Department of Education

National Capital Region

10 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE

MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 7
The Occurrence of Evolution

Lorita A. Domingo

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 What I Need to Know

The purpose of this module is to help you understand the occurrence of

evolution. The module has one lesson:
 Lesson- The Occurrence of Evolution

After going through this module, you are expected to explain the occurrence
of evolution. S10LT-IIIg-40
Specifically, you are expected to:
● explain the occurrence of evolution according to Lamarck’s and Darwin’s ideas; and
● explain the occurrence of evolution by comparing the ideas of Lamarck and
Darwin.

What I Know

Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which process describes the population change over time?

A. Adaptation C. Natural Selection
B. Evolution D. Reproduction

2. Who among the list was responsible for formulating the Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection?
A. Charles Darwin C. Gregor Mendel
B. Erasmus Darwin D. Jean Baptist Lamarck

3. Who proposed the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics?

A. Charles Darwin C. Gregor Mendel
B. Erasmus Darwin D. Jean Baptist Lamarck

4. Which aspect of Lamarck’s theory is incorrect?

A. Evolution works at the population level.
B. New species evolved from previous species.
C. Acquired traits are inherited.
D. DNA is the mechanism for inheritance.
5. Why is Lamarck considered an influential person in the field of evolution?
A. He was the first to try to explain how new species evolve.
B. He considered DNA as the mechanism of inheritance.
C. He cut the tail of mice to demonstrate acquired characteristics.
D. He bred giraffes to have long necks.

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6. Which statement BEST explains the Theory of Natural Selection?
A. Organisms develop desirable structures to survive in a given environment.
B. Organs that are not used may disappear, while organs that are constantly
used may develop.
C. In nature, the organism with desirable characteristics may survive, while
those with weaker traits may not.
D. Acquired characteristics of parents can be passed onto offspring.

7. When did Charles Darwin formulate his ideas concerning the causes of
evolution?
A. When he was a student at Cambridge University.
B. Before he began his voyage of exploration around the world on HMS Beagle.
C. During his voyage on HMS Beagle especially after he reached the Galapagos
Island.
D. When he published his book On the Origin of Species.

8.What will happen to a population of species if they cannot adapt to the

environmental changes?
A. Becomes stronger
B. Becomes extinct
C. Changes into another species
D. Changes their structure to survive

9. Which statement is NOT TRUE about Darwin?

A. Darwin wrote the book Origin of Species by Natural Selection
B. Darwin observed variations within the organisms in the Galapagos Islands.
C. Darwin proposed Natural Selection as the mechanism for species change
over time.
D. Darwin used DNA evidence to support the process of Natural Selection.

10. Which is the major concept included in Lamarck’s theory of evolution?

A. Artificial selection is the basis for evolution.
B. Population size decreases the rate of evolution.
C. Body structure can change according to the action of the organism.
D. Change is the result of survival of the fittest.

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Lesson
The Occurrence of Evolution

What’s In

Activity: Opposable Thumb

You Will Need:
Masking tape
Your hand
Procedure:
1. Tape your thumbs to the inside
of your palms like the one in
the picture below.
2. Try to pick up any materials on
your table or near you like a
ballpen, paper, and turn the
pages of your module or hold
the mouse of your computer to
scroll up the page of your module.
Guide Questions:
1. Most primates have an opposable thumb. What does opposable thumb mean?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. How helpful is this trait?
_________________________________________________________________________________

Activity: The Way to Survive

Procedure:
Read and understand the given situation and
answer the questions that follow.
Suppose a bird eats moths that land on the
tree trunks. Identify the moth on each of these tree
trunks that would probably be eaten by the bird.
Then answer the following questions by filling in
the blanks with the words LIGHT OR DARK. TRUNK A TRUNK B

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Guide Questions:
TRUNK A What moth will blend well with the color of the tree
trunk?
TRUNK B What moth will blend well with the color of the tree
trunk?

TRUNK A What moth will be eaten first by the bird?

TRUNK B What moth will be eaten first by the bird?

TRUNK A What moth will have the best chance to survive

and reproduce?
TRUNK B What moth will have the best chance to survive
and reproduce?

What Is It

Evolution is the basis for the diversity of life on Earth. This variation of
living things on Earth is the result of organisms’ constant adaptation to the
changes in the environment. Together with successfully producing offspring
through the process of reproduction, these offspring somehow carry traits unique
to their parents. This uniqueness among offspring demonstrates changes that
occur from generation to generation.
As living things in a certain population evolve, changes happen in their
structures, functions, or behavior throughout some time. But how do these
changes occur over time? In the past, there were many people interested in
explaining how evolution occurs. Among them were Jean Baptist Lamarck and
Charles Darwin.
A. Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics by Jean Baptist Lamarck
(1744-1829)
Jean Baptiste Lamarck, a French Zoologist, was
the earliest to believe that organisms change to adapt
and survive in the given environment. In 1809 he
presented an evolutionary theory known as the Theory
of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. In this
theory, he explained that an individual over time
improved themselves to live in its habitat. He said that
certain animals’ physical structure develops or increases
in size if continuously being used in obtaining food or
performing a task and contrary decreases in size, Figure A Jean Baptist
Lamarck (1744-1829)
weakens, and later disappears if that part of the body is

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disused. He thinks that this part of the body that develops over the organism’s
lifetime known as the “acquired traits” will be passed onto the offspring. An
example of this occurrence is a giraffe’s long neck, thought to be the result of the
animal’s continuous stretching to reach food that is higher and higher from the
ground. This acquired new trait of the animal will be passed onto the next
generation. In other words, a new baby giraffe will have a longer neck as the result
of its parents stretching for food.
Although Lamarck’s theory cannot account for all observations made about
life on Earth, he correctly identifies that change in species is related to the physical
conditions of the organism’s environment.
B. Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection by Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Two years after Lamarck’s death, a young
English Naturalist, Charles Darwin, joined the five-
year voyage of HMS Beagle around the world. The
goal of the voyage was to survey the coast of South
America. In the fourth year of travel, the ship spent
five weeks in the Galapagos Islands, off the coast of
Ecuador. Charles Darwin collects animal and plant
specimens for study. His observation of the islands
will be fundamental in formulating his Theory of
Evolution by Natural Selection that later be
Figure B Charles Darwin
published in his book “On the Origin of Species”. (1809-1882)

Darwin’s ideas about evolution are different from Lamarck’s. According to

Darwin the traits of the parents were passed on without being modified. Darwin
realized that in a population of living things, a variation of any given characteristics
among species already exists. The organisms with traits that were adapted to
survive in the environmental conditions will continue to reproduce and in the
process of reproduction, the passing of traits to the offspring happens. These traits
that are adapted to environmental conditions could be the ability to tolerate the
physical conditions of their habitat or the ability to compete with species for food or
shelter. As long as the traits possessed by the organisms were favorable to their
survival, these traits will be passed on from generation to generation becoming the
norm within the species. With passing time these favorable traits accumulate and
species change, constantly adapting to the environment. Here now the evolution of
species takes place. However, the organisms in a population having traits that are
not favorable to the environmental conditions will not survive. Hence, the
conditions in the environment like availability of food, temperature, and shelter,
promote the survival of the fittest and eliminate the less fit. These ideas of Darwin
constitute the theory of evolution by natural selection. Natural Selection serves
as the screening mechanism, determining which new trait will remain in the

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population and which will disappear. This has been referred to as “survival of the
fittest”.

What’s More
Complete the table below by identifying whose idea the following statements
belong. Write in the second column Lamarck, Darwin, or Both.
WHO’S IDEA IS THIS LAMARCK, DARWIN, BOTH
1. The organisms that use one part of their body
repeatedly would increase their abilities.
2. Believed that organisms change over time
3. There is variation in traits among species
within a population
4. The organisms change their structure in
response to a need in the environment and can
pass this new trait to the offspring.
5. The parents are only able to pass on traits they
are born with.
6. The disuse of certain body parts would weaken
until it disappears.
7. Believed that the changes in the organism’s
traits favorable to the environment will help them
survive.
8. Survival of the fittest
9. Theory of Natural Selection
10. Theory of Acquired Characteristics

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. What is evolution? ____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What does the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics state
about how organisms change over time? _________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is Natural Selection serves as the screening mechanism of who will
remain or eliminated in the environment? ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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 4. At what point do Lamarck and Darwin share common and different ideas
about the evolution of organisms? ________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Why was Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection accepted until now to be
correct in explaining the occurrence of evolution? _________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

How is color an adaptation?

You will need:
Science notebook
Ruler, scissors, pencil
2 sheets of broad newspapers
Plain black and white paper
Timer/wristwatch
Procedure:
1. Cut ten pieces of square-shaped paper out of newspaper, 3 cm X 3 cm in size.
Then another 10 pieces out of black paper and another set of 10 pieces out of white
paper.
2. Spread out the other broad newspaper on the floor. Cover your eyes while you
scatter the 30pieces of square-shaped paper on the newspaper. Ask help to check if
all the papers are in the newspaper.
3. Ask one family member to time you while you pick up the papers in 15 seconds
(with eyes not covered).
4. Count and record in the table below the number of papers of each color you have
picked up. Then answer the questions that follow.

NUMBER OF PAPERS PICKED UP in NEWSPAPER BACKGROUND IN 15

SECONDS
Paper out of newspaper Black paper White paper

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 Additional Activities
Read and answer the given situation.

It has been almost one year since the effects of COVID-19 surfaced in our
country. In light of this, the citizens are tasked to prepare and provide certain
resources to keep themselves safe until a vaccine is developed. Following this, it can
be connected to the idea that people who have more, and better resources are the
ones who have higher chances of survival. Hence the notion of “survival of the fittest”
can be applied.
Even though you are a student, how will you cope and keep yourself safe in
this pandemic?

Posttest
Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which process describes the population change over time?

A. Adaptation C. Natural Selection
B. Evolution D. Reproduction

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2. Who among the list was responsible for formulating the Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection?
A. Charles Darwin C. Gregor Mendel
B. Erasmus Darwin D. Jean Baptist Lamarck

3. Who proposed the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics?

A. Charles Darwin C. Gregor Mendel
B. Erasmus Darwin D. Jean Baptist Lamarck

4. Which aspect of Lamarck’s theory is incorrect?

A. Evolution works at the population level.
B. New species evolved from previous species.
C. Acquired traits are inherited.
D. DNA is the mechanism for inheritance.

5. Why is Lamarck considered an influential person in the field of evolution?

A. He was the first to try to explain how new species evolve.
B. He considered DNA as the mechanism of inheritance.
C. He cut the tail of mice to demonstrate acquired characteristics.
D. He bred giraffes to have long necks.

6. Which statement BEST explains the Theory of Natural Selection?

A. Organisms develop desirable structures to survive in a given environment.
B. Organs that are not used may disappear, while organs that are constantly
used may develop.
C. In nature, the organism with desirable characteristics may survive, while
those with weaker traits may not.
D. Acquired characteristics of parents can be passed onto offspring.

7. When does Charles Darwin formulate his ideas concerning the causes of evolution?
A. When he was a student at Cambridge University.
B. Before he began his voyage of exploration around the world on HMS Beagle.
C. During his voyage on HMS Beagle especially after he reached the Galapagos
Island.
D. When he published his book On the Origin of Species.

8. What will happen to a population of species if they cannot adapt to the

environmental changes?
A. Becomes stronger
B. Becomes extinct
C. Changes into another species
D. Changes their structure to survive

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9. Which statement is NOT TRUE about Darwin?
A. Darwin wrote the book Origin of Species by Natural Selection
B. Darwin observed variations within the organisms in the Galapagos Islands.
C. Darwin proposed Natural Selection as the mechanism for species change
over time.
D. Darwin used DNA evidence to support the process of Natural Selection.

10. Which is the major concept included in Lamarck’s theory of evolution?

A. Artificial selection is the basis for evolution.
B. Population size decreases the rate of evolution.
C. Body structure can change according to the action of the organism.
D. Change is the result of survival of the fittest.

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 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
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WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
4. Lamarck and Darwin both believed; WHAT’S IN
a. organisms change over time 1. opposable thumb- allows for
b. organisms with favorable or fit to the environment contact between the thumb and other
will survive and reproduce, passing the traits to their fingers. It is a human hand
offspring. adaptation.
c. the changes in the organisms are linked to the 2. This trait allow us to do many tasks
environmental conditions. that involves holding or grasping
However, Lamarck and Darwin differ in the idea of how objects
organisms change over time;
a. Lamarck believed that organism change structure by WHAT’S NEW
continuous use of this part of the body and this TRUNK ITEM #
modified part of the body can be passed on to their 1 2 3
offspring. A light dark Light
b. Darwin believed that organisms in a population B dark light dark
already possess the traits that they have since birth. If
these traits will help them survive in the environment, WHAT’S MORE
there is a better chance for them to mate and produce 1. Lamarck 2. Both 3. Darwin
offspring and in the process of reproduction they are 4. Lamarck 5. Darwin 6. Lamarck
able to pass the favorable traits to their offspring. 7. Both 8. Darwin 9. Darwin
5. Because Charles Darwin has more evidences to 10. Lamarck
support his theory.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
WHAT I CAN DO 1. evolution is a change in a
Answers may vary; possibly population over a period of time, form
newspaper Black paper White paper one generation to the next.
zero Mostly picked fewer 2. acquired characteristics where
up inherited and passed on from
generation to generation.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES 3. Natural Selection serves as
Answers may vary; possibly screening mechanism because nature
Follow health protocols like washing of or the environment determine who will
hands/disinfecting hand using alcohol in public; live or survive and who will be
wearing mask and face shield in public; practice social eliminated depending on the
distancing. adaptability of the organisms to
Try new hobbies at home and continue studying. environmental changes.
Answer Key
 References

Acosta,H.D., Alvarez,L.A., Angeles, D.G.,Arre,R.D, Carmona,MP.P, Garcia,A.S,

Gatpo,A., Marcaida,J.F., Olarte,MR.A., Rosales,M.S.,& Salazar, N.G.
Science10 Learner’s Manual (1st ed.). Philippines. Department Of
Education.

Hoefnagels,M. ( 2016 ). Biology: The Essentials (2nd ed.). University of Oklahoma.

Mc Graw-Hill Education.

Johnson, G.B., & Raven, P.H. (2004). Biology: Johnson&Raven. Austin,Texas.

Holt,Rinehart and Winston.

Kaskel,A., Hummer,P.J.Jr.,Daniel,L. (1992). Biology: An Everyday Experience:

Teacher Wraparound Edition. United State of America. Glencoe Division of
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.

Starr, C.,Evers, C., & Starr, L. (2016). Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology
(5th ed.). Singapore/Philippines. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5718d40771f8e20c34ff48d9/darwin-s-theory-of-
evolution

https://www.google.com/search?q=Evolution+Multiple+Choice+Questions+and+an
swers+PDF&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDofLVwZvvAhXEIqYKHcJABMMQ1QIwGX
oECCQQAQ&biw=1366&bih=625

https://www.troy.k12.oh.us/userfiles/1284/Classes/10443/Pre-test%20key-1.pdf

https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-lamarck-s-theory-of-
evolution.html

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Lorita A. Domingo

Content Editors: Alma B. Castaño
Jessica S. Mateo

Language Editor: Merian A. Dizon

Illustrator/
Cover Illustrator: Francischarl S. Isip
Lian Joseph A. Domingo
Layout Artists: Guiller P. Belen
Jemwel Dela Paz
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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