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Arithmetic Progression

The document provides an example of solving an arithmetic sequence problem to find a woman's salary in the 12th year and the number of years worked to earn $100,000 total. It then presents exercises involving identifying arithmetic sequences, finding terms and sums.

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40 views4 pages

Arithmetic Progression

The document provides an example of solving an arithmetic sequence problem to find a woman's salary in the 12th year and the number of years worked to earn $100,000 total. It then presents exercises involving identifying arithmetic sequences, finding terms and sums.

Uploaded by

Tsun Jian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example 3.

5 Jamila starts a part-time job on a salary of $9000 per year, and this increases by
an annual increment of $1000. Assuming that, apart from the increment, Jamila’s P1
salary does not increase, find
3
(i) her salary in the 12th year

Exercise 3A
(ii) the length of time she has been working when her total earnings are $100 000.

SOLUTION

Jamila’s annual salaries (in dollars) form the arithmetic sequence

9000, 10 000, 11 000, … .


with first term a = 9000, and common difference d = 1000.

(i) Her salary in the 12th year is calculated using:

   uk = a + (k − 1)d
⇒ u12 = 9000 + (12 − 1) × 1000
= 20 000.

(ii) The number of years that have elapsed when her total earnings are $100 000
is given by:
S = 12n [ 2a + (n – 1)d ]
where S = 100 000, a = 9000 and d = 1000.
This gives 100 000 = 12n [ 2 × 9000 + 1000(n – 1)].
This simplifies to the quadratic equation:

n 2 + 17n − 200 = 0.

Factorising,

(n − 8)(n + 25) = 0
⇒  n = 8 or n = −25.
The root n = −25 is irrelevant, so the answer is n = 8.
Jamila has earned a total of $100 000 after eight years.

EXERCISE 3A 1 Are the following sequences arithmetic?


If so, state the common difference and the seventh term.

(i) 27, 29, 31, 33, … (ii) 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, … (iii) 2, 4, 8, 16, …


(iv) 3, 7, 11, 15, … (v) 8, 6, 4, 2, …
2 The first term of an arithmetic sequence is −8 and the common difference is 3.
(i) Find the seventh term of the sequence.
(ii) The last term of the sequence is 100.
How many terms are there in the sequence? 81
3  he first term of an arithmetic sequence is 12, the seventh term is 36 and the
T
P1 last term is 144.

3 (i)
(ii)
Find the common difference.
Find how many terms there are in the sequence.
Sequences and series

4 There are 20 terms in an arithmetic progression.


The first term is −5 and the last term is 90.
(i) Find the common difference.
(ii) Find the sum of the terms in the progression.
5 The kth term of an arithmetic progression is given by
uk = 14 + 2k.
(i) Write down the first three terms of the progression.
(ii) Calculate the sum of the first 12 terms of this progression.
6 Below is an arithmetic progression.
120 + 114 + … + 36
(i) How many terms are there in the progression?
(ii) What is the sum of the terms in the progression?
7 The fifth term of an arithmetic progression is 28 and the tenth term is 58.
(i) Find the first term and the common difference.
(ii) The sum of all the terms in this progression is 444.
How many terms are there?
8 The sixth term of an arithmetic progression is twice the third term, and the
first term is 3. The sequence has ten terms.
(i) Find the common difference.
(ii) Find the sum of all the terms in the progression.
9 (i) Find the sum of all the odd numbers between 50 and 150.
(ii) Find the sum of all the even numbers from 50 to 150, inclusive.
(iii) Find the sum of the terms of the arithmetic sequence with first term 50,
common difference 1 and 101 terms.
(iv) Explain the relationship between your answers to parts (i), (ii) and (iii).
10 The first term of an arithmetic progression is 3000 and the tenth term is 1200.
(i) Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the progression.
(ii) After how many terms does the sum of the progression become negative?
11 An arithmetic progression has first term 7 and common difference 3.
(i) Write down a formula for the kth term of the progression.
Which term of the progression equals 73?
(ii) Write down a formula for the sum of the first n terms of the progression.
82 How many terms of the progression are required to give a sum equal to
6300?  [MEI]
12 
Paul’s starting salary in a company is $14 000 and during the time he stays
with the company it increases by $500 each year. P1
(i) What is his salary in his sixth year? 3
(ii) How many years has Paul been working for the company when his total

Exercise 3A
earnings for all his years there are $126 000?
13 A jogger is training for a 10 km charity run. He starts with a run of 400 m;
then he increases the distance he runs by 200 m each day.
(i) How many days does it take the jogger to reach a distance of 10 km
in training?
(ii) What total distance will he have run in training by then?
14 A piece of string 10 m long is to be cut into pieces, so that the lengths of the
pieces form an arithmetic sequence.
(i) The lengths of the longest and shortest pieces are 1 m and 25 cm
respectively; how many pieces are there?
(ii) If the same string had been cut into 20 pieces with lengths that formed
an arithmetic sequence, and if the length of the second longest had been
92.5 cm, how long would the shortest piece have been?
15 The 11th term of an arithmetic progression is 25 and the sum of the first 4
terms is 49.
(i) Find the first term of the progression and the common difference.
The nth term of the progression is 49.
(ii) Find the value of n.
16 The first term of an arithmetic progression is 6 and the fifth term is 12. The
progression has n terms and the sum of all the terms is 90. Find the value of n.
[Cambridge AS & A Level Mathematics 9709, Paper 1 Q3 November 2008]

17 The training programme of a pilot requires him to fly ‘circuits’ of an airfield.


Each day he flies 3 more circuits than the day before. On the fifth day he flew
14 circuits.
Calculate how many circuits he flew:
(i) on the first day
(ii) in total by the end of the fifth day
(iii) in total by the end of the nth day
(iv) in total from the end of the nth day to the end of the 2nth day. Simplify
your answer. 
[MEI]

83
18 As part of a fund-raising campaign, I have
P1 been given some books of raffle tickets to sell. 22007
3
Each book has the same number of tickets
and all the tickets I have been given are 6
numbered in sequence. The number of the
Sequences and series

ticket on the front of the 5th book is 205 and


that on the front of the 19th book is 373.
(i) By writing the number of the ticket on the front of the first book as a
and the number of tickets in each book as d, write down two equations
involving a and d.
(ii) From these two equations find how many tickets are in each book and
the number on the front of the first book I have been given.
(iii) The last ticket I have been given is numbered 492.
How many books have I been given?
[MEI]

Geometric progressions

Figure 3.2

A human being begins life as one cell, which divides into two, then four… .

The terms of a geometric sequence are formed by multiplying one term by a fixed
number, the common ratio, to obtain the next. This can be written inductively as:
uk+1 = ruk with first term u1.
The sum of the terms of a geometric sequence is called a geometric progression,
shortened to G.P. An alternative name is a geometric series.

Notation

When describing geometric sequences in this book, the following conventions


are used:

●● first term u1 = a
84 ●● common ratio = r

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