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Electromagnetism and Static Electricity LO

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22 views13 pages

Electromagnetism and Static Electricity LO

Uploaded by

axalotus
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electromagnetism and Static Electricity Learning Objectives

1. Distinguish between magnetic and non-magnetic Materials


Magnetic metals: Iron, Cobalt, Nickel all three are elements!!!
ALSO steel - but this is a mixture of 95% iron and usually carbon but can be other metal
substances as well!!

2. Describe the concepts: magnetic poles, magnetic force, magnetic field


3. Understand the term magnetic field line and be able to draw the pattern of magnetic field
lines around a bar magnet and link the concentration of the field lines to the strength of
the field

Magnetic force = attraction between opposite poles (North and South)


AND magnetic repulsion = between like poles (North and North OR South and South)
The magnetic force can be shown as field lines around a magnet

Standard field
NOTE!!!!
The closer the field lines (or concentration of field lines) = the stronger the magnetic
field EITHER attracting OR repelling
4. Describe the field strength at the poles and at the middle of the bar magnet

Since the
CONCENTRATION of magnetic field lines are higher at the poles (NORTH and
SOUTH) the magnetic field will be stronger at the poles than in the middle of the bar
magnet

5. Know that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances
So OPPOSITE POLES (north and south) ATTRACT
So LIKE POLES (north and north OR south and south) REPEL
BOTH poles (south or north) will attract other FERROUS (magnetic) metals - iron,
cobalt, nickel or steel
6. Know that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic
field
When magnetic materials are placed near a magnet the magnetic material ITSELF becomes a
magnet
NOTE (iron, cobalt, nickel, or steel) are not magnets to start with BUT they can be magnetised
or turned into magnets!!!!
E.G.

BUT as soon as you remove the magnetic substances from the magnet they STOP being
magnetised

7. Understanding induced magnetism by showing a magnetic material will adopt the


opposite pole of the magnet
E.G.
8. Know that an electric current in a straight conductor produces a magnetic field around it.
So any straight conducting metal wire will have a CIRCULAR MAGNETIC FIELD
AROUND IT!!!!

USE the RIGHT HAND RULE to show the direction of the magnetic field
NOTE: The conductor can be ANY electrical conducting metal
E.g. copper or gold or aluminium IT DOES NOT ONLY HAVE TO BE THE
MAGNETIC MATERIALS!!!
ALSO note:

When using the RIGHT HAND RULE to find the direction of the magnetic field OUR THUMB
points from the + (positive) terminal to the - (negative) terminal with respect to the battery
supplying the current!!!
E.g.
9. Describe the construction of electromagnets.
Pages 158-159 exploring science year 9 - 9Je Electromagnets
9Je Higher level tasks

ALL electromagnets Have…


An iron core, e.g. an iron nail
A coil of conducting wire around the iron core (NOTE the coil of wire around the iron
core MUST be insulated so it does not lose its e;ectric current!! OR the iron core must be
insulated!!!
The coil of wire MUSt be connected to a single cell or a battery of cells (a battery)
An a current of electricity MUST flow through the wire

The iron core and the coil of wire will become a bar magnet with NORTH and SOUTH
poles as soon as you switch on the current of electricity!!

What are the advantages of an electromagnet:

The magnet can be controlled by switching the current ON and OFF - UNLIKE a permanent bar
magnet which is magnetic all the time!!!
The strength of the magnet can be changed by…..
Increasing the current of electricity by adding more cells (bigger battery!)
Increasing the number of coil wrapped around the iron core
Adding a iron core focuses the magnetic field lines compared to no IRON core
NOTE: the electromagnet will still work without the iron core but be much weaker!!
NOTE YOU must use a SOFT core e.g. Iron, cobalt, nickel NOT steel (steel will remain
magnetic after the current/ electromagnet is switched off) the other magnetic metals will NOT
retain their magnetism
NOTE = steel is a permanent HARD magnet - will not lose its magnetism easily
IRon, cobalt, nickel = SOFT magnetic material - will lose its magnetism easily
10. Draw magnetic field patterns for a straight wire and a flat circular coil when each is
carrying a current.
1. A straight wire
11. Know how to use the right hand grip to determine the direction of the magnetic field. -
see LO 8

12. Discuss the working of the electric motor


See bbc bitesize links…
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zmm39j6/revision/4
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zmm39j6/revision/5
Other uses…
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3g8d2p/revision/4
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3g8d2p/revision/6
13. Understanding that static electricity is the separation of positive or negative charges when
objects are rubbed together.
14. Understanding that static electricity is - the transfer of electrons, forces between charged
objects, the idea of electric field created by forces acting across the space between objects
not in contact.
NOTE: STATIC ELECTRIC EFFECT only applies to ELECTRICALLY INSULATING
MATERIALS (like plastics, wool, wood, paper etc..) NOT ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS
LIKE metals (or graphite)
ALSO only the electrons move to create an electric charge NOT the positive charges which are
FIXED (stuck) in place!!!!
ONLY the electrons will move to gain a + or - charge
E.g. the electrons rub off from the cloth to the plastic rod AND the rod gain a negative
charge cloth will positive.
THE positive protons CANNOT move as they are fixed in the nucleus of atoms!!!!

See...
Pages 150-151 y9 exploring science - 9Jb Static electricity
9Jb Higher level tasks

ALSO See bbc bitesize links…


https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9s4qhv/revision/1

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9s4qhv/revision/2

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9s4qhv/revision/3
Here a balloon has been rubbed and gained a negative electrostatic charge.
Now when the balloon is placed near the surface of the wall it will INDUCE and positive
electrostatic charge on the wall surface. WHY? The electrons on the surface of the wall are
repelled and move away which leaves an INDUCED (and temporary) positive charge on the wall
surface attracting the balloon.
When the balloon is moved away what happens to the repelled electrons in the wall?
The electrons return to the positive charges on the wall and the wall has no more INDUCED
electric charge
For kids but good explanation of what happens to you when you touch a Van de Graaff
charger/generator
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Ptu07enIsY

USES OF STATIC E;ECTRICITY


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVeRoaakRp4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um17kQz_h8g

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