Edited by Dr.

Chen Rui Zhi 1

TOPIC 10-1 Metallic Bonding and Properties of metals

6 (Nov. 2005, P3, Q5)
(a)(i) 38p 38e 50n [1]
38p 38e 52n [1]
30p 28e 35n [1]
(ii) Same number of protons and different number of neutrons [1]
(iii) 8+ 2 [1]
(b) (i) heat zinc blende in air to form zinc oxide [1]
reduce zinc oxide with carbon or carbon monoxide [1]

*(ii) galvanising
sacrificial protection
alloys
batteries
Any ONE [1]
(c) (i) hydrochloric acid [1]
2+ -
(ii) Sr + 2e Sr [1]
– -
2Cl – 2e Cl2 [1]
– -
or 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
(iii) hydrogen (1) and strontium hydroxide (1) [2]
(d)(i) zinc + water zinc oxide + hydrogen [1]
heat [1] with steam [1] [2]
(ii) Sr + 2H2O Sr(OH)2 + H2 [2]
Not balanced [1]
cold water [1]
TOTAL = 19
1 (Nov. 2003, P3. Q3)
(a) (i) roast in the air
(ii) ZnO + C Zn + CO OR 2 ZnO + C 2 Zn + CO2 [2]
o
(iii) boiling point of lead above 1400 C, so it remains;
boiling point of zinc below 1400oC, boils away. [2]
(b) (i) galvanising / making brass / sacrificial protection [1]
(ii) delocalised electrons attract
lattice of positive ions
layers of ions slide over each [3]
(iii) different sizes of atoms
prevent layers from moving. [2]
2+
(c) (i) Pb to Pb gain electrons [2]
+ 2+
(ii) Zn + 2Ag Zn + 2Ag [2]

TOPIC 10-2 Extraction and uses of metals

2 (Nov. 2004, P3, Q4)
(a) (i) any one from
Na Na+ + e-
2 Edited by Dr. Chen Rui Zhi

Ca Ca2+ + 2e-
Mg Mg2+ + 2e- or others [1]

(ii) lose electrons [1]

(iii) They can gain electrons or take electrons away from……. [1]
(iv) silver ion / Ag+ [1]
(b) (i) increase [1]
(ii) zinc electrode
It loses electrons more easily or it is more reactive [1]
Need both zinc and reason for the mark.
(iii)from the more reactive metal to the less reactive metal
NOT just from zinc to tin [1]
TOTAL = 7

4 (Oct 2001 P3 Q4)

(a) (i) heat or roast (zinc carbonate decomposes) [1]

(ii) zinc sulphide roast in the air to form [1]

zinc oxide and sulphur dioxide [1]
reduce zinc oxide with carbon [1]

(b) reacts hydrochloric acid

with excess zinc oxide
filter off the solid [3]

(c) (i) brass [1]

(ii) copper copper aluminium [1]

(d) (i) zinc more reactive than iron / zinc loses electrons more easily than iron / electron
flow from zinc to iron [1]
zinc reacts first with [1]
oxygen / water [1]

5 (June, 2004, P3, Q5)

(a) Has to be three different uses.
(i) any use that depends on malleability or ductility-
electrical wires / jewellery / ornaments [1]
NOT that it is malleable or ductile
electrical wires or cooking utensils or electrodes [1]
NOT (good) conductor of electricity and heat
making alloys or brass [1]
 Edited by Dr. Chen Rui Zhi 3

6 (May, 2004, P2, Q6)

6 (a) carbon monoxide [1]
(b) iron oxide loses oxygen / oxidation number of iron decreases [1]
ALLOW: iron(III) gains electrons
(c) 3; 2 (one mark each) [2]
(d) (i) oxidise the non-metal impurities / oxidise C, S, Si and P [1]
(ii) exothermic [1]
(iii) slag floats above the molten iron [1]
(iv) calcium oxide [1]
(v) steel is stronger / harder / not brittle / less easily corroded OR e.g. iron rusts [1]
(e) any 3 of:
high melting/boiling points;
have high densities;
have coloured compounds (NOT: they are coloured);
form complex ions;
elements/compounds are good catalysts;
form ions with different charges/variable oxidation states [3]
(f) alloys [1]
Total = 13

7 (June 2003, P3, Q1)

1 (a) Fe2O3 + 3C 2 Fe + 3 CO either CO or CO2 as product
correct (1) balance (1) [2]
(b) (i) C + O2 CO2 NOT word equation [1]
(ii) (higher in furnace) no oxygen left [1]
carbon dioxide reacts with carbon (to give carbon monoxide) [1]

OR incomplete combustion of carbon [2]

(c) calcium carbonate + silicon (IV) oxide calcium silicate (+ carbon dioxide)
OR calcium oxide + silicon (IV) oxide calcium silicate [2]

(d) (i) cutlery or chemical plant or watches or cooking utensils or surgical instruments [1]
(ii) nickel or chromium [1]
(iii) blow air / oxygen through
carbon becomes carbon dioxide gas which escapes
silicon and phosphorus become oxides
which react with calcium oxide or calcium carbonate to
form slag

Any FOUR NOT blast furnace [4]

*(e) anode tin [1]

cathode iron or steel [1]
tin salt or tin ions as electrolyte [1] 该题为电镀, electroplate
4 Edited by Dr. Chen Rui Zhi

TOTAL = 16

9 (Nov. 2004, P3, Q7)

(a) (i) Zn(OH)2 ZnO + H2O [2]
reactant [1] products [1]
(ii) it would melt or it does not decompose or it does not react [1]
NOT no change
(b) blue (solid) [1]
to black (solid) [1]
brown gas [1]

You should show your calculation

(c) number of moles of Fe2(SO4)3 = 10/400 = 0.025
number of moles of Fe2O3 formed = 0.025
mass of iron(III) oxide formed = 0.025 x 160 = 4 g

number of moles of SO3 produced = 3x0.025 = 0.075

volume of sulphur trioxide at r.t.p. = 0.075 x 24 = 1.8dm 3 [5]
TOTAL = 11

(the next two questions are for both metal and electricity)
10 (June 2002, P3, Q1)
(a) (i) any metal above aluminium e.g. Na, K, Ca, Mg etc [1]
(ii) aluminium chloride aluminium + sodium chloride [1]
(iii) AlCl3 + 3 Na Al + 3 NaCl
If not balanced ONLY [1]
or any other equation conseq to answer in (i)

(b) (i) Al3+ + 3e- Al [2]

3+
For Al ONLY [1] anywhere in equation
(ii) bauxite [1]
(iii) molten or liquid (1)
cryolite (1) [2]
(iv) oxygen formed from oxide (losing electrons) [1]
Carbon dioxide formed from reaction of carbon anode with oxygen [1]
(c) (i) packaging of food or drink cans or window frames or roofs
(ii) alloys for aircraft
low density [2]

or electrical cables
good conductor of electricity

or foil
malleable
 Edited by Dr. Chen Rui Zhi 5

(d)(i) protected by its oxide layer or temperature low [1]

(ii) oxide layer has been removed / reacted [1]
Temperature increases (because the reaction is exothermic) [1]
11 (June 2005, P2, Q6)
(a) (i) iron + sulphuric acid → iron(II) sulphate + hydrogen [2]
-1 per error/omission
(ii) lighted splint;
‘pop’ /slight explosion etc. [2]

(b) (i) cathode [1]

(ii) allows conduction (of electricity)
OR allows ions to flow through the solution [1]
(iii) coated with copper
NOT: gets bigger [1]
decreases in size/gets smaller/loses copper etc. [1]

(iv) aqueous sodium hydroxide; [1]

pale blue ppt; insoluble in excess [1]
You will learn this in Topic 8-3
OR aqueous ammonia;
light blue ppt; soluble in excess, forming dark blue solution [3]

(c) to make them attractive/makes them shiny/

protects the iron so it does not rust/does not corrode [1]
(d) iron > chromium > copper [1]
Total = 13

12 (Nov 2002, P3, Q4)

(a) (i) electrical wiring / cooking utensils / electroplating / pipes
ANY two [2]
(ii) Your diagram should include
regular arrangement of positive ions [1]
with different sizes [1]
delocalised or mobile electrons [1]
(b) (i) copper deposited / mass increases / become thicker [1]
(ii) Mass decreases / become thinner [1]
2+ -
(iii) Cu (aq) + 2e Cu(s) [1]
(iv) oxygen [1]
sulphuric acid [1]

Note: Anode: 4OH- O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e-

At the cathode: Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s)
-
When OH ions are used up, more H+ ions are left.

(c) Electrochemical cell produces electricity / exothermic /

6 Edited by Dr. Chen Rui Zhi

changes chemical energy into electrical energy [1]

Electrolysis uses electrical energy / endothermic /

changes electrical energy into chemical energy [1]
(d) (i) CuO + C Cu + CO
or 2CuO + C 2Cu + CO2 [1]
or any other correct reductant—hydrogen or more reactive metal
(ii) copper(II) hydroxide copper (II) oxide + water [1]

(iii) 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 [2]

unbalanced ONLY [1]
NOT word equation
Total =16

Electrochemical cell cell cell cell cell cell

13 (Nov 2001, P3, Q4)

(e) (i) Zn - 2e Zn2+ [1]
(ii) higher reactivity metal instead of Zn
or lower reactivity metal instead of iron or increase concentration of acid [1]
(f) (i) hydroxide (ion) [1]
(ii) O2 + 2H2O + 4e  4OH
- -
[2]
OR
O2 + 2H2O + 2Fe  2Fe(OH)2 [2]

14 (p3, 2006, Q6)

(c) (i) reductant: zinc [1]
oxidant: hydrogen ions [1]
(ii) magnesium instead of zinc or copper instead of iron
or increase concentration of acid [1]
(iii) sacrificial protection [1]
or galvanising

(d) (i) purple solution [1]

to very pale pink or colourless or decolourised [1]

Note: MnO4-,which is purple, as a reductant, is reduced to Mn 2+, which is

very pale pink.

(ii) 2I- – 2e- = I2 [2]

unbalanced ONLY [1]
[TOTAL = 15]