case the BaSO4.
We see that 1 mole of Ba(OH)2 will produce 1 mole
of BaSO4. Our factor is thus 0.0607, and we will get
0.0607 moles of BaSO4.
Convert actual yield to percentage
yield:
Percent yield = actual yield x 100 %
Theoretical yield

= 11.2 g x 100 %
14.29 g

= 78.4 % yield
Limiting Reactants – Method 1
1. Write a balanced equation.
2. For each reactant, calculate the
amount of product formed.

3. Smaller answer indicates:


– limiting reactant
– amount of product

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem


Limiting Reactants – Method 2
• Begin by writing a correctly balanced
chemical equation
• Write down all quantitative values under
equation (include units)
• Convert ALL reactants to units of moles
• Divide by the coefficient in front of each
reactant
• The smallest value is the limiting reactant!
Limiting Reagents
Computation

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