Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

UNDERCURRENTS AND PAVEMENT: AN EXPLORATION OF DAGOCDOC

TANDAG CITY`S SIDEWALK FISH VENDORS
A Qualitative Research Paper
to be Presented to
the Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Tandag National Science High School
Tandag City

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 1
John Louie L. Pico
Allyssa Joyce M. Suazo
Kian Danielle L. Quimson
Jovy B. Palotes
Angel Lee L. Arim
Jeffrey Lapening
Marife G. Laro
Gwen Christalyn H. Padilla
Jimmy A. Pahamutang
Adriel F. Aquiatan
Alex T. Esparagoza

MARY MAY B. GUBATON, MAELT (CAR)

Research Adviser

March 2024
Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

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Introduction

In the Philippines, fish vending is a common source of living because the

country is surrounded by water, making fishing a big industry there. Many people rely

on fishing and selling fish to make a living. It’s a way for them to provide for their

families and community. Plus, with the abundance of fresh seafood available, it’s a

natural choice for many to work in the fish vending living. Although, Fish Vendors

faced common problems and struggles while navigating their daily lives including

absence of constant and secure vending area, they frequently encounter challenges

associated to their space appropriation. And one of the common problems they

commonly facing, is the competition. Where it is the critical driver of a performance

and innovation. It benefits everyone by enabling us to choose from an array of

excellent products at affordable prices. Competition also encourages the adoption of

innovation to make businesses evolve in the market place (Palmes, 2020).

Everywhere, sidewalk fish vending is no exception, as many vendors have set

up their business and continue to thrive through the years. However, despite their

success, these vendors still face challenges that affect their profitability. Most of

these vendors started small, with little investment and gradually grew their business.

Some borrowed money from the bank to use as an investment to sell fish. Others

began their business on a simple pallet, while some with a lot of investment opted to

rent a tall in the public market. These differences in investment have an impact on

their profitability, but it is not the only factor that affects their success (Bermas et. al.,

2023).
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Most of Fish vendors firmly believe that starting as a street vendor requires a lot of

capital and a high mental strength level. Besides being prepared to bet not selling for

months, they also have to face various official pressures, such as bureaucracy,

thugs, or regular cleaning from related parties. As a career in the informal sector,

street vendors often take this severe risk (Nurany, 2021). And lastly, regarding

market pricing of fish is determined by freshness, species and availability of fish in

the market. Thus much emphasis should be given for marketing of fish to reduce

spoilage. Fish marketing is crucial for achieving the target efficient production system

and consumer satisfaction. Growth of fish production and development of fisheries

sector depends largely on an efficient marketing system (Sindu, Sravanthi, Ali baba,

2022).

There are some hardship of these fish vendors where they are forbidden to

sell in Dagocdoc sidewalk crossroads. Wherein accordance of Local Government

Unit (LGU) of Tandag City compelling the following justifications; it can cause a

heavy traffic; and apparently, the selling of fish must be in designated public market

(Luha Public Market). By that prohibition, they are forced to undergo impoundment of

their fishes and items, especially if they are warned in second or third attempts.

In due proper negotiation and through this study, an adherence is possible

with the LGU of Tandag City. Enabling these fish vendors to be assisted and

neutralized to their respective proper placement. Not to backhand with ordinance for

both accountabilities and rights of these fish vendors. Since fish vending is a body of

small business sector, they encompasses cycle derive of known living such from

production supply to marketing rollout. Lastly, we will delve into the challenges of fish
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vendors. Such as proper vending areas, disasters occurrence, business strategy and

daily live experiences.

Theoretical Framework

This study accompanied an alignment of such related theories regarding

economic factor theory claiming to have broad perceptions. One of the theories is

the Economic Impact Theory.

The economic impact theory examines how various factors, such as

businesses, industries, and events, affect the overall economy. It originated from

Marxism, consisting of two related ideas, a theory of history, and an economic and

political program (Britannica).

The correspondence of this theory is through vendor's contributing to the local

economy by creating job opportunities, both for themselves and potentially for others

if they expand their business. They generate income through the sale of fish, which

can support their own livelihoods and potentially benefit local suppliers, such as

fishermen.

Another theoretical alignment is the Permitting Regulations

Theory. Permitting regulations theory is all about how government rules and permits

affect economic activities. It looks at how regulations and permits can shape the way

businesses operate. These permits often ensure to meet health and safety

standards, maintain cleanliness, and follow specific guidelines.

Permitting regulations theory is directly related to sidewalk fish vendors

because they need to follow certain rules and obtain permits to operate legally. By

obtaining permits, sidewalk fish vendors show that they are committed to providing

safe and high-quality products to their customers.

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The last theoretical alignment is the Competition and Market Saturation

Theory. It is an economic theory that examines the relationship between competition

and market dynamics. It suggests that as a market becomes saturated with

competitors, the intensity of competition increases, leading to potential changes in

pricing, product differentiation, and market strategies.

Imagine there are several fish vendors operating on the same sidewalk. As

more vendors enter the market, competition increases. This can lead to lower prices

as vendors try to attract customers. This theory helps us understand how

competition among sidewalk fish vendors can influence their pricing strategies and

the ways they try to stand out from the crowd.

Therefore, these provided theories like Economic Impact Theory and also the

two more had offered insights into how the economy works and how it might respond

to changes in policy or other factors. We, the researchers, after reviewing the

theory's theoretical and empirical underpinnings, it is determined that, despite its

promise, the theory still needs additional analytical work and novel types of empirical

research before it can be acknowledged as a sufficient positive theory of regulation.

Conceptual Framework
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The struggles of every sidewalk A phenomenological study of

Fish vendors Sidewalk fish vendors

Figure 1

Schematic Diagram of the Study

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The schematic diagram illustrates variables standing in the study. The first box

shows that the independent variable is the struggles of every sidewalk fish vendor

while, the dependent variable is a phenomenological study of sidewalk fish vendors.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the lived experiences and challenges of

sidewalk fish vendors in Dagocdoc, Tandag City, it will seek to answer the following

questions:

1. What are the challenges faced by sidewalk fish vendors?

2. What are their ways in overcoming those challenges?

3. How do these challenges affect their daily living?

Scope and limitation of the Study

This study will focus to the challenges and experiences of Sidewalk fish

vendors while navigating daily problem and struggles. The interview will be

conducted in due proper, prioritizing the negotiation with the authorities. Throughout

the conduct of the interview, we assume a gathered data right exactly from the

participant. This research study will be conducted in Dagocdoc, Tandag City in the

month of April.

Significance of the Study

After we will gather the results of this research study, we have to consider and

recognize the groups or individual that might benefit our study. The following are:
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Local Government Unit (LGU). Through this study, since it corresponds

within the Tandag City Local Government Unit. It will serve as guide for them to

improve where the area they should be focusing in terms of ordinances, programs

and regulation rollout especially for these sidewalk fish vendors.

Community. Through this study, not only these fish vendors can benefit but

also the local customers for them to furthermore understand what actions they

should do and avoid towards these fish vendors if ever they would buy.

Vendors. Through this study, every vendor can benefit from this study by

gaining valuable insights and information that can help develop their strategies and

decision-making process. It can also cater them to understand to be able to avoid

certain ordinances they might attempt offenses in terms of vending.

Future Researchers. For the next set of researcher students. It can benefit

them with their study in finding reliable source if ever they will think the same or

related topic that we had.

Definition of Terms.

The researchers provide some definitions for better understanding of the

terms used in the study; the following words were defined conceptually:

Pavement. It refers to the agony or problems of every sidewalk fish vendor.

Sidewalk. It refers to the area where fish vendors are selling.

Undercurrents. It refers to the hidden thoughts and feelings of these fish

vendors.
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Fish vendors. It refers to the persons who perform services or offering

something for sale in a fish market.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a thematic of these literatures and studies in line

relevantly or has similarities with our study. We the researchers, undergoes an in-

depth review and extraction in order to understand clearly the contents. Afterwards,

synthesis are concluded.

Fish Vendors in Policy Formulation and Implementation

Like in any other industry, fish dealers take part in a variety of the

Arrangement. They also have their own groups where they share their happiness,

feelings, and Issues and additional worries. They were essential to the organization,

serving as either a Participant or coordinator. The major city and regional hub in the

Philippines’ Eastern Visayas region is Tacloban. It serves as Leyte’s capital as well. It

is well-known for its historical sites and wide range of goods found around the city.

Food is widely available at the market, including fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish.

Selling fish is a common practice in any type of wet market.

Fish vendors would have more influence as an organization if they took part in

the creation and execution of market policies. It has an effect on revenue, services

provided to clients, meeting vendor and customer needs, and ensuring that fish sold

is in good condition. Participation consists of showing up to meetings, offering advice

on topics pertaining to the market, and following the rules as a means of discipline. It

is well known that the local government acknowledges fish merchants and views
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them as integral components of the system. Fish dealers are able to band together

to defend their industry and show its significant economic importance because to

their means of subsistence. However, the organization’s goal is to guarantee

participation in public governance, not to create an army or provide armed security

(Abia et. Al., 2019).

Policy Instruments of Street Vendor Relocation

One viable and in-demand informal sector job among the urban immigrant

community is being a street vendor. Nonetheless, the majority of them are adamant

that starting out as a street seller necessitates having a large amount of money and

mental toughness. They have to deal with a variety of governmental demands,

including bureaucracy, bullies, or regular cleaning from linked parties, in addition to

being ready to wager that they won’t sell for months. In large cities, the daily

phenomena of managing street sellers persists; in most cases, we come across

news reports or see images of such incidents.

Street vendors frequently assume this significant danger as part of their

informal industry work. The phrase “control” invariably includes an exhortation to

keep street sellers away from their regular selling locations. The public order of the

populace and the discomfort of traffic-related road activities are the primary causes.

This is typical. Because a lot of street sellers annoy these areas by setting up shop

on the sidewalk or the side of the road. This also holds true for Bulak District’s street

vendor issue. The Bulak region is coastal. The kinds of street sellers lining the route

close to the Marine fish traders process fish and operate Kenjeran Amusement Park

and Batu-Batu Beach in Bulak District. Their main products include fish that has
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been smoked, fresh, or dried; they also have dozens of dongkupang, fish feed, fish

crafts, processed crackers, and coffee shop stalls. There are currently about 85

street vendors in existence. In the morning, traders frequently smoke fish and In the

afternoon, exchange food. Only in the morning, while the fish is still fresh, do fresh

fish vendors sell (Nurany, 2021).

The Challenges Faced by Fish Vendors

In many nations, the fish industry is a significant industry that plays a crucial

part in the economy and offering many people a significant means of subsistence.

This composition examines the prospects and difficulties facing the seafood industry

while highlighting the sustainable methods are essential for long-term success. The

fishing industry presents a multitude of prospects for both business owners and local

communities. There is a sizable market for fish goods due to the rising demand for

seafood worldwide. Vendors of fish can take advantage of this demand and use it to

boost the economy and make money. Furthermore, the distribution of fish products

has been made easier by developments in transportation and technology, which

have expanded market reach and increased revenue potential for firms.

Notwithstanding the potential, the fishing industry faces a number of obstacles that

call for cautious maneuvering.

Additionally, pricing instability, shifting consumer preferences, and market

competitiveness are common challenges faced by the fishery industry. Due to these

considerations, vendors must innovate and adapt in order to fulfill changing customer

demands and remain competitive. Furthermore, bad infrastructure can create

logistical issues that affect the timely and high-quality distribution of fish products.
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Examples of these issues include inadequate storage facilities and unreliable

transportation networks. There are plenty of chances for livelihoods and economic

progress in the seafood industry. But it is critical to address the issues it faces,

especially those related to sustainability and ethical behavior. Through the

implementation of sustainable fishing practices, the provision of adequate

infrastructure, and the fulfillment of market demands, fisheries can improve their

financial success while aiding in the protection of maritime environments (Bermas et.

Al., 2023).

The Engagement of Women Fish vendor

Women make up a sizable portion of the fish vendor population; they support

the local economy by purchasing fish from fishermen and reselling it in markets.

Women fish merchants in Tamil Nadu confront many obstacles despite playing a

crucial role in the fishing business, such as discrimination, low pay, no social

protection, and unfavorable working circumstances. Their families’ well-being and

means of subsistence are severely impacted by these difficulties. The predicament of

female fish dealers has not received much attention, despite the government’s

implementation of numerous programs and laws aimed at fostering the fishing

sector. They have been marginalized and excluded from the group as a result of the

disregard for their needs and concerns. Advantages of progress. Research that

clarifies the circumstances surrounding women fish vendors and suggests potential

solutions to deal with their difficulties is thus necessary (Rajeswari, 2023).

Business Strategies of Fish Vendors

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The Philippines is the epicenter of the world’s marine biodiversity and has an

abundance of natural resources. In addition to fisheries resources and highly

precious minerals, it is home to a variety of marine resources that support a million

Filipinos through food and livelihood. Due to consumer and community demand, a

large number of fish vendors are selling the Philippines’ natural resources, such as

fisheries and valuable minerals, on the wet market. Many fish vendors get into this

type of company because they have seen that natural resources can be a source of

wealth and income, but they are also doing it to make money. There is a lot of rivalry

in this setting or at work, which is why strategies are important and relevant to draw

in clients and win their loyalty. There may be some room for rivalry in a public market

with so many enterprises. The main force behind performance and creativity is

competition. It helps all of us by giving us access to a wide selection of top-notch

goods at reasonable costs. The adoption of innovation to drive corporate evolution in

the marketplace is also facilitated by competition. The busiest area of the public

market is the wet portion, where seafood dealers set up their own displays to attract

clients. It’s possible that there is actual competition. Researchers started to wonder

how fish vendors, despite the similarity of their products, manage their businesses

through unique approaches (Palmes, 2020).

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Of Fish Handlers

Given how easily fish and fish products can become contaminated, food

safety is essential and ought to be given top priority. Unhygienic handling of fish and

fish products is one of the safety hazards associated with them. Inadequate

processing, inadequate refrigeration, and shoddy packaging. Fish and fish products

suffer from spoiling losses when fish safety precautions are not followed. Physical
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losses, loss of nutritional value, and financial losses are all consequences of

improper fish handling. Furthermore, a lack of proper safety protocols while handling

fish and fish products leads to the reprocessing of significant amounts of fish into

various animal feeds rather than making them available for human consumption.

Food security and safety are so greatly impacted by fish safety. Comprehending the

knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of vendors is crucial for developing new policies

that guarantee fish safety across the fish supply chain. This can be accomplished by

producing sufficient data that can be utilized to model interventions that ensure the

safety of fish and fisheries products (Kyule et. al., 2023).

Expounding on the understanding of food handling in particular, high levels of

Food handlers must be knowledgeable about food safety, and applying this

knowledge

Efficiently into practice is essential to guaranteeing the production of safe food in any

food establishment. The cognitive-consistency theory, different learning and

functional theories, and social judgment theories all contribute to the explanation of

knowledge.

Utilizing knowledge, perception, and application. An individual’s attitude

encompasses assessments linked to their cognitive processes. Feel and act in

relation to any particular occurrence. If food preparation tools and equipment are not

properly cleaned, they can directly contaminate food in addition to food handler

hands (Letuka, Nkhebenyane, Thekisoe 2021).

Climate and Disaster vulnerability to Sidewalk Vendors

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Street food vendors are particularly susceptible to climate-related disasters

including flooding, typhoons, and drought. These risks associated with climate

change have a significant impact on the agricultural industry and, by extension, on

people who work in the unorganized food sector. Because of this, street food

vendors are economically displaced and run the risk of becoming impoverished

permanently or temporarily. Achieving sustainable development is hampered by the

massive costs of disasters that have already been brought about by the growing

frequency and severity of climatic hazards. This is important because disasters

linked to climate change are becoming more localized phenomena.

In the past, typhoons and both the formal and informal business sectors have

been impacted by flooding. Even though the unofficial food industry is still growing

and serving a variety of populations throughout the world, and aiding in the fight

against poverty, it is being threatened by typhoons, which are occurring more

frequently and with greater severity. Additionally, it is frequently ignored and excluded

from the formulation of policy. Understanding the reasons behind their decision to

stay in the unorganized sector and how they manage the intensifying consequences

of climate change-related risks is essential for the government to support this sector.

Educate and assist in minimizing vulnerability in interventions and policies. By

incorporating sectoral methods and perspectives, the government could reduce or

eliminate opposition and implementation risk interventions that are “maladaptive”

(Hidalgo, Cuesta, Rafazindrabe, 2022).

Informal Sidewalk Fish Vending

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Cities function largely through forms of informality, like unofficial street vending

has emerged as one of the most prevalent types of informal urbanism, especially in

the global South where it employs a significant portion of the labor force. The need to

address social, political, and economic inequality has spurred interest in studying the

dynamics of informal street vending during the past ten years. It has also been

crucial to comprehend street vending as one of the most pervasive types of

informality in regard to the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those that

deal with eradicating all forms of poverty, promoting gender equality, and economic

growth, the empowerment of women, the reduction of social, political, and economic

inequality, and the creation of inclusive and resilient cities (Peimani, Kamalipour,

2022).

Officials still struggle with how to address formality, which is seen as the

opposite of modernity, although vital to the urban poor’s ability to survive. The study

of poverty and livelihood studies has lost ground in academia in favor of the idea of

informality as a prism through which to see modern processes and politics at the size

of an urban area. The “mobile, space-bound, predominantly urban practice” of street

vending occurs on sidewalks, parks, crosswalks, vacant lots, and privately owned

areas like outdoor retail centers. Because of this, public areas, and streets in

particular, are vital sources of revenue for vendors and raises the matter of what

occurs when someone’s ability to enter a public area is jeopardized. There is a rising

worry that policies that restrict street vendors’ access to public space, particularly in

core city areas, are being adopted as a result of the neoliberal goal of favoring

private capital and modernist ideas of clean, functional, and organized cities.

Numerous governments have made an effort to restrict or outlaw the actions of street
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vendors. Because of this, street sellers work in a very visible and competitive space

(Adama, 2019).

Marketing Competition of Vendors

Typically, these platform merchants purchase goods in bulk from producers

and then resell them to customers. First-party items are what these products are

known as. Platform vendors also serve as middlemen, enabling third-party sellers to

sell goods that is, third-party products directly to customers in an effort to increase

the size of the market and the number of users. However, third-party sellers create

competition and cannibalize the sales of the first-party products, particularly when

they provide products that are identical to those of the platforms’ first-party products.

E-commerce platform providers have embraced promotional strategies on a large

scale as a result of the growing rivalry. The platform vendor places some products at

a higher or lower price than usual and then gives customers access to discount

coupons through live shows and online shopping games.

Actually, a platform vendor’s marketing approach encourages both platform

users to make more purchases and non-users to buy the product, which may raise

demand for the vendor’s first-party goods. However, the net profit per product and

the commission income from the third-party products are also decreased by the

advertising of the first-party products. If there is a significant market growth effect or

a sizable percentage of price-sensitive consumers, the platform vendor and the third-

party seller stand to gain from the platform’s adoption of the promotional strategy

when the latter chooses to market its items. The platform and the third-party seller

are less likely to adopt (or not adopt) the promotional strategies simultaneously after
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endogenizing the seller’s decision to promote, with a stronger market expansion

effect. The likelihood of only one of them promoting their product and the other not is

higher ( Feng, Cheng, Feng, Li, 2021)

Sidewalk Vending Regulations

A licensing system and a permission system differ primarily in that whereas a

permission system controls the location of the activity, a licensing system governs

the ability to carry out the activity. Street vendors are prohibited from operating

without a license in several cities due to bylaws requiring them to obtain one. Many

local authorities use this technique to clearly state that they intend to regulate the

number of street sellers by restricting the quantity of licenses granted. Since the

legal framework forbids vending without a license and the policy framework places a

cap on the number of licenses that can be obtained, authorities are able to

selectively enforce the bylaw when it is politically advantageous to remove vendors

through fines or arrests and to loosen enforcement when it is advantageous to let

them continue operating.

In cities today, these behaviors are thoroughly documented, as are the policies

and political alliances that support them. Policies intended to prevent street sellers

from entering specific public areas are more closely associated with the dominant

paradigms of urban government than are licensing schemes. Regulations

themselves often contain enforcement mechanisms that permit potential penalties

such as fines and item seizures, license cancellations, and even arrests. The

revenue, output, and assets of street sellers are significantly impacted by these

provisions. Remarkably, legal objections to the seizure of goods have started to

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surface. Despite the widespread belief that street vendors do not pay any taxes,

regulatory frameworks frequently combine taxes, levies, and fees. Since their

earnings are below the income tax level, low-income street vendors rarely pay

income tax; nonetheless, many of them pay value added tax (VAT) on the goods they

buy, leaving them unable to pass the expense of VAT on to customers (Roever,

2020).

Synthesis

The engagement of the group of fish vendors accompanying within them

playing a significant vital role. Through their sharing of thoughts and feelings and

offering a helping hand with each other since they’re just in the same field and

standing. Applying policy effectively that will rule of a good foundation for the

betterment. Their group or organization seeks support right from the LGU for further

security and protection for the industry. It includes the secure vending areas,

especially from sidewalk that has to undergo multiple transparency avoiding

relocation. It is a common catastrophe of every vendors are; the rivalry from

attracting costume; a competition in strategy in terms of marketing despite the

similarities of fish products and its price range, as well as the disaster affecting it.

However, it’s a natural for vending where there’s fortunate and unfortunate.

As a small unit of economy or what we called, micro-business who undergoes

licensing, taxation and spatial regulation, it’s a big factor affecting their living as it just

burdens vendor’s responsibilities. It’s a responsibility of fish vendor by seminaries

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and practices. Furthermore, the interaction with costumers is under accountability

and responsibility. Due to the disaster implications, the production and demand is

affected that leads to high price kicked rollout. For a reason that their living is

unstable and sometimes, must experience difficulties for sustainability. These

unexpected disaster and calamities is a big factor affecting the living of Fish vendors

because they probably rely on selling fish especially without alternative ways. It’s

crucial for them a preparedness in times of these disasters and calamities.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter carries the discussion of the research methods that were

enwrapped in the study. It composed of research design, research locale, subject of

the study and collections of samples.

Research Design

We will use a qualitative design using a phenomenological approach. This

approach is all about understanding how people experience things without making

assumptions or interpretations. It’s about describing those experiences as accurately

as possible from the individual’s perspective, without adding any extra meaning or

theories. It engages methods of data collection by conducting interviews, taking

notes, recording actions through observations. The gathered information will be

primarily used focusing on the daily lives of a sidewalk fish vendors. In this research
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design, we will ask the sidewalk fish vendors about their daily live experiences in

vending.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted on the month of April 2024 in Purok Pag-asa,

Dagocdoc, Tandag City, Surigao Del Sur, since our research study is all about

Dagocdoc, Tandag City’s sidewalk fish vendors and our participants lives in the said

location. The red landmark are the exact place where sidewalk fish vendors are

located. However, the conduct of interview may be varied depending on participant’s

preferred venue.
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Figure 2.
Map of Baranggay Dagocdoc

Research Participants

The participants of the study are the fish vendors of Dagocdoc, Tandag City.

Among them, we will choose 5 participants as we will base our participants in 3

specific criteria to relate the details of this study and support its effectiveness. (1)

The participants must be a fish vendor that are currently and regularly vending in

Dagocdog, Tandag City. (2) The fish vendors must be 30 years old of age and above.

(3) The fish vendors must be raising a child/children that is currently learning in a

school. This type of sampling is known as purposively intended sampling where the

participants must meet the said criteria.

Research Instrument Used

In order for us to collect answers to the statement of the problem, we will be

using a semi-structured interview guide. The interview guide is consisting of common

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

questions about the daily lived experiences and challenges faced by sidewalk fish

vendors. Questions will be validated by the experts. It will be asked during the

conduct of one-on-one interview with the participants.

Validation of the Instrument

Interview guide validation is significant for our instrument as it will be totally

made by us. The expert validators in qualitative researches particularly in

phenomenological approach will validate it as to their content and face validity. The

panelists will also serve as validators. There will be recommendations, suggestions,

and corrections that we will use in our revision part. This validation will undergo an

expertise from first and final corrections.

Sampling Procedure

In this study, we will use sampling procedure technique. Through this

technique in a form of non-probability; judgemental or purposive sampling since the

participant selection is based on the criteria that the researchers has provided. It is

intentionally selection technique of participants by predetermined researchers.

Data Gathering Procedure

In order to document the needed data for the research, we will utilize the

following procedures:

Permission. In order for us to conduct interview for this study, we will request

a permission through formal consent, typically from the Principal of Tandag National

Science High School, the Barangay captain of Dagocdoc, Tandag City. After

acquiring consents, we will directly request a consent, informing the participants

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

about the purpose of our research, and how their information will be use. If the

participants meet our criteria, we will ask for their consent or permission for an

interview about their challenges and experiences being a sidewalk fish vendor.

Informed Written Consent. We the researchers, will inquire a formal

agreement to the participants to participate in the study. The participants are going to

sign a consent form articulating an agreement in participating the study. Informative

written consent will be given.

In-depth Interview. The interview with the participants will be a one-on-one

interview. We will choose location that is an accordance on the convenience of the

participant. Good conversational approach will be used during interview to get

thorough information around the topic. We will address terms of confidentiality and

purpose of the study. The participants are allowed to ask questions.

Recording and Transcription. We the researchers, will be filming as well as

recording the participant’s responses using a mobile phone recording application.

During the transcription, participant’s ideas will be emphasized.

Fieldwork. We will visit the participant’s residence. Afterwards, we will

conduct and interview.

Data Analysis

We will apply colaizzi’s method in analyzing the data that will be gathered in

the study. It is often used in the interpretation of qualitative researches, particularly,

in phenomenological approach. This method will be used since it is an aid to identify

significant information and arrange them into themes and categories. The seven
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

steps of this method are strictly going to be followed: We will write down all the

subject descriptions, get the important statements, formulate meanings from their

statements, construct theme from it, develop comprehensive description, identify the

fundamental structure of the findings, and return to the participants for validation,

respectively.

Ethical Considerations

This study will be impartially designed to guarantee an accountable approach

from the stages of data gathering through analysis. The study takes a methodical

approach while keeping the participants’ safety in mind. By all means, a letter of

approval and an interview guide questionnaire will be provided both before and after

data collection. When recording video, audio, and taking pictures, the participants’

comfort will be taken into account. Additionally, participants are free to leave the

study whenever they want if they so choose.

Ensuring that the data provided cannot be used to identify anyone other than

the researchers. During the interview, it is necessary to get rid of any insulting,

discriminatory, or otherwise inappropriate language. The confidentiality and

anonymity of the participant will be protected. False information of any kind must be

avoided.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

References

Abia C., Asis J., Barrantes H., bollosa g., Cabidog e., Cajefe P., Calites S., & Dacurro R.
(2019). The participation of fish vendors in policy formulation and implementation in tacloban
city wet market. Academia.Edu Publishing, 2-5. Retrieve from https://www.academia.edu/
Nurany, F. (2021). The policy instruments of street vendor relocation in surabaya bulak fish
center. DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 19, 1-2, doi: https://doi.org/10.30996/dia.v19i1.4800
Bermas, C. C., Canuto E. M., Centillas, D. B., Orante, J. S., & Peña, C. E. (2023).
Understanding the challenges faced by fish vendors in Iriga city public market. Journal of
Management Studies and Development, 2, 162-173, doi:
https://doi.org/10.56741/jmsd.v2i02.331
Rajeswari, M. (2023). The plight of women fish vendors in tamil nadu: Challenges and
solutions. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture
Management, and Sharia Administration, 3, 2-3, doi: https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v3i4.974
Palmes, I. (2020). Unveiling business strategies of fish vendors in public markets. Retrieve
from https://www.scribd.com/document/486762048/FISH-VENDORS-CHPTR-1-5-
PREFINAL-doc
Kyule, D. N., Mburu, S. W., Munguti, J. M., Obiero, K. O., Abwao, J. O., Ndegwa, D., Outa,
N., & Ogello, E. (2024). Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of fish handlers in
Kirinyaga County Markets, Kenya. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and
Development, 23, 3, doi: https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.125.23850
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

Letuka, P., Nkhebenyane, J. & Thekisoe, O. (2021). Street food handlers’ food safety
knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices and consumers’ perceptions about street
food vending in Maseru, Lesotho. British Food Journal, 123, 302-316, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-07-2020-0595
Hidalgo A. H., Cuesta M. A., & Bam H.N. Razafindrabe B. H.N. (2022). Street vendors’
livelihood vulnerability to typhoons in naga city, philippines. Philippine Journal of Science,
doi: https://doi.org/10.56899/151.6A.11
Peimani, N., Kamalipour, H. (2022). Informal street vending: a systematic review. Land
Journal. 11, 829, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/land11060829
Adama, O. (2019). Abuja is not for the poor: Street vending and the politics of public space.
Geoforum Journal. 109, 14-23, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.12.012
Feng, N., Chen, J., Feng H., Li, M. (2021). Promotional pricing strategies for platform
vendors: Competition between first- and third-party products. Decision Support System. 151,
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2021.113627
Roever, S. (2020). Street vendors and regulations. Taylor and Francis Group. 6. Retrieve
from https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9780429200724-30/street-
vendors-regulations-sally-roever

Interview Guide Questions

UNDERCURRENTS AND PAVEMENT: AN EXPLORATION OF DAGOCDOC,

TANDAG CITY’S SIDEWALK FISH VENDOR

Good day!

(Maayong adlaw!)

We are student-researchers from Tandag National Science High School and we

are having an interview for our research. Our research is a phenomenological study

on the daily live experiences of a sidewalk fish vendors. We are informing you that

this research intends to know the life experiences and challenges of a sidewalk fish

vendors.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

(Mga estudyante-researcher kami gikan sa Tandag National Science High

School ug yaoy amo isa ka interbyu para sa amo research. Ang amo research isa ka

phenomenological nga pagtuon sa mga hagit o kalisud sa pang adlaw adlaw na

panginabuhi sa isa ka mamaligyaay ng isda. Kami yagpahibawo na ini na research

nagtinguha nga mahibaw-an ang mga hagit of kalisud sa isa ka mamaligyaay ng

isda.)

Whatever your answers or responses be, we will not condemn or comment

toward those responses. Feel free to respond in your preferred dialect/language, as

long as you’ll be comfortable. If you may, please respond honestly. We would like to

inform you that we will take a video and voice recorder for us to be able to catch and

avoid misinterpretation from your responses.

(Bisan unoy iyu mga tubag ug ilaung, dili gayud kami manaway o mubatbat.

Pwede kaw mutubag sa bisan uno na inisturyahan na basta kay komportable kaw.

Kung pwede, mamalihog kami saimong matinud’anon na tubag. Kami buot

magpahibawo na mag video kami og amo i-record ang imo mga tubag para kami

makasabot gayud ng klaro ug malikayan ang sayop sa pagsabot sa kung unoy

gayud imo buot ipanlaung.)

Thank you so much for your enough time and efforts to fullfil our request.

(Daghang salamat sa imong ihatag nga igong oras og pakigkugi sa among

kahangyoan.)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

Interview Guide Questions

UNDERCURRENTS AND PAVEMENTS: AN EXPLORATION OF DAGOCDOC,

TANDAG CITY`S SIDEWALK FISH VENDOR

Direction: Please answer the following questions honestly. The data to be gathered

will remain confidential.

I. CHALLENGES FACED BY SIDEWALK FISH VENDOR

1. What are the challenges that you experienced to sustain daily needs as

well as in raising a child/children, especially, if it is currently learning in

a school?
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

(Unoy mga hagit/kalisud na imo gisagubang para makasustento sa

pang-adlaw-adlaw na panginahanglan og sa pagbuhi sa imo anak

hilabina kung ga skwela?)

2. What are the challenges that you experienced whenever your fish

products hasn’t been sold yet?

(Unoy mga hagit/kalisud na imo gisagubang kung ang imo mga isda

wara mangahalin?)

3. What are the challenges that you experienced in terms of competition

with other fish vendors in order to urge customers?

(Unoy mga hagit/kalisud na imo gisagubang sa ngan na may

kakompetensya na lain mamaligyaay ng isda na para lamang

makadani kaw ng customer?)

II. THEIR WAYS IN OVERCOMING THOSE CHALLENGES

1. How did you sustain daily needs just by relying on your earnings from

selling fish product?

(Paga-uno nimo pag sustento ang pang-adlaw-adlaw na

panginahanglan na kung magdepende da kaw lamang sa halin sa

pagpamaligya ng isda?)

2. What alternatives you tried to have another way of source of income?

(Unoy lain mga pamaagi na imo gitistingan para lamang may imo lahi

pasab na source of income?)

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
TANDAG NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Tabon-tabon, Quezon, Tandag City

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES STRAND

3. What is your strategies to urge and attract customers so they will buy

directly from you?

(Unoy imo mga diskarte para makahagit og makadani kaw ng

customer para sila diretso mupalit saimo?)

III. CHALLENGES AFFECT THEIR DAILY LIVING

1. What is your motivation in terms of selling despite of those challenges?

(Unoy butang na magadasig saimo luyo sa yadtu na mga

hagit/kalisud?)

2. How does this unexpected weather season affect your daily living?

(Unoy epekto sa iyo pang-adlaw-adlaw na panginabuhing ining mga

wara nato damha na tempo sa panahon?)

3. How does the LGU’s ordinance prohibition of the selling on the

sidewalk of Dagocdoc affect your daily living?

(Unoy epekto sa iyo pang-adlaw-adlaw na panginabuhi ang ordinansya

ng LGU sa pagbawal sa pagbaligya sa kilid-karsada ng Dagocdoc?