EXTRACTION OF METALS

MARKING SCHEME

1. a) Iron is extracted from Iron pyrite / FeS2 siderite /FeCO3, magnetite / Fe3O4
and haematite / Fe2O3
Aluminium is extracted from Bauxite / Al2O3 . 2H2O
Feldspar / K2O. Al2O3 . 6Si O3 and
Ruby (aluminum oxide ) / Al2O3 (1)
b) Electrolysis

2. (i) Al2 O3 2H2O ½

(ii) A- Aluminium Oxide ½
B- Aluminium Chloride ½
C- Hydrogen ½
(iii) Cryolite is added to aluminium oxide to reduce its melting  ½ point from 20000c to
8000c ½

3. (a) U 1
(b) T  1
(c) U> S>T> 1

4. a) Haematite / Magnetite / Iron pyrites / Siderite (Any 1 x 1mk)

b) R½
c) Carbon (IV) oxide / Carbon (II) oxide / Nitrogen (Any 1 x ½mk)
d) To provide oxygen to react with coke to form carbon (IV) oxide1

5. (a) - Cryolite1 / sodiumhexafluoroaluminate (III)/ Na3AlF6

- Felsper, KALSi3O81
- Kaolin, Al2Si2O7.2H2O
- Rubies/ Emeralds.
(b) Electrolysis1
(c) (i) - Silicon (IV) oxide / silica 1
- Iron (III) oxide1
(ii) – grind the ore and mixture with Na2CO3 and heat the mixture  ½
- aluminium oxide reacts with Na2CO3 to give soluble aluminate
- impurities are filtered off and aluminium hydroxide is added to the filtrate to
precipitate out Al(OH)3(s)

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 (d) To lower the temperature of aluminium oxide for best conduction of electricity1
(e) this is due to the formation of unreactive oxide ( Al2O3) 1 which coats the surface and
prevents further reaction1
(f) - High energy demand is reduced 1
- Less pollutant in form of gases are emitted into the atmosphere1

6. a) i) Sulphur (iv) oxide ( SO2) 1

ii) Copper (iv) Oxide ( CO2) 1

b) i) 2CUFeS2(s) + 4O2(g) Cu2 S(s) + 3 SO2(g) + 2FeO(s) 1

ii) SO3(g) + H2SO4(l) H2S2O7(s) 1

c) i) Fe2+1

ii) Redox reaction1

Reason : Copper (I) oxide is reduced to copper whereas coke is oxidized
to carbon (IV) oxide1
d) i) Vanadium (V) Oxide 1 ( Reject formula)
ii) - Manufacture of fertilizers  ½
- Conc. Sulphuric is used as drying agent ½
f) i)

Impure
copper Anode Cathode
3 mks
Pure
copper
Sludge
Copper ( ii)
Sulphate
solution

iii) RFM of CuFeS2 = 63.5 + 56 + 64

= 183.5 
63.5 kg of Cu = 183.5kg of Cu

 210kg “ = y 

Y = 210 x 183.5 
63.5
= 606.85 kg
 % purity = 606.85 x 100 
810

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 = 74.9 %

7.a) – Bauxite  1 2 mks

-letters in
formula should
not be joined
- Al2O3 . 2H2O 1
*Nrk*

b) Anode : 2O2- O2(g) + 4e-  1

Cathode : Al3+ + 3e- Al(l)  1

c) Al2O3 1
d) Lowers the melting point  1of aluminum from 1 mk acc.
Lowers
2050 to 900C melting point of
alumina alone
e) Extraction is not cost effective  1
f) Reacts with O2 1 to form carbon (IV) oxide due to high temperature 1mk
g) Does not corrode / Resistant to attack by cooking solutions 1 1 mk*
h) Forms an oxide  ½ layer which prevents  ½ attack by acids and air 1 mk*
i) Q = It
3 x 270  ½ x 60
= 48600c
96500c deposits 27g  ½ of aluminium 2
mks*Nrk*
48600c deposits 27 x 48600
96500
= 13.598g
½*

8. a) Extraction of copper 1mk

b) Provide large surface area 1mk

c) Froath flotation 1mk

d) I Sinks earthly impurities and float the ore
II Covers the ore and enable the ore to float on water
III Aerates the ore and sinks earthly impurities 3mks

e) FeO(s) + SiO2(s) FeSiO3(s) 1mk

f) Cu2+ , H+
1mk

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 g) I Good electric conductivity
1mk
II Good thermal conductivity
1mk

9.
(a) Bauxite (1mk)

2 Al OH 4 ( aq)

(b) Al2O3( s )  NaOH( aq)  3H 2O(l )  (1mk)

(c) Iron (III) oxide (1mk)

(d) Filtration (1mk)
(e) Strong heating (1mk)
2 
(f) Anode 2O(l )  4e  O2( g ) // 2O(2l )  O2 ( g )  4e (1mk)

Al(3l)  3e  Al(l ) (1mk)

(g) Heating the electrolyte to keep it molten. (1mk)

(h) The melting point of aluminium oxide in cryolite is much higher than the
melting point of aluminium metal
(2mks)

(i) 2 Al( s )  6HCl( g )  2 AlCl 3  3H 2( g ) (1mk) with the conditions)

(j) Uses of aluminium

- manufacture of: - utensils
- overhead mains electricity supply cables
- Aluminium foil for wrapping chocolates
- For painting of roofs and water storage tanks
- Extraction of small amounts of metals like chromium
(1mk for any one
correct use)
(k) Effervescence occurs because aluminium Sulphate hydrolyses in aqueous
solution forming H+(aq) which liberates CO2(g) from Na2CO3 (2mks)

10.
(a) Copper pyrites ( ½ mark) CuFeS2 ( ½ mark)
Copper glance ( ½ mark) Cu2 S ( ½ mark)

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 (b) – Crushing the Ore (1mark)
- Froth floatation ( 1mark)

(c) 2CuFeS 2s   4O2 g  

Cu2 Ss   3SO2 g   2FeOs  (1mark)

FeOs   SiO2s  
 FeSiO3l  (1mark)

(d) By heating the copper (i) sulphade obtained in a controlled amount of air (1mark)
- Silver and gold are the common impurities in blister copper. (1mark)

(e)

(½ mk) battery (½mk)

A

strip of pure
copper (½mk) improve
copper (½mk)

CU2+(aq) e.g CuSO4(aq)

(1mk)

2 
(f) (i) Anode: Cu s  
 Cuaq  2e

(ii) Cathode: Cu2aq   2e 

Cus 
(g) Uses of copper
- Manufacture dynamo windings for conveyance of electrical
power
- Construction of condensers for chemical plants and car
radiators
- Brass an alloy of copper and Zinc used for making headlamp
reflectors and working parts of clocks & watches
- Bronze (alloy of copper & tin ) is used for watch springs and
galvanometer suspensions.(any 2, one mark each)

11. a) i) Copper pyrites ½

ii) Froth floatation  ½

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 Y - Electrolysis ½
iii) FeSiO3 1
iv) 2Cu2S(g) + 3O2(g) 2 CuO(s) + 2SO2(g)
v)

Blister (Impure) copper)

Pure
Copper

CuSO4(aq)

vi) - Making electrical wires Any

- Making electrical application ½
- Making alloys
b) - Causes acidic rain that corrodes building ½
- Causes gullys leading to soil erosion. Any

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