20181PIR7
20181PIR7
v
Mohd Nashriq bin Roslan
(Zainal bin Abd Ghani – Third Party)
10
[7] Quantum – Head – Mild head injury with cerebral concussion – Severe
15
head injuries without skull fracture and intracranial bleeding of subdural types –
Moderately severe neurocognitive disorder and major depressive disorders – Lower
limb – Closed oblique fracture distal of third right fibula – Degloving injuries over
right knee and right ankle – Upper limb – Fracture lateral of third left clavicle – Open
fracture distal end of proximal phalanx and proximal end of distal phalanx of right
thumb – Residual pain – Muscle wasting – Extensive scarring over scalp, right hand, 20
right knee and right foot
Date of accident
April 8, 2014
25
Date of grounds of judgment
April 1, 2016
Judgment received
May 2, 2017 30
1 Disabilities
(First plaintiff)
1. Extensive scarring over the scalp, right hand, right knee and right foot
2. Loss of hair
5 3. Major depressive disorder
4. Moderately severe neurocognitive disorder secondary to severe traumatic
brain injury
5. Muscle wasting
(a) 2 cm over the right calf
10
(b) 2 cm over the right thigh
6. Residual pain due to soft tissue injury and contracture
Plaintiff’s age
(a) As at date of accident : NA
(b) As at date of hearing : NA
15
Plaintiff’s occupation
(a) As at date of accident : NA
(b) As at date of hearing : NA
20 Plaintiff’s earnings
(a) As at date of accident : NA
(b) As at date of hearing : NA
Liability
25 50% against the defendant as regards the first plaintiff; 40% against the
defendant as regards the second plaintiff; third party 10% liable
(d)
Extensive scarring over the scalp, right hand, 1
right knee and right foot – RM 15,000.00
(e)
Loss of hair (award was made based on
photography and oral testimony and not
medical report) – RM 10,000.00 5
(f)
Loss of marriage prospect – RM 10,000.00
(g)
Muscle wasting (2 cm over the right thigh,
2 cm over the right calf) – RM 6,000.00
(h)
Open fracture distal end of the proximal
phalanx and proximal end of the distal
10
phalanx of the right thumb – RM 10,000.00
(i)
Pain and suffering during future surgeries – RM 15,000.00
(j)
Residual pain due to soft tissue injury and
contracture – RM 10,000.00
(k)
Severe head injuries without skull fracture
and intracranial bleeding of subdural types 15
(Note: 1. The plaintiff as a result suffers from
moderately severe neurocognitive
disorder and major depressive
disorder.
2. The plaintiff has returned to school
20
six months after the accident and
was able to testify in court.) – RM350,000.00
2. Special damages
(a) Cost of treatment at Klinik Pakar Ortopedik
Hospital Sultanah Aminah – RM 5.00 25
(b) Damage to clothing – RM 100.00
(c) JPJ search and SSM – RM 33.00
(d) Medical bill at Hospital Sultanah Aminah – RM 539.00
(e) Nursing care (pre-trial) (RM500.00 x 6) – RM 3,000.00
(f) Receipt from Caremart Pharmacy – RM 288.51 30
(g) Receipt from My Pharmacy – RM 420.60
(h) Receipt from Poliklinik Penawar – RM 70.00
(i) Travelling expenses incurred by the plaintiff
for follow up treatment at Hospital Sultanah
Aminah (23 trips) (global award) – RM 1,500.00
(j) Travelling expenses incurred by the plaintiff’s 35
(Second plaintiff)
1. General damages 40
(a) Fracture lateral of the third left clavicle – RM 15,000.00
(b) Mild head injury with cerebral concussion – RM 5,500.00
Nor Azira binti Zainal v Mohd Nashriq bin Roslan
(Zainal bin Abd Ghani – Third Party)
[2018] 1 PIR [7] Salawati Djambari scj 81
1 2. Special damages
(a) Damage to clothing – RM 100.00
(b) Medical reports from Hospital Kota Tinggi
and Hospital Sultanah Aminah – RM 80.00
5
Note
1. An appeal was lodged by the plaintiffs and the third party at the High
Court in Civil Appeal No. JA-12B-20-03/2016 against the whole of the
decision of the Sessions Court. An appeal was also lodged by the defendant
10
against the Sessions Court’s finding on quantum for general damages and
cost of future surgery for cranioplasty.
2. The High Court, Johor Bahru dismissed the appeals.
3. The defendant’s application to the Court of Appeal for leave to appeal
was dismissed on January 25, 2018 with costs of RM1,000.00.
15 Interest
(a) 5% per annum on special damages from date of accident until date of
judgment.
(b) 5% per annum on general damages from date of service of summons until
date of judgment.
20 (c) 5% per annum on total judgment sum from date of judgment until date
of full settlement.
Other references
Revised Compendium of Personal Injury Awards
35 Solicitors
Teo Han Ley (Teo & Assoc) for plaintiffs
Noor Fauziah Kadir (SK Lee) for defendant
40
82 Personal Injury Reports [2018] 1 PIR [7]
Pendahuluan
[1] Rayuan ini difailkan oleh ketiga-tiga pihak yang tidak berpuashati
terhadap keputusan mahkamah ini yang diberikan pada Februari 14, 2016. 5
Pihak plaintif-plaintif dan pihak ketiga merayu terhadap keseluruhan
keputusan manakala pihak defendan merayu atas isu kuantum sahaja iaitu
gantirugi am dan kos pembedahan masa hadapan (cranioplasty) yang telah
diawardkan ke atas plaintif pertama.
10
[2] Tuntutan gantirugi ini difailkan oleh pihak plaintif-plaintif akibat satu
kemalangan jalanraya yang berlaku pada April 8, 2014 jam lebih kurang
7.45 malam. Kemalangan ini melibatkan motorsikal No. JKE 1469 yang
ditunggang oleh plaintif pertama dan dibonceng oleh plaintif kedua dengan
motorsikal No. JQA 1651 yang ditunggang oleh defendan. Pihak plaintif telah
15
mengemukakan seramai dua orang saksi bagi membuktikan kesnya iaitu
penolong pegawai penyiasat (“SP1”) dan plaintif (SP2). Pihak defendan pula
hanya mengemukakan seorang saksi iaitu defendan sendiri (SD1).
Versi plaintif
Versi defendan
[8] Dalam isu liabiliti, kedua-dua pihak secara lazimnya akan memberikan
keterangan yang berlawanan tentang bagaimana kemalangan berlaku. Oleh
15
itu, adalah wajar bagi mahkamah ini meneliti keterangan-keterangan bebas
bagi memutuskan versi yang berkemungkinan.
[10] SP1 tidak ada melakarkan sebarang kesan calar di atas jalan dalam
rajah kasar, namun begitu, SP1 bersetuju bahawa terdapat kesan calar di
25
atas jalan setelah dirujuk kepada gambar yang diambil. SP1 mengesahkan ia
merupakan kesan calar namun beliau tidak dapat mengesahkan kesan calar
tersebut kesan baru ataupun lama dan terhasil daripada kenderaan yang mana.
[11] Menurut SP1, tiada sebarang garis berkembar ataupun garisan tengah
jalan di bahagian bawah rajah kasar sebelum simpang. Hasil siasatan SP1
30 juga menunjukkan motorsikal plaintif-plaintif mengalami kerosakan remuk
di bahagian body kanan manakala motorsikal defendan pula mengalami
kerosakan yang tertumpu di bahagian hadapan akibat kemalangan.
2.1 The High Court held that the second and third plaintiffs as passengers were
innocent parties and thus entitled to 100% of the judgment sum but the defendants
were only liable to pay 50% of the judgment sum in proportion to the apportionment
5 of liability by the Sessions Court.
2.2 The balance 50% of the judgment sum would come from the first plaintiff as
the first plaintiff was held to be 50% liable for the accident.
3. Court of Appeal
10 3.1 The sole issue decided in the appeal was whether the defendants were liable
to pay the second and third plaintiffs, 100% of the judgment sum awarded by the
Sessions Court or were the defendants only liable to pay the second and third
plaintiffs, 50% of the judgment sum, in proportion to the defendants liability as
apportioned by the Sessions Court and upheld by the High Court …
15 3.2 The Court of Appeal unanimously dismissed the plaintiffs’ appeal and affirmed
the High Court decision.
[20] Pihak ketiga merupakan bapa kandung plaintif pertama dan merupakan
40 pemilik motorsikal yang digunakan sewaktu kemalangan. Keterangan
pihak ketiga bahawa beliau tidak ada pengetahuan bahawa plaintif pertama
sudah biasa membawa motorsikal sejak berusia 11 tahun lagi (dua hingga
86 Personal Injury Reports [2018] 1 PIR [7]
[21] Sewaktu kemalangan ini berlaku, plaintif ketiga tidak berada di rumah
dan sedang minum di kedai. Isteri pihak ketiga yang juga merupakan ibu
kandung plaintif pertama ada mengesahkan kunci motorsikal tersebut selalu
ditinggalkan di mana-mana tempat sahaja oleh plaintif ketiga. Justeru itu,
10
mahkamah ini berpendapat bahawa sikap sambil lewa pihak ketiga dalam
memberi amaran kepada plaintif pertama yang merupakan kanak-kanak
bawah umur dan tidak memiliki lesen untuk tidak menunggang motorsikal
serta kegagalan pihak ketiga dalam memastikan plaintif pertama tiada akses
kepada kunci motorsikal yang ditunggang sewaktu kemalangan merupakan
satu kecuaian. Oleh itu, mahkamah ini memutuskan bahawa pihak ketiga 15
turut menyumbang cuai dengan liabiliti sebanyak 10%.
Plaintif pertama
20
A. Gantirugi am
1) Severe head injuries without skull fracture and intracranial bleeding of subdural 25
types (craniectomy was done), moderately severe neurocognitive disorder secondary
to severe traumatic brain injury and major depressive disorders
psychotic disorder secondary to brain injury was a result of severe brain injury,
a combined award of RM300,000.00. Ought to be awarded for severe brain injury
and psychotic disorder.
35
[24] Tidak dipertikaikan bahawa plaintif pertama mengalami kecederaan
kepala yang serius, namun begitu, kesan keilatan ke atas beliau tidak begitu
parah. Laporan pakar neuropsychiatic mengesahkan plaintif pertama “fit to
testify in court” dan plaintif pertama bukan berada dalam keadaan “vegetative”
untuk mahkamah membenarkan award sebanyak RM700,000.00 seperti yang
dipohon pihak plaintif. 40
Nor Azira binti Zainal v Mohd Nashriq bin Roslan
(Zainal bin Abd Ghani – Third Party)
[2018] 1 PIR [7] Salawati Djambari scj 87
5 2) Degloving injuries of the right knee and right ankle (13 cm scar over the right
knee, 11 cm scar over the right foot)
3) Open fracture distal end of the proximal phalanx and proximal end of the distal
15
phalanx of the right thumb
5) Muscle wasting (2 cm over the right thigh, 2 cm over the right calf)
25
[29] Dibenarkan award sebanyak RM6,000.00 bagi kecederaan ini.
8) Kehilangan rambut
a) Excision of wound on the right thumb and suturing of wound on the right
thumb dibenarkan 1/3 daripada RM4,000.00 iaitu kos yang disyorkan
oleh Dr Yoga – RM1,333.33 15
b) Manipulation of the thumb and soft tissue release of the thumb (1/3 x
RM6,000.00 = RM3,000.00)
11) Kesakitan dan penderitaan yang akan dialami bagi tiga pembedahan pada masa
akan datang
[36] Oleh itu, bagi ketiga-tiga pembedahan pada masa hadapan yang
akan dijalani oleh plaintif, mahkamah ini membenarkan award sebanyak
30
RM15,000.00.
B. Gantirugi khas
11) Laporan perubatan Hospital Kota Tinggi dibenarkan RM40.00 di bawah kos
12) Laporan polis, rajah kasar, gambar-gambar polis dibenarkan RM72.00 di bawah kos
Plaintif kedua
a) Gantirugi am
b) Gantirugi khas 1
ii) Faedah pada kadar 5% untuk gantirugi khas dari tarikh kemalangan 20
hingga tarikh pemfailan saman;
30
35
40