ABEN 3423 – MACHINERY FOR PRODUCTION AND BIOPROCESSING

Laboratory Exercise No. 4

CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY

I. Introduction

The most crucial stage in determining productivity is crop establishment. The yield
of growers who do not give proper establishment adequate attention will already be limited,
which will drive up the cost per tonne of production. The key to a good establishment is
planning. The ability of the roots to perform to their full potential and the health of the plant
will already be damaged without enough drainage and a healthy soil structure. (Frontier,
2022)
Equipment used in farming or other forms of agriculture is known as agricultural
machinery. Such equipment comes in a wide variety of forms, including hand tools, power
tools, tractors, and the endless varieties of farm implements that they can pull or drive. Both
organic and non-organic agriculture employ a wide range of equipment. Additionally,
agricultural machinery is used to enhance the numerous production techniques used by our
farmers. It uses hybrid seeds of a particular variety of a single crop, cutting-edge machinery,
and a lot of fuel subsidies in the form of fertilizers, insecticides, and irrigation water. Crop
establishment machinery, as the name suggests, are machineries used in land preparation
activities for the establishment of crops during planting.

II. Objectives

1. To familiarize the students with the crop establishment machinery;

2. To identify two (2) crop establishment machinery.

III. Materials

1. Philippine Agricultural and Engineering Standards (PAES)

2. Reference books/E-books/internet

III. Methodology

1. Find the standard (PAES) of the different machineries listed below. Find at least 2
(two) of the following machines within your community/residence.

For example, you found a knapsack sprayer and a rice combine. For the remaining
machinery-crop establishment, irrigation and drying machinery-just find these machines
online.
 A. For crop establishment, use the walk behind and ride-on rice transplanter.
B. For crop protection, use the knapsack and power sprayer.
C. For irrigation, use the centrifugal and hand pump.
D. For harvesting and threshing, use the rice combine.
E. For drying machinery, use the flat bed dryer.

2. Take a photo of the machinery you found within your community/residence.

3. For the other machinery, download a photo online. Make sure to cite your reference.
4. Write specifications of agricultural machineries.
5. Identify/label their main components/parts using the photo. These parts should be
in accordance with PAES.
6. In your own words, briefly discuss principle of operation of each machinery,
adjustments and maintenance needed.
7. Present and discuss your results the way you did in your previous laboratory exercises.

IV. Results and Discussions

WALK-BEHIND RICE TRANSPLANTER

Figure 1. Walk behind transplanter

Source: https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/2021-New-Walk-Behind-4-
Rows_1600198225045.html

The walk-behind rice transplanter is made to move rice seedlings into a field that has
been leveled and puddled. For farms of small to medium size, it is advised. This decreases the
laboriousness and expense of transplanting rice and takes less time than manual transplanting.
Additionally, it guarantees increased crop output, ideal plant spacing, and the right number of
seedlings per hill. Additionally, it promotes prompt planting and utilizes less effort.
Parts:

Figure 2. Parts of Walk Behind Transplanter

Source: https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/2021-New-Walk-Behind-4-
Rows_1600198225045.html

Principle of Operation:

The operator loads the mats with rice seedlings, fires up the motor, and then moves the
transplanter across the rice field from one end to the other. An operator of this equipment can
move freely between the crops since the rows of seedlings are regularly spaced.

Method of Steering:

1. Reduce the engine speed and then move the transplanting handle to the [Down] position.
Next, hold the steering clutch lever in the direction you want to steer in.
2. To steer the machine and suspend the body, lift the steering handle. (Slide to steer)
3. To line the siding rod with the rice seedlings in the adjacent row after steering, move the
steering handle.
4. Transplant at the proper speed after moving the transplanting clutch handle to the
[Transplant] position.
Specifications:

Brand Name TAIZY

Model CY-4
Number of Transplanting Row 4
Power YAMAHA gasoline engine
Dimension L*W*H(mm) 1950*1250*1300mm
Engine Rotating Speed/min) 1800
Row to Row Distance(mm) 300
Plant to Plant Distance (mm) 120/140/160/180/210
Transplanting Efficiency 0.5 Acres/h
Gross Weight 165 kg
Place of Origin Henan, China
Core Components Gear, Bearing

RIDE-ON RICE TRANSPLANTER

Figure 3. Ride-on Rice Transplanter

Source: https://www.yanmar.com/ph/agri/products/rice_transplanter/yr60d/

A puddled and leveled field can be planted with rice seedlings using the ride-on rice
transplanter. For farms with medium to large sizes, it is advised. The ride-on rice transplanter can
plant up to 2 hectares per day, making it faster and more effective than manual transplanting.
Additionally, it provides greater crop output and reduces the laboriousness and expense of
transplanting rice. Importantly, this device offers ideal plant spacing and a sufficient number of
seedlings per hill.
Parts:

Figure 4. Parts of Ride-on Rice Transplanter

Source: https://www.yanmar.com/ph/agri/products/rice_transplanter/yr60d/

Principle of Operation:

The grasping fork of the transplanting arm will pull a predetermined number of seedlings
off the seedling mat as the rice transplanter travels across the soggy field. A cam assembly that is
attached to a tractor's PTO shaft will operate the transplanting arm.

Maintenance:

1. After planting rice, clean the transplanter.

2. Check the pick-up forks' condition. Replace the pick-up forks if they are significantly
damaged.

3. In accordance with the requirements listed on the operation instructions, replace the
engine and gear oils on a regular basis.

4. Inspect the condition of the components and make any necessary adjustments.
Specifications:

Figure 5. Specifications of Ride-on Rice Transplanter

Source: https://www.yanmar.com/ph/agri/products/rice_transplanter/yr60d/
 V. Conclusion

The establishment of crops is a crucial stage in the life cycle of plants because it
affects and decides the growth and yields of field products as well as the survival of species
in their natural habitats. Management parameters includes sowing depth, row spacing, seed
size, and herbicide use, as well as climatic factors like soil moisture and temperature, all
have an impact on the establishment percentage. Crop establishment is also impacted by
pests and diseases.
This is why crop establishment machinery is important to agricultural production.
The machineries help farmers and professional in ensuring that quality products are
produced during harvest.

VI.References

Alibaba. (n.d.). 2021 New Walk Behind 4 Rows Manual Rice Planting Machine Walking Manual

Rice Transplanter - Buy Rice Transplanter,Paddy Rice Transplanter,Rice Planter

Product on Alibaba.com. Alibaba.Com. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from

https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/2021-New-Walk-Behind-4-

Rows_1600198225045.html

Farming and Livestock Machine. (2020, June 15). Proper Operation and Maintenance of Rice

Transplanter. Retrieved August 17, 2022, from https://www.farming-

machine.com/news/maintenance-of-rice-transplanter/

Frontier’s Soil Life. (2022). Establishment. Frontier. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from

https://www.frontierag.co.uk/crop-production/establishment

Government of Western Australia. (2019, July 15). Factors affecting grain crop field

establishment | Agriculture and Food. Retrieved August 17, 2022, from

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/barley/factors-affecting-grain-crop-field-

establishment?nopaging=1
PHILIPPINE CENTER FOR POSTHARVEST DEVELOPMENT AND MECHANIZATION.

(n.d.). WALK-BEHIND RICE TRANSPLANTER. PHILIPPINE CENTER FOR

POSTHARVEST DEVELOPMENT AND MECHANIZATION RCEF

MECHANIZATION PROGRAM. Retrieved August 15, 2022, from

https://rcef.philmech.gov.ph/?page=walkBehindRiceTransplanter

YANMAR HOLDINGS CO., LTD. Philippines. (2022). YR60D｜Rice

Transplanters｜Products｜Agriculture｜YANMAR Philippines. YANMAR. Retrieved

August 16, 2022, from

https://www.yanmar.com/ph/agri/products/rice_transplanter/yr60d/