STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

Problem 114. The homogeneous bar ABCD shown in Fig. P-114 is supported by a cable that runs from A
to B around the smooth peg at E, a vertical cable at C, and a smooth inclined surface at D. Determine the
mass of the heaviest bar that can be supported if the stress in each cable is limited to 100 MPa. The area
of the cable AB is 250 mm2 and that of the cable at C is 300 mm2.

SHEAR STRESS

Problem 115. What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in a plate that is 25 mm thick? The
shear strength is 350 MN/m2.

Problem 116. As in Fig. 1-11c, a hole is to be punched out of a plate having a shearing strength of 40 ksi.
The compressive stress in the punch is limited to 50 ksi. (a) Compute the maximum thickness of plate in
which a hole 2.5 inches in diameter can be punched. (b) If the plate is 0.25 inch thick, determine the
diameter of the smallest hole that can be punched.

Problem 117. Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis shown in Fig. 1-11b if P = 400
kN. The shearing strength of the bolt is 300 MPa.

Problem 118. A 200-mm-diameter pulley is prevented from rotating relative to 60-mm-diameter shaft by
a 70-mm-long key, as shown in Fig. P-118. If a torque T = 2.2 kN·m is applied to the shaft, determine the
width b if the allowable shearing stress in the key is 60 MPa.

Problem 119. Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member supported as shown in Fig. P-
119. The pin diameter is 20 mm.

Problem 120. The members of the structure in Fig. P-120 weigh 200 lb/ft. Determine the smallest
diameter pin that can be used at A if the shearing stress is limited to 5000 psi. Assume single shear.
Problem 121. Referring to Fig. P-121, compute the maximum force P that can be applied by the machine
operator, if the shearing stress in the pin at B and the axial stress in the control rod at C are limited to
4000 psi and 5000 psi, respectively. The diameters are 0.25 inch for the pin, and 0.5 inch for the control
rod. Assume single shear for the pin at B.

Problem 122. Two blocks of wood, width w and thickness t, are glued together along the joint inclined at
the angle θ as shown in Fig. P-122. Using the free-body diagram concept in Fig. 1-4a, show that the
shearing stress on the glued joint is τ = P sin 2θ/2A, where A is the crosssectional area.

Problem 123. A rectangular piece of wood, 50 mm by 100 mm in cross section, is used as a compression
block shown in Fig. P-123. Determine the axial force P that can be safely applied to the block if the
compressive stress in wood is limited to 20 MN/m2 and the shearing stress parallel to the grain is limited
to 5 MN/m2 . The grain makes an angle of 20° with the horizontal, as shown. (Hint: Use the results in
Problem 122.)
BEARING STRESS

Problem 125. In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm
wide. The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for shearing of
rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and (b) the largest average tensile stress in the
plates.

Problem 129. A 7/8-in.-diameter bolt, having a diameter at the root of the threads of 0.731 in., is used to
fasten two timbers together as shown in Fig. P-129. The nut is tightened to cause a tensile stress of 18 ksi
in the bolt. Compute the shearing stress in the head of the bolt and in the threads. Also, determine the
outside diameter of the washers if their inside diameter is 9/8 in. and the bearing stress is limited to 800
psi.

Problem 130. Figure P-130 shows a roof truss and the detail of the riveted connection at joint B. Using
allowable stresses of τ = 70 MPa and σb= 140 MPa, how many 19-mm diameter rivets are required to
fasten member BC to the gusset plate? Member BE? What is the largest average tensile or compressive
stress in BC and BE?

Problem 131 Repeat Problem 130 if the rivet diameter is 22 mm and all other data remain unchanged.

CIRCUMFERENTIAL AND LONGITUDINAL STRESS

Problem 137. A water tank, 22 ft in diameter, is made from steel plates that are ½ in. thick. Find the
maximum height to which the tank may be filled if the circumferential stress is limited to 6000 psi. The
specific weight of water is 62.4 lb/ft3 .
STRAIN

Problem 206. A steel rod having a cross-sectional area of 300 mm2 and a length of 150 m is suspended
vertically from one end. It supports a tensile load of 20 kN at the lower end. If the unit mass of steel is
7850 kg/m3 and E = 200 × 103 MN/m2 , find the total elongation of the rod.

Problem 207. A steel wire 30 ft long, hanging vertically, supports a load of 500 lb. Neglecting the weight
of the wire, determine the required diameter if the stress is not to exceed 20 ksi and the total elongation
is not to exceed 0.20 in. Assume E = 29 × 106 psi.

Problem 208. A steel tire, 10 mm thick, 80 mm wide, and 1500.0 mm inside diameter, is heated and shrunk
onto a steel wheel 1500.5 mm in diameter. If the coefficient of static friction is 0.30, what torque is
required to twist the tire relative to the wheel? Neglect the deformation of the wheel. Use E = 200 GPa.

Problem 211 A bronze bar is fastened between a steel bar and an aluminum bar as shown in Fig. P211.
Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the largest value of P that will not exceed an overall
deformation of 3.0 mm, or the following stresses: 140 MPa in the steel, 120 MPa in the bronze, and 80
MPa in the aluminum. Assume that the assembly is suitably braced to prevent buckling. Use Est = 200
GPa, Eal = 70 GPa, and Ebr = 83 GPa.

Problem 213 The rigid bar AB, attached to two vertical rods as shown in Fig. P-213, is horizontal before
the load P is applied. Determine the vertical movement of P if its magnitude is 50 kN.

Problem 214 The rigid bars AB and CD shown in Fig. P-214 are supported by pins at A and C and the two
rods. Determine the maximum force P that can be applied as shown if its vertical movement is limited to
5 mm. Neglect the weights of all members.

Problem 215 A uniform concrete slab of total weight W is to be attached, as shown in Fig. P-215, to two
rods whose lower ends are on the same level. Determine the ratio of the areas of the rods so that the slab
will remain level.
Problem 216 As shown in Fig. P-216, two aluminum rods AB and BC, hinged to rigid supports, are pinned
together at B to carry a vertical load P = 6000 lb. If each rod has a crosssectional area of 0.60 in2 and E =
10 × 106 psi, compute the elongation of each rod and the horizontal and vertical displacements of point
B. Assume α = 30° and θ = 30°

POISSON’S RATIO

Problem 223 A rectangular steel block is 3 inches long in the x direction, 2 inches long in the y direction,
and 4 inches long in the z direction. The block is subjected to a triaxial loading of three uniformly
distributed forces as follows: 48 kips tension in the x direction, 60 kips compression in the y direction, and
54 kips tension in the z direction. If ν = 0.30 and E = 29 × 106 psi, determine the single uniformly distributed
load in the x direction that would produce the same deformation in the y direction as the original loading.

Problem 224 For the block loaded triaxially as described in Prob. 223, find the uniformly distributed load
that must be added in the x direction to produce no deformation in the z direction.

Problem 225 A welded steel cylindrical drum made of a 10-mm plate has an internal diameter of 1.20 m.
Compute the change in diameter that would be caused by an internal pressure of 1.5 MPa. Assume that
Poisson's ratio is 0.30 and E = 200 GPa.

Problem 226 A 2-in.-diameter steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.05 inch just fits in a rigid hole. Find the
tangential stress if an axial compressive load of 3140 lb is applied. Assume ν = 0.30 and neglect the
possibility of buckling.
Problem 227 A 150-mm-long bronze tube, closed at its ends, is 80 mm in diameter and has a wall thickness
of 3 mm. It fits without clearance in an 80-mm hole in a rigid block. The tube is then subjected to an
internal pressure of 4.00 MPa. Assuming ν = 1/3 and E = 83 GPa, determine the tangential stress in the
tube.

Problem 228 A 6-in.-long bronze tube, with closed ends, is 3 in. in diameter with a wall thickness of 0.10
in. With no internal pressure, the tube just fits between two rigid end walls. Calculate the longitudinal and
tangential stresses for an internal pressure of 6000 psi. Assume ν = 1/3 and E = 12 × 106 psi.

THERMAL STRESS

Problem 261 A steel rod with a cross-sectional area of 0.25 in2 is stretched between two fixed points. The
tensile load at 70°F is 1200 lb. What will be the stress at 0°F? At what temperature will the stress be zero?
Assume α = 6.5 × 10-6 in / (in·°F) and E = 29 × 106 psi.

Problem 262 A steel rod is stretched between two rigid walls and carries a tensile load of 5000 N at 20°C.
If the allowable stress is not to exceed 130 MPa at -20°C, what is the minimum diameter of the rod?
Assume α = 11.7 µm/(m·°C) and E = 200 GPa.

Problem 263 Steel railroad reels 10 m long are laid with a clearance of 3 mm at a temperature of 15°C. At
what temperature will the rails just touch? What stress would be induced in the rails at that temperature
if there were no initial clearance? Assume α = 11.7 µm/(m·°C) and E = 200 GPa.

Problem 265 A bronze bar 3 m long with a cross sectional area of 320 mm2 is placed between two rigid
walls as shown in Fig. P-265. At a temperature of -20°C, the gap Δ = 25 mm. Find the temperature at which
the compressive stress in the bar will be 35 MPa. Use α = 18.0 × 10-6 m/(m·°C) and E = 80 GPa.

Problem 266 Calculate the increase in stress for each segment of the compound bar shown in Fig. P266 if
the temperature increases by 100°F. Assume that the supports are unyielding and that the bar is suitably
braced against buckling.

Problem 267 At a temperature of 80°C, a steel tire 12 mm thick and 90 mm wide that is to be shrunk onto
a locomotive driving wheel 2 m in diameter just fits over the wheel, which is at a temperature of 25°C.
Determine the contact pressure between the tire and wheel after the assembly cools to 25°C. Neglect the
deformation of the wheel caused by the pressure of the tire. Assume α = 11.7 µm/(m·°C) and E = 200 GPa.

Problem 268 The rigid bar ABC in Fig. P-268 is pinned at B and attached to the two vertical rods. Initially,
the bar is horizontal and the vertical rods are stress-free. Determine the stress in the aluminum rod if the
temperature of the steel rod is decreased by 40°C. Neglect the weight of bar ABC.

Problem 269 As shown in Fig. P-269, there is a gap between the aluminum bar and the rigid slab that is
supported by two copper bars. At 10°C, Δ = 0.18 mm. Neglecting the mass of the slab, calculate the stress
in each rod when the temperature in the assembly is increased to 95°C. For each copper bar, A= 500 mm2
, E = 120 GPa, and α = 16.8 µm/(m·°C). For the aluminum bar, A = 400 mm2 , E = 70 GPa, and α = 23.1
µm/(m·°C).
Problem 271 A rigid bar of negligible weight is supported as shown in Fig. P-271. If W = 80 kN, compute
the temperature change that will cause the stress in the steel rod to be 55 MPa. Assume the coefficients
of linear expansion are 11.7 µm/(m·°C) for steel and 18.9 µm / (m·°C) for bronze.

Problem 273 The composite bar shown in Fig. P-273 is firmly attached to unyielding supports. An axial
force P = 50 kips is applied at 60°F. Compute the stress in each material at 120°F. Assume α = 6.5 × 10–6
in/(in·°F) for steel and 12.8 × 10–6 in/(in·°F) for aluminum.

TORSION

Problem 305 What is the minimum diameter of a solid steel shaft that will not twist through more than
3° in a 6-m length when subjected to a torque of 12 kN·m? What maximum shearing stress is developed?
Use G = 83 GPa.

Problem 306 A steel marine propeller shaft 14 in. in diameter and 18 ft long is used to transmit 5000 hp
at 189 rpm. If G = 12 × 106 psi, determine the maximum shearing stress.

Problem 307 A solid steel shaft 5 m long is stressed at 80 MPa when twisted through 4°. Using G = 83 GPa,
compute the shaft diameter. What power can be transmitted by the shaft at 20 Hz?
Problem 308 A 2-in-diameter steel shaft rotates at 240 rpm. If the shearing stress is limited to 12 ksi,
determine the maximum horsepower that can be transmitted.

Problem 309 A steel propeller shaft is to transmit 4.5 MW at 3 Hz without exceeding a shearing stress of
50 MPa or twisting through more than 1° in a length of 26 diameters. Compute the proper diameter if G
= 83 GPa.

Problem 311 An aluminum shaft with a constant diameter of 50 mm is loaded by torques applied to gears
attached to it as shown in Fig. P-311. Using G = 28 GPa, determine the relative angle of twist of gear D
relative to gear A.

Problem 312 A flexible shaft consists of a 0.20-in-diameter steel wire encased in a stationary tube that fits
closely enough to impose a frictional torque of 0.50 lb·in/in. Determine the maximum length of the shaft
if the shearing stress is not to exceed 20 ksi. What will be the angular deformation of one end relative to
the other end? G = 12 × 106 psi.

Problem 313 Determine the maximum torque that can be applied to a hollow circular steel shaft of 100-
mm outside diameter and an 80-mm inside diameter without exceeding a shearing stress of 60 MPa or a
twist of 0.5 deg/m. Use G = 83 GPa.

Problem 314 The steel shaft shown in Fig. P-314 rotates at 4 Hz with 35 kW taken off at A, 20 kW removed
at B, and 55 kW applied at C. Using G = 83 GPa, find the maximum shearing stress and the angle of rotation
of gear A relative to gear C.

Problem 316 A compound shaft consisting of a steel segment and an aluminum segment is acted upon by
two torques as shown in Fig. P-316. Determine the maximum permissible value of T subject to the
following conditions: τst = 83 MPa, τal = 55 MPa, and the angle of rotation of the free end is limited to 6°.
For steel, G = 83 GPa and for aluminum, G = 28 GPa.
Problem 318 A solid aluminum shaft 2 in. in diameter is subjected to two torques as shown in Fig. P318.
Determine the maximum shearing stress in each segment and the angle of rotation of the free end. Use
G = 4 × 106 psi.

Problem 321 A torque T is applied, as shown in Fig. P-321, to a solid shaft with built-in ends. Prove that
the resisting torques at the walls are T1 = Tb/L and T2 = Ta/L. How would these values be changed if the
shaft were hollow?

Problem 322 A solid steel shaft is loaded as shown in Fig. P-322. Using G = 83 GPa, determine the required
diameter of the shaft if the shearing stress is limited to 60 MPa and the angle of rotation at the free end
is not to exceed 4 deg.

Problem 323 A shaft composed of segments AC, CD, and DB is fastened to rigid supports and loaded as
shown in Fig. P-323. For bronze, G = 35 GPa; aluminum, G = 28 GPa, and for steel, G = 83 GPa. Determine
the maximum shearing stress developed in each segment.

Problem 324 The compound shaft shown in Fig. P-324 is attached to rigid supports. For the bronze
segment AB, the maximum shearing stress is limited to 8000 psi and for the steel segment BC, it is limited
to 12 ksi. Determine the diameters of each segment so that each material will be simultaneously stressed
to its permissible limit when a torque T = 12 kip·ft is applied. For bronze, G = 6 × 106 psi and for steel, G =
12 × 106

Problem 325 The two steel shaft shown in Fig. P-325, each with one end built into a rigid support have
flanges rigidly attached to their free ends. The shafts are to be bolted together at their flanges. However,
initially there is a 6° mismatch in the location of the bolt holes as shown in the figure. Determine the
maximum shearing stress in each shaft after the shafts are bolted together. Use G = 12 × 106 psi and
neglect deformations of the bolts and flanges.