Mechatronic Systems Design

MEC301

Asst. Prof. Dr.Ing.

Mohammed Ahmed
mnahmed@eng.zu.edu.eg
goo.gl/GHZZio

Lecture 1: Mechatronic Systems: Overview

Copyright ©2016 Dr.Ing. Mohammed Nour Abdelgwad Ahmed as part of the course work
and learning material. All Rights Reserved.
Where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Zagazig University | Faculty of Engineering | Computer and Systems Engineering Department | Zagazig, Egypt
The Lecturer
About Me

Mohammed Nour Abdelgwad Ahmed

Asst.Prof.Dr.Ing. at Computer and Systems Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering,
Zagazig University.
Researcher at DFKI–Robotic Innovation Center, Bremen, Germany.
Research Interests: Robotics, Control, Modelling and Simulation, and Mechatronics

web: https://mnourgwad.github.io,
www.mnahmed.faculty.zu.edu.eg
email: mnahmed@eng.zu.edu.eg
Office: Electric Eng. Building (27), 3rd Floor, Room: 27325
Office Hours: each Sunday and Tuesday after 14:00 o’clock

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The Lecturer
Some robots I worked with

SpaceClimber CREX

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The Lecturer
Some robots I worked with

LIMES (Mantis) EOscc2

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The Lecturer
Some robots I worked with

Mr.SemProm
AILA
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The Lecturer
Some robots I worked with

MIRA Coyote2

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The Course
MEC301: Mechatronic Systems Design

Assessment Methods
Method Time Weight
Assignments, Quizzes, · · · weekly 15
Midterm week 6 25
Project (Project Report + Demo) week 10 10
Final week 12 50
Recommended Textbooks
Klaus Janschek, Mechatronic Systems Design: Methods, Models, Concepts, ISBN:
978-3-642-17530-5 (Print) 978-3-642-17531-2 (Online),Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012
R C Dorf & R H Bishop, Modern Control Systems, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008.
Relevant Websites
Lecture slides, notes and others on course webpage: https://mnourgwad.github.io/MEC301

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Sign up to the System
In your smart phone:
in phone Internet browser:
1 connect to WiFi network Nour
1 navigate to the address: 192.168.1.2
2 password: 12345678

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Sign up to the System

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Sign up to the System

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Mechatronics Definition

The word, mechatronics, is composed of mecha from mechanism and the tronics from
electronics.
Mechatronics
the application of complex decision making to the operation of physical systems.
a methodology used for the optimal design of electromechanical products.

A mechatronic system is not just a mix of electrical and mechanical systems and is more than
just a control system; it is a complete integration of all of them.

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Mechatronics Definition

Mechatronics
describes an interdisciplinary design methodology which solves primarily mechanically
oriented product functions through the synergistic spatial and functional integration of
mechanical, electronic, and information processing subsystems.a
a
VDI/VDE Gesellschaft für Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik (GMA)–Society for Measurement and
Automatic Control (VDI/VDE GMA ), Technical Committee 4.15 “Mechatronics”

Mechatronics
the synergistic combination of precision mechanical engineering, electronic control and systems
thinking in the design of products and manufacturing processes. It covers the integrated
design of mechanical parts with an embedded control system and information processing.a
a
International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC)–Technical Committee on Mechatronic Systems

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Mechatronic Systems

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronics
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 Product-Oriented Perspective

Product purpose:
mechanically oriented product tasks...
Mechatronics Engineering is the: ... “purposeful motion of mass-bearing
bodies“ faster
Analysis,
more intelligent more accurate
Design,
Manufacturing, Mechatronic
environment
Product
Integration, and
ubiquitous softer
maintenance
of mechanics with electronics through user more sensitive
Desire:
intelligent computer control. “Support me in solving the following tasks ...“
Mechatronic systems as products with exceptional attributes: external
perspective

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Function–Based Structure

generate
auxiliary
power

actuation forces /
generate forces / torques
information torques
forces / mechanical states
operator
torques
commands

process generate
environment
feedback to information motion
operator
user
measure forces / torques
generate mechanical mechanical states
auxiliary measurement mechanical
states states
power information

generate
auxiliary
power

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History

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Historical Development

Mechanical Engineering experienced an exponential growth in the early 19th century

because of the industrial revolution.
The rise of semiconductors in the 1950s and computers in the 1980s have revolutionized
all engineering products and processes which in turn affected mechanical engineering
systems.
The term mechatronics was first used in the late 1960s by a Japanese Electric Company
to describe the engineering integration between mechanical and electronics systems.
Mechatronics system engineering has gained much recognition and importance in industry
Today, many mechanical systems use some form of electronics and computers to control its
functionality.

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History

In the late 1970s, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry (JSPMI) classified
mechatronics products into four categories
Class I:
Primarily mechanical products with electronics incorporated to enhance functionality.
Examples: NC machine tools and variable speed drives in manufacturing machines.
Class II:
Traditional mechanical systems with significantly updated internal devices incorporating
electronics. Examples: modern sewing machine and automated manufacturing systems.
Class III:
Systems that retain the functionality of the traditional mechanical system, but the
internal mechanisms are replaced by electronics. An example is the digital watch.
Class IV:
Products designed with mechanical and electronic technologies through synergistic
integration. Examples: photocopiers, intelligent washers and dryers, and automatic ovens.

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Modern Mechatronic System

Link to other systems (e.g. Internet) Man-Machine Interface

Wireless, BT, … Communications human factors

Computers, Embedded, DSP

decision making

Instrumentation
Actuation
energy conversion,
power modulation
signal conditioning

Physical Systems
mechanical, electrical,…, and combinations

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Mechatronic Systems Examples

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Mechatronics Application Area

Automation and robotics Expert systems

Computer aided and integrated manufacturing Machine vision
systems Medical systems
Computer Numerically Controlled machines Sensing and control systems
Consumer products Servo-mechanics
Diagnostic reliability and control system techniques Structural dynamic systems
Engineering design Systems engineering
Engineering and manufacturing systems Transportation and vehicular
Industrial goods systems
Packaging Automotive engineering

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The Development of Automobiles

Until the 1960s, the radio was the only significant electronics in a car.
◮ All other functions were entirely mechanical or electrical, such as the starter motor and the
battery charging systems.
Modeling of the combustion process showed that, for increased fuel efficiency, there existed
an optimal time when the fuel should be ignited.
◮ The timing depends on load, speed, and other measurable quantities.
The electronic ignition system was one of the first mechatronic systems to be introduced in
the automobile in the late 1970s.
◮ The electronic ignition system consists of a crankshaft position sensor, camshaft position sensor,
airflow rate, throttle position, rate of throttle position change sensors, and a dedicated
microcontroller determining the timing of the spark plug firings.
The Antilock Brake System (ABS) was also introduced in the late 1970s in automobiles
The Traction Control System (TCS) was introduced in automobiles in the mid-1990s.

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The Development of Automobiles

Nowadays there are about 30-60 microcontrollers in each automobile. These processors are
used for:
◮ Engine management
◮ Transmission control
◮ Airbags
◮ ABS, TCS, VDC,
◮ Instrument cluster
◮ Air conditioning systems
◮ Seat, mirror control, and window lift systems.

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Mechatronic System Example
Automobiles

http://www.motortrend.com/cars/tesla/model-s/2017/2017-tesla-model-s-p100d-first-test-review
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The Development of Automobiles

New applications of mechatronic systems in the automotive world include:

◮ Safety enhancements
◮ Emission reduction
◮ Intelligent cruise control
◮ Drive and Brake by wire systems
◮ Wireless networking of automobiles to ground stations and vehicle-to vehicle communication.
◮ Telematics, which combines audio, hands-free cell phone,
navigation, Internet connectivity, e-mail, and voice recognition
◮ MEMS
Semi-autonomous to fully autonomous automobiles

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Autonomous Vehicle System
The Google self-driving car

TED 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiwVMrTLUWg

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Autonomous Vehicle System
The Google self-driving car: Waymo

https://www.google.com/selfdrivingcar/
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Elements of Mechatronic Systems

Robert H. Bishop, Mechatronic Systems, Sensors, and Actuators: Fundamentals and Modeling, CRC Press, 2007
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Mechatronics Key Elements

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Mechatronic Systems Block Diagram

Computer,
Signal A/D D/A Driver
Microprocessor,
Conditioning
or DSP

Sensors Physical Process Actuators

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Thanks for your attention.
Questions?

Asst. Prof. Dr.Ing.

Mohammed Ahmed
mnahmed@eng.zu.edu.eg
goo.gl/GHZZio Robotics Research Interest Group (zuR2 IG)
Zagazig University | Faculty of Engineering | Computer
and Systems Engineering Department | Zagazig, Egypt

Copyright ©2016 Dr.Ing. Mohammed Nour Abdelgwad Ahmed as part of the course work and learning material. All Rights Reserved.
Where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Mohammed Ahmed (Asst. Prof. Dr.Ing.) Mechatronic Systems Design 31 / 30