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NDT On Masonry Structures

The document discusses various non-destructive testing methods for evaluating existing masonry structures. It describes five different NDT methods - flat jack testing, impact echo testing, impulse radar testing, infrared thermography, and boroscope testing. Each method is explained in terms of its testing principle and application for detecting defects in masonry structures.

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Sunil Sekhar Rath
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38 views4 pages

NDT On Masonry Structures

The document discusses various non-destructive testing methods for evaluating existing masonry structures. It describes five different NDT methods - flat jack testing, impact echo testing, impulse radar testing, infrared thermography, and boroscope testing. Each method is explained in terms of its testing principle and application for detecting defects in masonry structures.

Uploaded by

Sunil Sekhar Rath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RAIL VIKAS NIGAM LIMITED

KNOWLEDGE ENHANCEMENT
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF MASONRY STRUCTURES
Contribution: Karthick.PM Date: 30-07-2022

 Non-destructive testing of masonry structures is not common in practice.


However, methods of NDT testing of masonry structures are available which can
be used for evaluation of existing masonry structures when visual inspection is
not sufficient or is not reliable.
 Appearance of cracks in masonry structure is a clear indication of distress and
deterioration of masonry structures which can be evaluated through visual
inspection.
 But, deterioration of masonry materials inside the structural element, internal
cavities, weak bond etc. can cause the safety concern for the structural masonry
elements.
 Thus, to ensure it becomes necessary for regular monitoring an inspection of
masonry structure by the use of non-destructive testing methods available.
 Use of NDT methods for testing existing masonry structures time to time ensures
the quality and strength requirements for intended use. Sometimes, the masonry
structure has to be used for purpose other than intended use when designed, in
that case, it is essential that the structure is evaluated for new loads or load
combinations or additional loads based on existing capacity and conditions.
 Identification of ongoing distress and damages in early stage is essential to
prevent further damages and to select suitable repair and rehabilitation methods
for masonry structures.

METHODS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF MASONRY


STRUCTURES

1. Flat jack testing method


2. Impact echo testing method
3. Impulse radar testing method
4. Infrared thermography
5. Boroscope testing method

FLAT JACK TESTING OF MASONRY STRUCTURES


 Flat jack NDT testing method for masonry structures is used to determine
engineering properties such as compressive strength and in-situ stress of older
structures for structural evaluation.
 A flat jack testing equipment consists of flexible steel envelope which is very
thin and fits within the masonry mortar joint. This flat jack is then hydraulically
pressurized to apply stress on the surrounding masonry structures.
 This method directly measures the existing compressive stress present within the
masonry structure. It is useful for determination of stress gradient present within
masonry structural elements such as walls, columns. Flat jack NDT testing works
on the principle of stress relief within the masonry.
 The testing procedure involves removal of mortar from a joint. When mortar is
removed from the joint, the compressive stresses in the masonry element forces
the slot to close by a small amount.
 A flat jack is then inserted into the slot and pressurized to restore the slot to its
original opening size. The pressure which is required to restore the original slot
dimension is a measure of compressive stress in masonry element. The
compressive stress value is obtained by comparing the pressure with calibration
constant of flat jack equipment.
 The other tests done by using the flat jack equipment is in situ deformability test.
This test is used for direct measurement of masonry deformability properties and
to estimate the masonry compressive strength.
 For conducting in-situ deformability test, two parallel flat jacks are used. Then
masonry between them is subjected to compressive stress. The stress strain curve
which is obtained during the test is used for obtaining both compressive modulus
and an estimate of compressive strength.

IMPACT ECHO TESTING OF MASONRY STRUCTURES


 Impact echo NDT testing method is used for detection of stress wave propagation
and flaw in masonry structures as well as concrete structures. An impact-echo
test system is consists of following three components:

 An impact source.
 A displacement transducer.
 A computer or waveform analyzer.

 The principle of this test is inducing stress pulses on the surface of masonry
elements by a mechanical impact and then measure the stress propagation at the
other end of the masonry element. It measures the time of travel and speed of the
wave propagation from the originating source to the source at which it is
measured. All the data obtained from this test is analyzed with the help of a
computer.

IMPULSE RADAR TESTING OF MASONRY STRUCTURES


 The impulse radar testing method is used for detection of delamination in
masonry structures. This is the electromagnetic analog of sonic & ultrasonic
pulse echo methods. In this method, the electromagnetic waves propagate
through materials of different dielectric constants. The reflection of energy from
various interfaces is measured in this NDT method for determination of various
defects.

INFRARED THERMOGRAPHIC METHOD OF MASONRY TESTING


 This NDT test is conducted to determine subsurface delamination in masonry
structures. This test is also used to detect the internal voids, cracks in masonry
structures. Infrared thermographic method gives fairly accurate picture about the
condition of masonry elements inside and can be effectively applied for larger
surfaces.
BOROSCOPE METHOD OF MASONRY STRUCTURE NDT
 Boroscope method is used for commonly used for concrete and masonry
structure, and also used for steel structural elements. A boroscope is used to look
inside inaccessible or small voids.

 For masonry structures the boroscope can be used to gain information of the
depth of the outer layer of bricks or natural stones and it can provide information
of the filling material in between the arches. It may also be used to examine the
mortar between bricks or natural stone.

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