Pathways Rw4 2e U10 Test
Pathways Rw4 2e U10 Test
VOCABULARY PRACTICE 1
VOCABULARY PRACTICE 2
8. The plane took off from Los Angeles and _______________ in Sydney about 14 hours later.
11. In my opinion, The Godfather Part II is a rare example of a _______________ that was better than the
original movie.
12. In his book The Martian Chronicles, Ray Bradbury predicted that there would be permanent earthlike
_______________ on Mars in 2003, but as of now, humans have not even visited that planet.
13. In the movie Arrival, the main _______________ is a linguistics professor played by Amy Adams.
14. The company's new car didn't sell well, as customers judged it to be _______________ in terms of
performance to other cars in the same price range.
15. Florida was _______________ by Europeans long before the 13 British colonies were established.
READING REVIEW
Read the passage and answer the questions or complete the sentences.
MY MARS
by Ray Bradbury
"That was the day Mars took me home - and I never really came back."
When I was six years old, I moved to Tucson, Arizona, and lived on Lowell Avenue, little
realizing I was on an avenue that led to Mars. It was named for the great astronomer
A
Percival Lowell, who took fantastic photographs of the planet that promised a spacefaring
future to children like myself.
Along the way to growing up, I read Edgar Rice Burroughs and loved his Martian books,
and followed the instructions of his Mars pioneer John Carter, who told me, when I was 12,
B that it was simple: If I wanted to follow the avenue of Lowell and go to the stars, I needed
to go out on the summer night lawn, lift my arms, stare at the planet Mars, and say, "Take
me home."
That was the day that Mars took me home - and I never really came back. I began writing
C on a toy typewriter. I couldn't afford to buy all the Martian books I wanted, so I wrote the
sequels myself.
When I was 15, a Martian disguised as an American boy went to see the film Things to
Come, by H. G. Wells, about a dark, war-torn future Earth. In the final scene the
protagonist, Cabal, and his friend Passworthy watch the first moon rocket disappear into the
D
heavens carrying their two grown children toward a brighter destiny. Cabal looks toward
the dust at his feet then up at the stars, saying to Passworthy and to the audience, "Is it this
or that? All the universe or nothing? Which shall it be? Which shall it be?"
This Martian staggered out of the theater inspired to write more stories because I knew we
E
were going to the stars.
Some years later, I made my way to New York City on a Greyhound bus, hoping to find a
publisher. I carried a bundle of manuscripts with me, and people would ask, "Is that a
F novel?" To which I replied, "No, I write short stories." On my last night in New York, I got
a break. I had dinner with an editor from Doubleday who said to me, "I think that without
realizing it, you have, in fact, written a novel."
He replied, "If you tied all your Martian landscapes together and made a tapestry of them,
H
wouldn't they make a book that you could call The Martian Chronicles?"
I was stunned. The small Martian in me hadn't realized that he'd been putting his hands
I inside my hands and moving the typewriter keys to write a book. I finished it over the next
six months. I was 29 - and well on my way to the stars.
J In 1976 I was invited to stay overnight at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena,
waiting for news to come back from the Viking 1 lander, which was going to touch down on
Mars and take photographs.
It was incredibly exciting to be there, surrounded by engineers, waiting for the first
pictures. There was a tall gentleman standing next to me, who I thought looked familiar. At
K last, I realized it was none other than Wernher von Braun, the man who had fled Germany
for America to become the co-inventor of the rocket that took us to the moon and that was
now taking us to the planets.
Early in the morning, the photographs began to arrive. I could hardly believe I was seeing
L
the surface of Mars! At 9:00 a.m., ABC television put me on the air to get my reaction.
The interviewer said, "Mr. Bradbury, how do you feel about this landing? Where are the
M
Martian cities and where are all the living beings?"
"Don't be a fool," I said. "WE are the Martians! We're going to be here for the next million
N
years. At long last, WE ARE MARTIANS!"
I like to think of the cosmos as a theater, yet a theater cannot exist without an audience, to
witness and to celebrate. Robot craft and mighty telescopes will continue to show us
unimaginable wonders. But when humans return to the moon and put a base there and
P
prepare to go to Mars and become true Martians, we - the audience - literally enter the
cosmic theater. Will we finally reach the stars?
A few years ago, I traveled back to my boyhood home in Tucson. I stood out on the lawn
and looked up at the night sky - and realized the stars had never looked closer than right
Q
there on Lowell Avenue.
At the start of The Martian Chronicles, humans are beginning to settle on Mars. Some go to
escape problems, while others go to experience something new. Very few go at first, but
eventually many settlers arrive on the new planet and turn Mars into a second Earth, with
familiar homes, businesses, and neighborhoods.
They all came out and looked at the sky that night. They left their suppers or their washing
up or their dressing for the show and they came out upon their now-not-quite-as-new
porches and watched the green star of Earth there. It was a move without conscious effort;
they all did it, to help them understand the news they had heard on the radio a moment
before. There was Earth and there the coming war, and there hundreds of thousands of
mothers or grandmothers or fathers or brothers or aunts or uncles or cousins. They stood on
the porches and tried to believe in the existence of Earth, much as they had once tried to
believe in the existence of Mars; it was a problem reversed. To all intents and purposes,
Earth now was dead; they had been away from it for three or four years. Space was an
anesthetic; seventy million miles of space numbed you, put memory to sleep, depopulated
Earth, erased the past, and allowed these people here to go on with their work. But now,
tonight, the dead were risen. Earth was reinhabited, memory awoke, a million names were
spoken: What was so-and-so doing tonight on Earth? What about this one and that one?
The people on the porches glanced sidewise at each other's faces.
The people on the porches put up their hands as if to beat the fire out.
They waited.
"Is she?"
But nobody moved. Late dinners were carried out onto the night lawns and set upon
collapsible tables, and they picked at these slowly until two o'clock and the light-radio
message flashed from Earth. They could read the great Morse-code flashes which flickered
like a distant firefly:
"You know. With mail rates five bucks a letter to Earth, I don't write much."
COME HOME.
"I've been wondering about Jane; you remember Jane, my kid sister?"
COME HOME.
At three in the chilly morning, the luggage-store proprietor glanced up.
This excerpt is from the opening chapter of H. G. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds,
published in 1898. This famous story deals with the concept of an alien invasion of Earth.
Wells's work had a huge influence on Ray Bradbury and other 20th century science fiction
writers.
No one would have believed in the last years of the nineteenth century that this world was
being watched keenly and closely by intelligences greater than man's and yet as mortal as
his own; that as men busied themselves about their various concerns they were scrutinised
and studied, perhaps almost as narrowly as a man with a microscope might scrutinise the …
creatures that swarm and multiply in a drop of water.
And looking across space with instruments, and intelligences such as we have scarcely
dreamed of, [the Martians] see … a morning star of hope, our own warmer planet, green
with vegetation and grey with water, with a cloudy atmosphere eloquent of fertility, with
glimpses through its drifting cloud wisps of broad stretches of populous country and
narrow, navy-crowded seas.
And we men, the creatures who inhabit this earth, must be to them at least as alien and
lowly as are the monkeys and lemurs to us. The intellectual side of man already admits that
life is an incessant struggle for existence, and it would seem that this too is the belief of the
minds upon Mars. Their world is far gone in its cooling and this world is still crowded with
life, but crowded only with what they regard as inferior animals. To carry warfare sunward
is, indeed, their only escape from the destruction that, generation after generation, creeps
upon them.
And before we judge of them too harshly we must remember what ruthless and utter
destruction our own species has wrought, … Are we such apostles of mercy as to complain
if the Martians warred in the same spirit?
____ 16. The main topic of My Mars is Ray Bradbury's ...
a. 6 years old
b. 12 years old
c. 15 years old
d. 29 years old
____ 19. Paragraph E suggests that when Bradbury saw the movie Things to Come, he was _______________.
a. angry
b. amused
c. depressed
d. motivated
____ 20. Which of the following is NOT named in the passage?
a. the colonists didn't know about the war on Earth until they saw it explode
b. many of the Martian colonists decided to return to Earth
c. the colonists on Mars constantly thought about Earth
d. the Martian colony was believed to be facing a terrible danger
____ 24. In the first sentence of the 3rd paragraph of the excerpt from War of the Worlds, the word them refers to
_______________.
a. severely
b. quickly
c. mildly
d. positively
READING PRACTICE
Aerospace company SpaceX, led by Elon Musk, is developing a technology that may someday
enable humans to land on Mars: reusable rockets. This technology passed a crucial test one night
in December, 2015, when a rocket built by Musk's company SpaceX lifted off from Cape
Canaveral in Florida, carrying 11 communications satellites.
A few minutes into the flight the booster separated from the rest of the rocket, as thousands of
spent boosters have done in the past. This booster wasn't spent, however. Instead of falling, it
flipped over, and its engines reignited to slow and guide its descent toward a nearby landing pad.
Essentially it flew backward.
Inside SpaceX mission control in Hawthorne, California, hundreds of young engineers watched
the approaching ball of light on video screens. Musk ran outside to get a direct look. No one had
ever succeeded in landing a booster rocket like this; the first couple of times SpaceX had tried,
the rocket had exploded. But the booster landed - gently, safely, and successfully. In front of
their screens, the engineers cheered.
SpaceX had just achieved a milestone in the quest for reusable rockets. Musk figures this
technology could cut launch costs by a factor of a hundred, which would help SpaceX launch
satellites and deliver supplies to the International Space Station. But that has never been the
point for Musk. The first soft landing of a booster rocket, he said, was "a critical step along the
way toward being able to establish a city on Mars."
Elon Musk doesn't just want to land on Mars, the way Apollo astronauts landed on the moon. He
wants to build a new civilization there before some calamity wipes us out on Earth. Musk
envisions a fleet of interplanetary spacecrafts, each carrying a hundred settlers, except that many
of these pilgrims would be paying $500,000 to settle on a new world, boosted there by reusable
rockets.
SpaceX, founded in 2002, has yet to launch a single human into space, though it hopes to change
that soon by carrying NASA astronauts to the space station. Musk has announced that SpaceX
aims to dispatch its first astronauts to Mars in the fall of 2024. They'd land in the spring of 2025.
NASA, which landed men on the moon in 1969 and began exploring Mars with robotic probes
even before that, plans to send astronauts to Mars too - but not until the 2030s, and then only to
orbit the red planet. Actually landing a large craft on the surface, NASA says, is a "horizon
goal" that it would achieve only in a later decade. NASA doesn't talk about Martian cities.
Getting to Mars doesn't just depend on technology and money. It also depends on what we
consider an acceptable level of risk. Advocates of an early landing say that NASA is too risk
averse, that true explorers accept the possibility of failure or death, that the people who first tried
to reach the poles or cross the oceans knew they might not make it - and often didn't. NASA
could send people to Mars a lot sooner if it didn't worry so much about whether they'd arrive
alive and eventually make it home.
But the challenges in sending humans to Mars are numerous. Bones waste away in zero gravity:
The rule of thumb is you lose one percent of your bone mass per month. Vigorous exercise
helps, but equipment used on the space station weighs too much for a Mars mission. Some
astronauts on the station have also experienced serious vision impairment, because fluid collects
in the brain and presses on their eyeballs. The nightmare scenario is that astronauts land on Mars
with blurred vision and brittle bones and immediately break a leg. Theoretically, the risk could
be reduced by spinning the spacecraft rapidly, replacing gravity with centrifugal force. But
NASA engineers see that as adding too much complexity to the mission.
Radiation is another hazard. The astronauts currently living on the International Space Station
are mostly protected by Earth's magnetic field. But on a journey to Mars they'd be vulnerable to
radiation from solar flares and cosmic rays. One possibility would be to line the habitat module
with a layer of water, or even plants growing in soil, as a partial radiation shield but that may
add too much weight.
There are psychological challenges as well. A certain kind of personality is needed for a Mars
mission: someone who can tolerate isolation and boredom during the long transit, then shift into
overdrive on Mars - someone who's mentally resilient and has excellent social skills.
Such challenges suggest that any manned mission to Mars would likely require cooperation
between NASA and SpaceX. SpaceX's $500,000 tickets won't cover much of the costs involved
in the journey, and it will take NASA know-how to keep the travelers alive. NASA, on the other
hand, could benefit from SpaceX's rockets, capsules, and enthusiasm. When will they go? If it's
a partnership, it seems more likely to follow NASA's more cautious schedule. What will they do
when they get there? It's a lot easier to imagine a few scientists spending a year or two at a small
Martian research station, like the ones in Antarctica, than it is to imagine thousands of people
emigrating permanently to a Martian metropolis.
26. SpaceX's rocket with a reusable booster was launched in California and landed in Florida.
_______________
27. The 11 satellites on board the SpaceX rocket were developed by NASA.
29. Musk has stated that he would like to be on SpaceX's first mission to Mars. _______________
30. The 2024 mission that SpaceX is planning will take over a year to reach Mars. _______________
31. SpaceX is planning to land astronauts on Mars before NASA even sends astronauts into orbit around
Mars. _______________
32. Zero gravity can affect both the strength of someone's bones as well as their eyesight. _______________
33. Radiation is a major hazard for astronauts living on the International Space Station. _______________
34. SpaceX is currently experimenting with simulating gravity by means of a spinning spacecraft.
_______________
35. The author believes that a mission to Mars is likely to involve both NASA and SpaceX.
_______________
READING SKILL REVIEW - Identifying Literary Elements
Decide which of the phrases best describe the elements of the excerpt from War of the Worlds.
This excerpt is from the opening chapter of H. G. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds,
published in 1898. This famous story deals with the concept of an alien invasion of Earth.
Wells's work had a huge influence on Ray Bradbury and other 20th century science fiction
writers.
And looking across space with instruments, and intelligences such as we have scarcely dreamed
of, [the Martians] see … a morning star of hope, our own warmer planet, green with vegetation
and grey with water, with a cloudy atmosphere eloquent of fertility, with glimpses through its
drifting cloud wisps of broad stretches of populous country and narrow, navy-crowded seas.
And we men, the creatures who inhabit this earth, must be to them at least as alien and lowly as
are the monkeys and lemurs to us. The intellectual side of man already admits that life is an
incessant struggle for existence, and it would seem that this too is the belief of the minds upon
Mars. Their world is far gone in its cooling and this world is still crowded with life, but crowded
only with what they regard as inferior animals. To carry warfare sunward is, indeed, their only
escape from the destruction that, generation after generation, creeps upon them.
And before we judge of them too harshly we must remember what ruthless and utter destruction
our own species has wrought, … Are we such apostles of mercy as to complain if the Martians
warred in the same spirit?
a. only Martians
b. only humans
c. both humans and Martians
____ 38. Setting
a. a narrator
b. a human character
c. a Martian
____ 40. Theme
The following paragraph has been written using only simple sentences. Rewrite it using compound
and complex sentence types. Do not change the meaning of the original paragraph and include the
same details.
41. When I was a child, I lived in San Francisco. I remember the massive earthquake that occurred in 1989.
Strangely, I wasn't frightened. I was 6 years old at the time. The electricity was off. I couldn't watch the
news on TV. My parents were calm and positive. The neighbors all helped each other and shared food. It
was a bit like a party. I went back to school not long after. I noticed that other kids were very traumatized
by the earthquake. I realized that my experience had been different to theirs. I finally understood the
enormity of the event.
WRITING SKILL PRACTICE
Join each pair of sentences into a single sentence using the joining word in parentheses. Remember
to use commas where necessary. Use the example as a guide.
Example I don't really like science fiction. I enjoyed reading The War of the Worlds. (but)
I don't really like science fiction, but I enjoyed reading The War of the Worlds.
42. Galaxies are composed of millions of stars. They are so far away they appear to be single spots of light.
(although)
__________________________________________________________________
43. Mount Everest is the highest mountain on Earth. It is small compared to Olympus Mons on Mars. (yet)
__________________________________________________________________
44. The Martian Chronicles was published in 1950. Ray Bradbury was 29 years old. (when)
__________________________________________________________________
45. The War of the Worlds tells the story of an alien invasion of Earth. It was published in 1898. (which)
__________________________________________________________________
WRITING PRACTICE
Read the excerpt from The War of the Worlds. Write an essay to answer the question that follows.
Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Use quotes from the original excerpt to
support your argument.
This excerpt is from the opening chapter of H. G. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds,
published in 1898. This famous story deals with the concept of an alien invasion of Earth.
Wells's work had a huge influence on Ray Bradbury and other 20th century science fiction
writers.
No one would have believed in the last years of the nineteenth century that this world was being
watched keenly and closely by intelligences greater than man's and yet as mortal as his own; that
as men busied themselves about their various concerns they were scrutinised and studied,
perhaps almost as narrowly as a man with a microscope might scrutinise the … creatures that
swarm and multiply in a drop of water.
And looking across space with instruments, and intelligences such as we have scarcely dreamed
of, [the Martians] see … a morning star of hope, our own warmer planet, green with vegetation
and grey with water, with a cloudy atmosphere eloquent of fertility, with glimpses through its
drifting cloud wisps of broad stretches of populous country and narrow, navy-crowded seas.
And we men, the creatures who inhabit this earth, must be to them at least as alien and lowly as
are the monkeys and lemurs to us. The intellectual side of man already admits that life is an
incessant struggle for existence, and it would seem that this too is the belief of the minds upon
Mars. Their world is far gone in its cooling and this world is still crowded with life, but crowded
only with what they regard as inferior animals. To carry warfare sunward is, indeed, their only
escape from the destruction that, generation after generation, creeps upon them.
And before we judge of them too harshly we must remember what ruthless and utter destruction
our own species has wrought, … Are we such apostles of mercy as to complain if the Martians
warred in the same spirit?
46. In the excerpt from The War of the Worlds, what similarities and differences does the author describe
between humans and the Martians?
Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 2e: Level 4 Unit 10 Test
Answer Section
1. ANS: alien