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Lecture1 Introduction

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22 views36 pages

Lecture1 Introduction

Uploaded by

elwakilwkw
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dynamics of Machinery

L EC TUR E 1 : IN TRO DU C TION


BY: D R SA LM A SA L A H
Lecture contents
Session A
Module information
Module logistics
Session B:
What is dynamic of machinery
Applications of dynamics of machinery
Session C:
Basic principles and concepts
Session A
Module information

23MECH07I: DYNAMICS LECTURES: 10X 2-HOUR TUTORIAL Ø1X 2HOUR


OF MACHINERY MONDAY- 11:00 –1:00

You can find the module Spec on the E-learning


Staff Involved
Module leader: Dr Salma Salah
Office: A-112
Office- hours: on the eLearning
Email: salma.salah@bue.edu.eg

Teaching assistant: Abdelrahman Tarek


Office: A-112
Office- hours: on the eLearning
Email: abdelrahman.tarek@bue.edu.eg
Biography
▪ Teaching experience over 10 years: teaching at the BUE and City, University of
London.
▪ PhD in Mechanical Engineering, City, University of London, 2023
▪ MSc in Mechanical Engineering, Cairo University , 2016
▪ BSc in Mechanical Engineering, The British University in Egypt , 2013
▪ Fulbright Scholar in Texas A&M, Junior faculty development program, 2018
▪ Fellow of the Higher education Academy
20% In class assessment
20% class activities

Assessments

60% Unseen Exam


Module Content
▪ Fundamentals of dynamics
▪ Dynamic force analysis
▪ Balancing
▪ Engine Dynamics
▪ Multicylinder engines
▪ Cam dynamics
Recommended textbook
▪ Robert Norton, “Design of machinery: an introduction to the synthesis and
analysis of mechanisms and machines”, Sixth edition, NY, Mc GrawHill, ISBN:
1260113310 (2020).

▪ Charles E. Wilson and J. Peter Sadler, “Kinematics and dynamics of machinery,


SI third Edition, Prentice Hall, ISBN: 9780131866416.
Communication method
1. When?

2. How ?

3. Whom?

Body
Session B
1 SEM1
Kinematics analysis concept of machines.

2 SEM2:
Will be targeting the dynamis of machinery
What is dynamic of machinery ?
• Dynamics of machinery deals with the study of forces and motion in
mechanical systems.
• It involves the analysis of the dynamic behavior of machines and their
components, focusing on how forces and torques affect the motion
and equilibrium of these systems.
• The primary goal of studying the dynamics of machinery is to
understand, predict, and control the motion of mechanical systems.
Why is it important ?
Design Optimization: Safety and Reliability: Vibration Control:
Consider dynamic forces, Design components that can Develop strategies for
vibrations, and oscillations withstand various loads and controlling and minimizing
to optimize the operate within safe limits vibrations.
performance of machinery.

Control System Design: Failure Analysis:


Designing effective control Identify the root causes and
systems that can maintain prevent similar failures in
stability, responsiveness, the future.
and precision.
Application: vehicle dynamics
• Kinematics: The determination of velocities, accelerations, and positions of various
components under different operating conditions.
• This allows for enhancing vehicle performance, safety, and comfort by
optimizing part design, improving fuel efficiency.

• Kinetics: The determination of forces, torques, and power requirements of various


components during operation.
• This allows for understanding the effects of forces and moments on vehicle
dynamics, optimizing component strength and durability, enhancing fuel
efficiency, and ensure structural integrity.
Application: car engines

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQvfHyfgBtA&t=106s
Application: robots
• Kinematics: its is essential
for modeling and controlling
the motion of robotic
systems or other automated
machinery.
• Kinetics: understanding the
forces and torques acting on
a system is important for
designing effective control
systems.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Zbhvaac68Y
Mechanisms
A mechanism is a set of components arranged
and interconnected to perform a specific
purpose or function, often involving the
transmission or transformation of motion, force,
or energy.

Mechanisms are designed to achieve specific


tasks or movements and may consist of gears,
levers, cams, linkages, and other mechanical
elements.
Types of motion

Pure translation

Pure rotation

Complex motion: a simultaneous


combination of translation and rotation
Examples of mechanisms:
o Gears and gear trains: used for transmitting rotational motion and changing
speed or torque.
o Linkages: arrangements of rigid bars or links connected by joints, often used
to create specific types of motion.
o Cams and followers: utilized to convert rotary motion into oscillatory or
reciprocating motion.
o Pulleys and belts: employed for the transmission of motion and force
between rotating shafts.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ve9M8d6KfdI
Memory check!
Which of these mechanism was involved in car engines?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZO8QEG4x0wY& https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLeQNfc
t=24s atmg
Other daily examples?

Car door
Bicycle

Watch Can opener


Session C
Newton`s laws of motion
1. A body at rest tends to remain at rest and a body in motion at constant
velocity will tend to maintain that velocity unless acted upon by an external
force.
o Objects tend to maintain their current state of motion (either at rest or
in uniform motion) unless a force is applied to change that state.
o Example: A soccer ball on a field stays at rest until someone kicks it. A
moving car keeps moving unless a force (like braking or friction) slows it
down.
Newton`s laws of motion
2. The time rate of change of momentum of a body is equal to the direction
of the force: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the
net force acting upon it and inversely proportional to its mass. This is
expressed in
o F=ma, where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object, and a
is the resulting acceleration.
3. For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force
o Example: When you jump off a diving board, your push down on the
board (action), and the board pushes you up (reaction).
Graphical resultant force
1. Parallelogram law of forces.
2. Triangle law of forces.
3. Polygon law of forces.
Force and couple
Force and moment

Couples and Torques


Two parallel forces, equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction, acting on two different
points of a link form a couple. The moment of a
couple, called a torque.
Reaction on supports
Pin Joint: The reaction forces are equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction
(free to turn)

Pin-sliding joint

Fixed and roller connection?


Equilibrium under the action of two forces
Two-force member
If only two forces act on a body that
is in static equilibrium, the two forces
are along the axis of the link, equal in
magnitude, and opposite in direction.
.
Equilibrium under the action of three forces
For equilibrium, If only three forces act on a body
the 3 forces must be con-current and the force
polygon will be a triangle.
Practice example
Find the resultant force using “head to tail’ method.

How can we solve it graphically ?

Set a specific scale – 1cm : 100 N


Practice example
Head to tail method

Can we solve it analytically ?


Summary of the covered topics
o Module information and module logistics

o Introduction to dynamic of machinery

o Revision of basic concepts and principles

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