CRY OF

BALINTAWAK OR
PUGAD LAWIN
Presented by:
MARIA MICA ELLA T. BUENA & LATRELL D. CASTRO
TOPIC OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION DIFFERENT DATES
DEFINITION OF THE AND PLACES
CRY

EVENT PRIOR TO THE THE KATIPUNAN

CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN
DEATH LEGACY
TEARING OF CEDULA
INTRODUCTORY
 INTRODUCTION
The Philippine Revolution against over 300 years of
Spanish rule began with Andrés Bonifacio, leader of the
Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society that sought
independence for the Philippines from Spanish colonial
rule.
In August 1896, in the sitio of Pugad Lawin in
Balintawak, now part of Quezon City, the Katipuneros
led by Andrés Bonifacio rose up in revolt by tearing up
their “cedulas” which became a sign of enslavement of
the Filipinos. This event called the “Cry of Pugad Lawin,”
officially regarded as the start of the Philippine
Revolution against Spain with the use of violence and
arms.
DEFINITION OF
THE CRY
 DEFINITION OF "CRY"
The word “cry” comes from the Spanish el grito de rebelion
(cry of rebellion) or el grito for short. Thus the Grito de
Balintawak is similar to the Grito de Dolores of Mexico (1810).
But the “el grito de rebelion” strictly refers to a decision or call
to revolt. It doesn’t necessarily mean shouting, unlike the
Filipino term Sigaw or Sigao.
Originally the term “cry” referred to the first clash between the
members of Katipunan and the Civil Guards (Guardia Civil).
The cry could also refer to the tearing up of cedulas
(community tax certificates) in resistance to Spanish
government.
The cry can also be referred to in the inscriptions of “Viva la
Independencia Filipina” which was literally accompanied by
patriotic shouts.
 PIO
VALENZUELA
 PIO VALENZUELA
This controversial version of the “Cry of the Pugad
Lawin” has been authorized by no other than Dr. Pio
Valenzuela, who happened to be the eyewitness
himself of the event. In his first version, he told that
the prime staging point of the Cry was in Balintawak
on Wednesday of August 26, 1896. He held this
account when the happenings or events are still vivid
in his memory. On the other hand, later in his life and
with a fading memory, he wrote his Memoirs of the
Revolution without consulting the written documents
of the Philippine revolution and claimed that the “Cry”
took place at Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.
SANTIAGO
ALVAREZ
 SANTIAGO ALVAREZ
This version of the “Cry” was written by Santiago
Alvarez, a well-known Katipunero from Cavite and a
son of Mariano Alvarez. Santiago is a relative of
Gregoria de Jesus, who happened to be the wife of
Andres Bonifacio. Unlike the author of the first
version mentioned (Valenzuela), Santiago Alvarez is
not an eyewitness of this event. As a result, this
version of him is not given of equal value as compared
with the other versions for authors of other accounts
are actually part of the historic event.
GREGORIA
DE JESUS
 GREGORIA DE JESUS
This version was written by no other than the
“Lakambini of the Katipunan” and wife of Andres
Bonifacio, Gregoria de Jesus. She has been a
participant of this event and became the keeper of the
secret documents of the Katipunan. After the
Revolution in August 1896, she lived with her parents
in Caloocan then fled to Manila when she was told
that Spanish authorities wanted to arrest her.
Eventually, she joined her husband in the mountains
and shared adversities with him. In her account, the
First “Cry” happened near Caloocan on August 25,
1896.
GUILLERMO
MASANGKAY
GUILLERMO MASANGKAY
This version is written by the Katipunan General
Guillermo Masangkay. He is an eyewitness of the
historic event and a childhood friend of Bonifacio.
According to him, the first rally of the Philippine
Revolution happened on August 26, 1896 at
Balintawak. Correspondingly, the date and site
presented were accepted by the preliminary years of
American government. Below is General Guillermo
Masangkay’s version of the “Cry of Balintawak”.
DIFFERENT DATES
& PLACES
 DIFFERENT DATES & PLACES
Several accounts provide differing dates and places for the Cry of Pugad Lawin.
Olegario Diaz, who was an officer of the Spanish Guardia civil stated that the Cry happened
in Balintawak on August 25, 1896.
Historian Teodoro Kalaw wrote in his 1925 book entitled The Filipino Revolution that the Cry
took place during the final week of August 1896 at Kangkong, Balintawak.
Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez who was the leader of the
Magdiwang faction in Cavite, stated in 1927 that the cry happened at Bahay Toro, now in
Quezon City on August 24, 1896.
Pío Valenzuela, Andrés Bonifacio’s close associate, declared in 1948 that the event took
place on August 23, 1896, in Pugad Lawin.
Some of the apparent confusion about the place where it happened is in part due to the
double meanings of the words “Balintawak” and “Caloocan” at the turn of the century.
However, from 1908 until 1963, this event was officially recognized as having happened on
August 26 in Balintawak. Ultimately, the Philippine government declared in 1963 a change
from August 26 to August 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City.
 EVENTS PRIOR TO
THE CRY OF PUGAD
LAWIN
EVENTS PRIOR TO THE CRY

Several events occurred to strengthen the unity of the Filipino

people and brought a “thirst” for independence.
These include the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, Martyrdom of the
GOMBURZA, propaganda movements, and different peaceful
campaigns for reforms, Dr. Rizal’s exile in Dapitan, and the
foundation and the discovery of the KKK or Kataastaasan,
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (“Supreme
and Venerable Association of the Children of the Nation”).
THE KATIPUNAN
The Katipunan was an offshoot from the La Liga Filipina, a movement that sought to bring
about political reform in the Spanish colonial government led by José Rizal (Philippines’ national
hero).
Rizal had been exiled right after his organization was formed with their first meeting.
After several years had passed with essentially no changes in the constitution, Bonifacio and
others lost all hope for some peaceful reform being brought about by La Liga Filipina.
Spearheaded by Andres Bonifacio, they abandoned the organization and concentrated their
efforts on the Katipunan to bring about a revolution with the use of violence and arms.
Founded by Bonifacio, Ladislaw Diwa, Deodato Arellano, and others on July 7, 1892, the secret
organization consisted of both male and female patrons, including Bonifacio’s wife, who led the
female faction.
With aiming the organization’s goal of independence from Spain, the Katipunan led by Andres
Bonifacio started the revolution preceded by the Cry of Pugad Lawin.
August 19, 1896, the paraphernalia used in printing Katipunan documents and other items was
found revealing the existence of the Katipunan.
Consequently, a series of arrests of Katipuneros in Manila followed, and many Filipinos were
jailed or imprisoned.
As many as five hundred arrests were performed and many escaped the city for fear of been
captured, tortured, or killed.
TEARING OF
CEDULA
 TEARING OF CEDULA
Not all statements describe the tearing of cédulas in the last days of August but the version of
Agoncillo, which was based on the later statements of Pío Valenzuela including the others who
insisted that the cry happened in Pugad Lawin instead of Balintawak, was the source of the current
stance of the Philippine government official commemorations.
Bonifacio and many others had escaped to Pugad Lawin.
During their meeting at the house of Juan Ramos on August 23, 1896, Bonifacio urged his supporters
to tear into pieces their cédulas (residence certificates) as a sign of revolt against the Spanish
government.
Being highly motivated by the killings and arrest of their fellow members in Manila, they tore up their
cedulas and let out the cry “Long live the Philippines,” which is known as the Cry of Pugad Lawin in
Philippine history.
He released a manifesto on the 28th for all their supporters in the surrounding towns to take up arms
on the impending strike on Manila which would happen on August 29th.
The revolt eventually increased in strength and spread to eight provinces –Manila, Bulacan, Cavite,
Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, and Nueva Ecija — which were subsequently represented by the
eight rays of the sun in the present Filipino flag.
DEATH LEGACY
 DEATH LEGACY
The Cry of the Rebellion in Pugad Lawin marked the
beginning of the Philippine Revolution in 1896 which
ultimately led to Philippine Independence in 1898.
After Bonifacio’s death on May 10, 1897, in
Maragondon, Cavite, General Emilio Aguinaldo
continued the revolution.
He declared the independence of the country from
Spain on June 12, 1898, at Kawit, Cavite.
BALINTAWAK MONUMENT
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FOR
LISTENING