SIMPLE STRESSES

Prepared by: Engr. Rommel T. Valmoria

TOPICS
▪ Normal Stresses
▪ Shearing Stress
▪ Bearing Stress
▪ Thin-Walled Pressure Vessel
WHAT IS STRESS?
▪ Stress – is the internal resistance offered by a
material to an external force.
▪ Formula:
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝑭 , 𝑵
𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝝈 =
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 , 𝒎𝟐
▪ Units:
Pascal (Pa) or
Newton per square meter (N/m²)
ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL FORCES
TYPES OF SIMPLE STRESSES
1. Tensile Stress – Stress that causes stretching of elongation.
2. Compressive Stress - Stress that causes compression or shortening.
3. Shear Stress - Stress that causes layers of material to slide past each other.
DETERMINE THE STRESS.
▪ Given:
Area for Bar 1 = 10 m²
Area for Bar 2 = 1000 m²
EXAMPLES
1. A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile load of
400 kN. Determine the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120
MN/m2.
2. A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as shown in
Fig. P-105. Calculate the smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90
MPa in bronze and 120 MPa in steel
106. The homogeneous bar shown in Fig. P-106 is supported by a smooth pin at C and a
cable that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the cable if
its diameter is 0.6 inch and the bar weighs 6000 lb.
SOLUTION
108. An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in
Fig. P-108. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum value
of P that will not exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90 MPa, or in
bronze of 100 MPa.
SOLUTION
 SHEAR STRESS
▪ Forces parallel to the area resisting the 𝑉
force cause shearing stress. It differs to 𝜏=
𝐴
tensile and compressive stresses, which
are caused by forces perpendicular to the Where: V is the resultant shearing force
area on which they act. Shearing stress is which passes through the centroid of the
also known as tangential stress.
area A being sheared
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
115. What force is required to punch a 20-
mm-diameter hole in a plate that is 25
mm thick? The shear strength is 350
MN/m2.
117. Find the smallest diameter bolt that
can be used in the clevis shown in Fig. 1- Solutions:
11b if P = 400 kN. The shearing strength
of the bolt is 300 MPa.
 BEARING STRESS
▪ Bearing stress is the contact pressure between the
separate bodies. It differs from compressive stress,
as it is an internal stress caused by compressive
forces.
𝑃𝑏
𝜎𝑏 =
𝐴𝑏
Where:
𝜎𝑏 = bearing stress
𝑃𝑏 = bearing force
𝐴𝑏 = bearing area
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS Solution:
125. In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter
rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm
wide. The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for
bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for
shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the
minimum thickness of each plate; and (b)
the largest average tensile stress in the
plates.
127. In the clevis shown in Fig. 1-11b, find the minimum bolt Solution:
diameter and the minimum thickness of each yoke that
will support a load P = 14 kips without exceeding a
shearing stress of 12 ksi and a bearing stress of 20 ksi.
THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
133. A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20
mm, is subjected to an internal pressure of 4.5 MN/m2. (a) Calculate the tangential
and longitudinal stresses in the steel. (b) To what value may the internal pressure
be increased if the stress in the steel is limited to 120 MN/m2? (c) If the internal
pressure were increased until the vessel burst, sketch the type of fracture that
would occur.
134. The wall thickness of a 4-ft-diameter
spherical tank is 5/16 inch. Calculate the
allowable internal pressure if the stress is
limited to 8000 psi.
ASSIGNMENT
 NORMAL STRESSES
109. Determine the largest weight W that can be
supported by two wires shown in Fig. P-109.
The stress in either wire is not to exceed 30
ksi. The cross-sectional areas of wires AB
and AC are 0.4 in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively.
110. A 12-inches square steel bearing plate lies
between an 8-inches diameter wooden post
and a concrete footing as shown in Fig. P-
110. Determine the maximum value of the
load P if the stress in wood is limited to 1800
psi and that in concrete to 650 psi.
111. For the truss shown in Fig. P-111, calculate the stresses in members CE, DE, and DF. The
cross-sectional area of each member is 1.8 in2. Indicate tension (T) or compression (C).
112. Determine the cross-sectional areas of
members AG, BC, and CE for the truss shown in Fig.
P-112. The stresses are not to exceed 20 ksi in tension
and 14 ksi in compression. A reduced stress in
compression is specified to reduce the danger of
buckling.
 SHEAR STRESS
118. A 200-mm-diameter pulley is prevented
from rotating relative to 60-mm-diameter
shaft by a 70-mm-long key, as shown in Fig.
P-118. If a torque T = 2.2 kN·m is applied to
the shaft, determine the width b if the
allowable shearing stress in the key is 60
MPa.
119. Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B
for the member supported as shown in Fig.
P-119. The pin diameter is 20 mm.
121. Referring to Fig. P-121, compute the
maximum force P that can be applied by the
machine operator, if the shearing stress in
the pin at B and the axial stress in the
control rod at C are limited to 4000 psi and
5000 psi, respectively. The diameters are
0.25 inch for the pin, and 0.5 inch for the
control rod. Assume single shear for the pin
at B.
122. Two blocks of wood, width w and thickness
t, are glued together along the joint inclined
at the angle θ as shown in Fig. P-122. Using
the free-body diagram concept in Fig. 1-4a,
show that the shearing stress on the glued
joint is τ = P sin 2θ / 2A, where A is the
cross-sectional area.
 BEARING STRESS
126. The lap joint shown in Fig. P-126 is fastened
by four ¾-in.-diameter rivets. Calculate the
maximum safe load P that can be applied if
the shearing stress in the rivets is limited to
14 ksi and the bearing stress in the plates is
limited to 18 ksi. Assume the applied load is
uniformly distributed among the four rivets.
128. A W18 × 86 beam is riveted to a W24 × 117
girder by a connection similar to that in Fig.
1-13. The diameter of the rivets is 7/8 in.,
and the angles are each L4 × 3-1/2 × 3/8 in..
For each rivet, assume that the allowable
stresses are τ = 15 ksi and σb = 32 ksi. Find
the allowable load on the connection.
129. A 7/8-in.-diameter bolt, having a diameter
at the root of the threads of 0.731 in., is used
to fasten two timbers together as shown in
Fig. P-129. The nut is tightened to cause a
tensile stress of 18 ksi in the bolt. Compute
the shearing stress in the head of the bolt
and in the threads. Also, determine the
outside diameter of the washers if their
inside diameter is 9/8 in. and the bearing
stress is limited to 800 psi.
 THIN-WALLED PRESSURE
VESSELS
135. Calculate the minimum wall thickness for a cylindrical vessel that is to carry a gas at a
pressure of 1400 psi. The diameter of the vessel is 2 ft, and the stress is limited to 12 ksi.

136. A cylindrical pressure vessel is fabricated from steel plating that has a thickness of 20
mm. The diameter of the pressure vessel is 450 mm and its length is 2.0 m. Determine the
maximum internal pressure that can be applied if the longitudinal stress is limited to 140
MPa, and the circumferential stress is limited to 60 Mpa.
137. A water tank, 22 ft in diameter, is made from steel plates that are 1/2 in. thick. Find
the maximum height to which the tank may be filled if the circumferential stress is
limited to 6000 psi. The specific weight of water is 62.4 lb/ft3.

138. The strength of longitudinal joint in Fig. 1-17 is 33 kips/ft, whereas for the girth is
16 kips/ft. Calculate the maximum diameter of the cylinder tank if the internal
pressure is 150 psi.
THANK YOU!