Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 2e: Level 2 Unit 2 Test

Name: ________________________________ Class: ____________ Date: _________

VOCABULARY 1:

Complete each sentence with the correct word from the box.

afford creative efficient equipment

eventually powered prevention struggled

1. Before there was electricity, people ________________ machines with water from rivers.

2. Sara spent a long time on her project, but ________________ she completed it and got a good grade.

3. Larry didn't have enough money to buy a new car, but he could ________________ a used one.

4. Beth ________________ to lose weight because she loved sweets and fast food.

5. The new buses are very ________________ because they can travel a long way on a small amount of fuel.

6. The advertising agency is looking for a ________________ person with lots of new ideas.

7. Doctors often say that the ________________ of disease is better than the cure.

8. We don't need filing cabinets and other old office ________________ because all of our records are
electronic now.
 VOCABULARY 2:

Match each underlined word/phrase to a vocabulary word that has a similar meaning.

a. benefit e. innovation
b. container f. store
c. identify g. valuable
d. indicate
____ 9. That old silver jewelry is worth a lot of money, so keep it somewhere safe.

____ 10. The fragile glass was shipped to the museum in a special box.

____ 11. Our records show that you have two unpaid traffic tickets.

____ 12. Even my mother wouldn't be able to recognize me in that picture!

____ 13. Gutenberg's most famous invention was the printing press in 1439.

____ 14. A nice advantage of working for an airline is that you get free flights.

____ 15. Some people keep meat in the freezer so that it stays fresh longer.
 READING REVIEW:

Review the passage from Unit 2. Then read each question and choose the correct answer.

The Power of Creativity

A William Kamkwamba lives in Malawi, Africa, where most people don't have access to
electricity or running water. They have to cook over open fires and collect water from wells or streams.
Poverty is very high; only 2 percent of Malawians can afford electricity. In addition, most people have to
grow their own food. Life is difficult there, and many people struggle to survive.

B In 2001, when William was 14 years old, life in Malawi became even more difficult. There was
a severe drought, and most families - including William's - couldn't grow enough food. He explains,
"Within five months all Malawians began to starve to death. My family ate one meal per day, at night."

C Because of the drought, William's family couldn't afford to send him to school anymore.
However, William wanted to continue his education, so he went to the library near his home one day. He
found a science book there called Using Energy. It included instructions for building a windmill.
Windmills can be very efficient sources of electricity, and they can bring water up from underground.
William didn't know much English, and he wasn't able to understand most of the book, but it was full of
pictures and diagrams. Looking at the pictures, William thought he could build a windmill for his family.

D When William went home and started building his windmill, a lot of people in his village
laughed at him, including his mother. They didn't think he could do it. However, William didn't let that
stop him - he was confident. He saw the photo of the windmill in the book. That meant someone else was
able to build it, so he knew he could build it, too. William was also creative. He didn't have the parts and
equipment that he saw in the book's diagrams, and he couldn't buy them. So he looked for the parts that he
needed in junkyards.

E While building the windmill, William changed and improved his design little by little. At first,
the windmill powered only one lightbulb. Then it powered four lights. Eventually, there was enough
electricity for four lights and a radio. No one laughed at William after that, and people in his village
started to come to his house to get power for their cell phones. Later, William built a second windmill.

F Because of his success with the windmills, William was able to go back to school. He also
helped to develop a malaria prevention program and clean water services in his community. He wrote a
book about his life called The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope.
In addition, he uses his website to educate people and to give them hope. His main message is this: "To
the Africans, and the poor who are struggling with your dreams …, trust yourself and believe. Whatever
happens, don't give up."

____ 16. What is the passage mostly about?

a. The ways windmills can produce electrical power and supply water
b. How a teenage boy brought electricity and better health to his village
c. The reasons why cell phones and radios don't work well in Malawi
____ 17. How did the drought cause problems for William's village?

a. The school wasn't able to accept more students.

b. People couldn't rely on windmills for water anymore.
c. Families couldn't grow food in the dry conditions.
____ 18. How did William continue his education when he couldn't attend school?

a. He visited the local library so he could read books.

b. He went to a school that his parents could afford.
c. He created an online school for science education.
____ 19. Which of these is the best description of a diagram?

a. a drawing of how a device works

b. a photo of a working machine
c. a text in another language
____ 20. How did William get the parts and equipment he needed?

a. He bought them.
b. He made them.
c. He found them.
____ 21. How did William help others in his village?

a. He let villagers use water from his second windmill.

b. He built new windmills for the others in his village.
c. He provided other people with electricity for their cell phones.
____ 22. What does the title The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope suggest
the book is about?

a. A story of someone's life for teenagers who hope to become successful and earn a lot of
money
b. The story of a teenager who used wind power to create electricity and inspire other people
c. Instructions with diagrams and photos for people who want to build their own windmills
 READING PRACTICE:

Read the passage. Then read each question and choose the correct answer.

A Solar cookers provide solutions to many problems in developing countries. They are
inexpensive to use, they help prevent deforestation and air pollution, and they make the lives of women
and girls much easier. No wonder that development agencies have encouraged their use from Latin
America to Africa to the Himalayas in Asia.

B The design of solar cookers is not complicated. Basically, shiny panels reflect sunlight onto a
dark pot which contains the food to be cooked. The dark pot turns light waves from the sun into heat
energy. The heat is stored inside the pot and cooks the food. The materials for this equipment are not
expensive, so people can easily afford solar cookers. The sunlight is free, so there is no need to spend
money on fuel.

C Traditionally, women and girls have gathered firewood to burn as cooking fuel. As wood
supplies became scarce, the women had to walk further to find enough wood. They often took their
daughters out of school to help them gather wood. Gathering wood took a lot of the women's time. In
addition, deforestation occurred because trees could not grow quickly enough to replace the cut wood. By
contrast, solar cookers are a sustainable solution because they can be used without harming the
environment. The sun provides the energy for cooking, so wood is no longer needed.

D Once the women carry the wood back to their homes, the cooking fires create new problems.
Smoke from the fires causes eye and breathing problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports
that over two million women and children die each year from the pollution of indoor cooking fires. By
contrast, solar cookers are used outdoors and create no pollution.

E Clean water is another benefit of solar stoves. People can use the stoves to heat water to a high
temperature where disease-causing bacteria are killed. A wax thermometer melts to indicate when the
correct temperature has been reached. Then people know the water is safe to drink. This process prevents
water-borne diseases in areas where people don't have access to healthy drinking water.

F Despite the many advantages, there are a few problems with solar cookers. First, they don't
work at night or when it's raining. Secondly, it takes people time to adjust to using the solar cookers. For
example, it takes longer for food to cook than the traditional method of cooking over a wood fire. It also
takes longer for water to boil and to be hot enough to be safe to drink. However, the health and
environmental advantages of solar cookers make these adjustments worth it.

G Solar cookers are an efficient and affordable way to cook without causing deforestation or
pollution. Women have more time for other tasks and girls can continue their education. The ability to
provide safe drinking water improves the health of the whole community. It's an innovation that has
significant benefits for everyone.

____ 23. Which is the best title for the reading?

a. Solar Cookers in Developing Countries

b. The Design and Use of Solar Cookers
c. Disadvantages and Dangers of Solar Cookers
____ 24. What is the purpose of Paragraph B?

a. To show how people use solar cookers

b. To explain how to make a solar cooker
c. To describe how solar cookers work
____ 25. Why did women take their daughters out of school?

a. To collect firewood to use for cooking

b. To show them how to use solar cookers
c. To find water for drinking and cooking
____ 26. What is one result of cooking with wood indoors?

a. It takes a very long time for food to cook.

b. Many people die each year from air pollution.
c. Some children miss too many days of school.
____ 27. Which of these inventions is sustainable?

a. a smart phone that uses cheap batteries

b. a gas engine that produces electricity
c. a sun-powered light that lasts for years
____ 28. According to the reading, how do people know that the heated water is healthy and safe?

a. A wax device melts when the temperature is high enough.

b. The water boils when it is hot enough to be safe to drink.
c. You can no longer see the disease-causing bacteria in the water.
____ 29. Which of these places would be best for solar cooking?

a. A cloudy village high in the mountains

b. A dry desert where most days are clear
c. A rainy forest with a lot of large trees

READING SKILL REVIEW - IDENTIFYING DETAILS:

Read each paragraph from the passage on solar cookers. Then read the problem and choose the
correct answer.

____ 30. B The design of solar cookers is not complicated. Basically, shiny panels reflect sunlight onto a
dark pot which contains the food to be cooked. The dark pot turns light waves from the sun into heat
energy. The heat is stored inside the pot and cooks the food. The materials for this equipment are not
expensive, so people can easily afford solar cookers. The sunlight is free, so there is no need to spend
money on fuel.

Problem: Using gas or electricity for cooking costs a lot of money in developing countries.

Which detail shows how solar cookers are a solution?

a. The dark pot turns light waves from the sun into heat energy.
b. The sunlight is free, so there is no need to spend money on fuel.
____ 31. C Traditionally, women and girls have gathered firewood to burn as cooking fuel. As wood
supplies became scarce, the women had to walk further to find enough wood. They often took their
daughters out of school to help them gather wood. Gathering wood took a lot of the women's time. In
addition, deforestation occurred because trees could not grow quickly enough to replace the cut wood. By
contrast, solar cookers are a sustainable solution because they can be used without harming the
environment. The sun provides the energy for cooking, so wood is no longer needed.

Problem: Wood-burning is bad for the environment.

Which detail shows how solar cookers are a solution?

a. The sun provides the energy for cooking, so wood is no longer needed.
b. Deforestation occurred because trees could not grow quickly enough.
____ 32. D Once the women carry the wood back to their homes, the cooking fires create new problems.
Smoke from the fires causes eye and breathing problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports
that over two million women and children die each year from the pollution of indoor cooking fires. By
contrast, solar cookers are used outdoors and create no pollution.

Problem: Smoke from wood fires causes eye and lung diseases.

Which sentence gives a detail to support this statement?

a. Once the women carry the wood back to their homes, the cooking fires create new
problems.
b. Over two million women and children die each year from the pollution of indoor cooking
fires.
____ 33. E Clean water is another benefit of solar stoves. People can use the stoves to heat water to a high
temperature where disease-causing bacteria are killed. A wax thermometer melts to indicate when the
correct temperature has been reached. Then people know the water is safe to drink. This process prevents
water-borne diseases in areas where people don't have access to healthy drinking water.

Problem: Water contains bacteria that can make people very ill.

Which detail shows how solar cookers are a solution?

a. People can use the stoves to heat water to a high temperature where disease-causing
bacteria are killed.
b. A wax thermometer melts to indicate when the correct temperature has been reached.
____ 34. F Despite the many advantages, there are a few problems with solar cookers. First, they don't
work at night or when it’s raining. Secondly, it takes people time to adjust to using the solar cookers. For
example, it takes longer for food to cook than the traditional method of cooking over a wood fire. It also
takes longer for water to boil and to be hot enough to be safe to drink. However, the health and
environmental advantages of solar cookers make these adjustments worth it.

Problem: While solar cookers have many advantages, there are some disadvantages.

Which of these details is an example of a problem with solar cookers?

a. It takes longer for food to cook than the traditional method of cooking over a wood fire.
b. The health and environmental advantages of solar cookers make these adjustments worth
it.
____ 35. G Solar cookers are an efficient and affordable way to cook without causing deforestation or
pollution. Women have more time for other tasks and girls can continue their education. The ability to
provide safe drinking water improves the health of the whole community. It's an innovation that has
significant benefits for everyone.

Problem: Drinking water often has disease-causing bacteria.

Which of these sentences shows how solar cookers are a solution to this problem?

a. Solar cookers are an efficient and affordable way to cook without causing deforestation or
pollution.
b. The ability to provide safe drinking water improves the health of the whole community.

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING REVIEW - REVIEW OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE:

Complete the sentences by writing the simple past tense of the verb in parentheses.

36. The students ________________________ (be) surprised that the test was so easy.

37. My brother ________________________ (take) some extra math classes to improve his grades.

38. Tim Berners-Lee ________________________ (invent) the World Wide Web in 1989.

39. I ________________________ (not see) my friends on Facebook last week.

40. My professor ________________________ (teach) us about some interesting inventions that use solar
energy, such as solar cookers.

WRITING SKILL REVIEW - SUPPORTING THE MAIN IDEA AND GIVING DETAILS:

Read the Topic Sentence and Sentences A and B. Note that one sentence supports the topic sentence
and the other one provides detail. Respond to each statement about Sentence A or Sentence B with
TRUE or FALSE.

____ 41. Topic Sentence: Early telescopes helped astronomers to see distant stars and create theories about Earth's
place in the solar system.

A. For example, Galileo used a telescope to argue that the sun instead of the Earth was the center of our
solar system.

B. In 1608, a Dutch maker of eye glasses made a simple telescope.

The purpose of Sentence A is to support the topic sentence.

____ 42. Topic Sentence: Antibiotics, drugs that treat and prevent bacterial infections, were a major innovation in
20th century medicine.

A. Millions of lives have been saved and some diseases such as tuberculosis have almost disappeared.

B. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 when he noticed that a type of mold killed bacteria.

Sentence A is more of a detail sentence than a topic supporting sentence.

____ 43. Topic Sentence: Electric lights made a huge difference in people's lives when they were invented in the
1800s.

A. Light bulbs are made of glass, metal, or plastic and connect to a source of electrical power.

B. Before that time, people were active mostly in the daytime or used candles, oil lamps, and fires to see
at night.

The purpose of Sentence B is to support the topic sentence.

____ 44. Topic Sentence: Before the invention of paper money, people used heavy metal coins or even valuable
shells to buy things.

A. Historians can identify ancient Roman coins by their shapes or the pictures and writing on them.

B. Paper bills were easy to carry and had a value that was recognized and accepted by the people using
them.

Sentence A supports the topic and Sentence B provides detail.

____ 45. Topic Sentence: The invention of the telegraph changed communication, making it possible to send
messages over long distances without sending the physical object that contained the message.

A. Even though the messages covered great distances, they arrived almost immediately, saving a great
deal of time.

B. Before telegraphs in the western United States, the Pony Express used horseback riders to carry
messages from one place to another.

Sentence B is a detail sentence and not a topic supporting sentence.

 WRITING PRACTICE 1:

Read the sentence and find one error with the simple past tense. Write the correct word in the
space.

46. Last night we watch a movie until two in the morning because it was so good.

________________

47. That astronaut didn't went to the moon, only to the International Space Station.

________________

48. Last year, our English teacher gived us homework every night.

________________

49. In 1954, a company called Bell Labs make the first solar panel.

________________

WRITING PRACTICE 2:

Think of an invention that changed your parents' lives. What was the invention and how did it
change their lives?

50. Write a topic sentence and give supporting ideas for the topic sentence. Provide details for the supporting
ideas. Check that all your simple past verbs are correct.
UNIT 2: INVENTIVE SOLUTIONS
Answer Section

1. ANS: powered

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Vocabulary 1

2. ANS: eventually

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Vocabulary 1

3. ANS: afford

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Vocabulary 1

4. ANS: struggled

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Vocabulary 1

5. ANS: efficient

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Vocabulary 1

6. ANS: creative

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Vocabulary 1

7. ANS: prevention

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Vocabulary 1

8. ANS: equipment

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Vocabulary 1

9. ANS: G PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Vocabulary 2
10. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Vocabulary 2
11. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Vocabulary 2
12. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Vocabulary 2
13. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Vocabulary 2
14. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Vocabulary 2
15. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Vocabulary 2
16. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
17. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
18. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
19. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
20. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
21. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
22. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
23. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Practice MSC: TOEFL
24. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
25. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
26. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
27. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
28. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
29. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Review MSC: TOEFL
30. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Details
31. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Details
32. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Details
33. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Details
34. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Details
35. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Reading Skill Review - Identifying Details
36. ANS: were

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2

TOP: Language for Writing Review - Review of the Simple Past Tense
37. ANS: took

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2

TOP: Language for Writing Review - Review of the Simple Past Tense
38. ANS: invented

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2

TOP: Language for Writing Review - Review of the Simple Past Tense
39. ANS:
didn't see
did not see

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2

TOP: Language for Writing Review - Review of the Simple Past Tense
40. ANS: taught

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2

TOP: Language for Writing Review - Review of the Simple Past Tense
41. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Writing Skill Review - Supporting the Main Idea and Giving Details
42. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Writing Skill Review - Supporting the Main Idea and Giving Details
43. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Writing Skill Review - Supporting the Main Idea and Giving Details
44. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Writing Skill Review - Supporting the Main Idea and Giving Details
45. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2
TOP: Writing Skill Review - Supporting the Main Idea and Giving Details
46. ANS: watched

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Writing Practice 1

47. ANS: go

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Writing Practice 1

48. ANS: gave

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Writing Practice 1

49. ANS: made

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Writing Practice 1

50. ANS:
Answers will vary.

PTS: 5 REF: PWRW2, Unit 2 TOP: Writing Practice 2