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ARC 222 History Theories - Lecture 1

The document discusses key elements of architectural vocabulary including lines, curves, angles, symmetry, color, contrast, pattern and texture. It also discusses the golden ratio and how it has been used in architecture and design. The document then discusses how anthropometric data relates to space design and how it can be used to improve comfort and safety.

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Mayar Usama
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14 views22 pages

ARC 222 History Theories - Lecture 1

The document discusses key elements of architectural vocabulary including lines, curves, angles, symmetry, color, contrast, pattern and texture. It also discusses the golden ratio and how it has been used in architecture and design. The document then discusses how anthropometric data relates to space design and how it can be used to improve comfort and safety.

Uploaded by

Mayar Usama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUE - Future University in Egypt

Faculty of Engineering and Technology


Department of Architectural Engineering
ARC 222: History & Theories of Architecture (2)
Academic year/Level: 2nd / 3rd Semester
Fall 2020
Credit Hours: 2 Cr. Hrs.

Course Instructor: Assistant Professor Dr. Dina Khater


Course Assistants: TA Arch. Basma Mohamed
TA Arch. Nouran Ashraf
WEEK 1 Topics

FUE - Future University in Egypt


Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department of Architectural Engineering
ARC 222: History & Theories of Architecture (2)
Academic year/Level: 2nd / 3rd Semester
Fall 2020
Credit Hours: 2 Cr. Hrs.

Course Instructor: Assistant Professor Dr. Dina Khater


Course Assistants: TA Eng. Basma

Week 1
WEEK 1 Topics
FORM, SPACE, AND ORDER

Form is an inclusive term that has several meanings. It


may refer to an external appearance that can be
recognized, as that of a chair or the human body that sits
in it. It may also allude to a particular condition in which
something acts or manifests itself, as when we speak of
water in the form of ice or steam. In art and design, we
often use the term to denote the formal structure of a
work—the manner of arranging and coordinating the
elements and parts of a composition so as to produce a
coherent image.
FORM, SPACE, AND ORDER

Shape refers to the characteristic outline of a plane figure


or the surface configuration of a volumetric form. It is the
primary means by which we recognize, identify, and
categorize particular figures and forms. Our perception of
shape depends on the degree of visual contrast that exists
along the contour separating a figure from its ground or
between a form and its field.
FORM, SPACE, AND ORDER

These examples illustrate how shaping the juncture


between mass and space expresses the manner in which
the contours of a building mass rise from the ground
plane and meet the sky.

In architecture, we are concerned with the


shapes of:
▪ Floor, wall and ceiling planes that encloses space
▪ Door and window openings within a spatial enclosure
▪ Silhouettes and contours of building forms
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Lines

Lines are one of the most powerful design


elements. Lines are everywhere around us,
especially in buildings and architecture.
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Curves & Spirals

Sweeping curves draw your eye gently down to


the bottom of the scene, creating a
wonderful sense of depth
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Angles

Architecture is full of interesting angles and


corners that can be used as powerful design
elements in your compositions
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Symmetry

Symmetry creates a strong element that will


instantly catch the viewer’s eye, even from a
distance or when viewing the image as a small
thumbnail.
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Color
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Color
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Contrast
Contrast refers to the difference in brightness
between the dark and light areas
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Pattern
Patterns and repetition are all around us, and
it’s especially prominent in buildings and
architecture.

Patterns allow you to create


mesmerizing abstract images with strong visual
appeal. Shapes, lines, color and contrast all
contribute toward creating repetitive and eye-
catching patterns.

Buildings are great places to find repeating


patterns such as brick walls, roof tiles, rows of
windows, stacks of balconies, etc
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Pattern
Patterns will often look very different
depending on where you view them from. So
experiment with shooting from different angles
and perspectives to capture the pattern in a
variety of ways
Pattern
Key elements of architectural vocabulary

Texture
Texture plays a dual role in architecture: it
expresses something of the quality of materials,
and it gives a particular quality to light. Like
all patterns, visual textures create associations
of movement, giving rhythm to the surface. A
single texture is rarely employed in building.
The Golden Ratio is a mathematical ratio that's commonly
found in nature. It can be used to create visually-pleasing,
organic-looking compositions in your design projects or
artwork.

What is the Golden Ratio?


Closely related to the Fibonacci Sequence, the Golden Ratio describes
the perfectly symmetrical relationship between two proportions.
Approximately equal to a 1:1.61 ratio, the Golden Ratio can be
illustrated using a Golden Rectangle. This is a rectangle where, if you
cut off a square (side length equal to the shortest side of the rectangle),
the rectangle that's left will have the same proportions as the original
rectangle.

So if you remove the left-hand square from the rectangle above, you'll
be left with another, smaller Golden Rectangle. This could continue
infinitely. Similarly, adding a square equal to the length of the longest
side of the rectangle gets you increasingly closer to a Golden Rectangle
and the Golden Ratio.
The Golden Ratio in use
It's believed that the Golden Ratio has been in use for at least 4,000
years in human art and design. However, it may be even longer than that
– some people argue that the Ancient Egyptians used the principle to
build the pyramids.

In more contemporary times, the Golden Ratio can be observed in


music, art, and design all around you.

Ancient Greek architecture used the Golden Ratio to determine pleasing


dimensional relationships between the width of a building and its
height, the size of the portico and even the position of the columns
supporting the structure.
The final result is a building that feels entirely in proportion. The neo-
classical architecture movement reused these principles too.
The anthropometric data and its relation to
the space design

Anthropometric data is a collection of the dimensions


of the human body and are useful for apparel sizing,
forensics, physical anthropology and ergonomic
design of the workplace (Ismaila 2009). Ergonomics
and anthropometry have been used to develop
furniture which includes office desks and chairs by
incorporating adjustability in order to accommodate a
wider range of people and population. This is aimed
to suit not only a range of postures but a range of
users. It has been noted that anthropometric data vary
considerably for individuals within a family or a
nation and between nations. Reliable anthropometric
data for a target population were necessary when
designing for that population otherwise the product
may not be suitable for the user. The use of
anthropometry in design may improve the well-being,
health, comfort, and safety of the user of the product .

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