BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 4

QUANTITY SURVEYING

PREPARED BY: ARCH. MARLA SHIELA JOY C. MENDOZA

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

QUANTITY SURVEYING
OF ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
by Arch. Marla Shiela Joy C. Mendoza, uap
 Panel Board:
Single Phase
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Three Phase

Pipes & Accessories:

PVC, IMC or EMT
Com. Length of Pipe is 3.0M

Circuit Breaker:
1 pole, 2pole
Plug in or bolt on
Electrical Wires
1 box is 150 meters
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW? CHECK & MAKE A PHYSICAL

1. Height between floors
COUNT OF THE FF:
2. Drop ceilings and ceiling supports
1. Lighting fixtures – number of each type of fixtures
3. Height between finish floor and ceilings
2. Convenience outlets – duplex
4. Major beams and columns thru which
3. Special outlet
conduits may not pass
4. Panel boards – make a complete description of each
5. Other architectural/civil/mechanical
panel board.
drawings indicating positions of the lights,
special outlets or aircon unit equipment.
The description should include:
a. main breaker rating or lugs only
b. no. of branches per ampere trip
c. kAIC

5. Other electrical equipment to be supplied by

contractor
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

DETERMINE THE APPROXIMATE LENGTH OF WIRE &

CONDUIT PER CICUIT
1. For the conduit (each circuit) - measure the length from the last outlet to the panel using
the scale. The trace of the route must be followed as per drawing.

2. For the wire – measure the length between outlets and the length shall be multiplied by the
no. of wires. The sum of the products (lengths x the no of wires) shall be the approximate
length of wire.

3. Sum up the total length of conduit per size and divide by 3. Round off and add 10%.

4. Sum up the total length of wire for each size and divide by 150 to get the no of rolls. Round
off and add 10%.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

DETERMINE THE APPROXIMATE LENGTH OF WIRE &

CONDUCT FOR THE PANEL HOMERUN TO THE MAIN PANEL
OR MAIN DISTRIBUTION PANEL
1. Conduits – measure the length of the run. Check the shortest possible route
and avoid obstructions. Total length divide 3 and add 5%

2. Wire – multiply the length of conduct by the following constants

a. 2- for two-wire single phase

b. 3- for two-wire single phase with neutral
c. 3- for three-wire, 3-phase
d. 4- for 3-phase, 4 wire
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

BOXES
1. Octagonal boxes – provide one box for each lighting fixtures

2. Utility box 4”x 2” – provide one box for each switch, duplex outlet or special outlet
(small)

3. Square box 4” – provide one box if the conduits terminating exceed 4 conduits or
special big outlets.

4. Square box 4 11/16 – provide one box for one-inch diameter conduits or for special
purpose outlets. Also provide one box for multiple (6 or more) terminations.

5. Pull boxes – provide one box for every 18 meters of conduits length depending upon
the length of run. Other pull boxes may be designated by plans. Check with the
designer/consultant about the sizes.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

FITTINGS
For PVC pipes
1. Couplings – provide 1 coupling for every length plus 1 coupling for every termination.
2. Elbows – provide 1-900 elbow for every quarter turn for sizes of 32 mm (1 1/4”) and above.
3. Cement – provide 1 can for every 10 length of conduit.
4. End bells – provide 1 for every termination.

For RSC conduits

1. Coupling – provide 1 additional coupling for every 5 lengths
2. Elbows- provide one 90-degree elbow every 90-degree turn for sizes of 25 mm (1”) diameter above.
3. Locknut and bushing – provide one pair for every termination.

For electrical metallic tubing

1. Couplings- one set for every length
2. Elbows- use on site bended EMT
3. Adapters w/ locknut and bushing- for every termination are 1 adapter and 1 pair of locknut and bushings.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

FITTINGS
Straps
Straps – two (2) straps for every length of conduit. In sizes of 25 mm diameter and above use clamps especially
for RSC or EMT conduits.

Other fittings
1. Wire trays/cable trays – check with drawings and consultant/designer
2. Cable trough / duets – check w/ drawings especially that the drawings may have specific sizes.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
1. for lighting fixtures – add 1 m of wire for every termination or lighting fixtures

2. for convenience outlets

a. Add 0.8 m. for every C.0. to the length of pipe and 1m of wire for every termination
b. Add 0.4 m above the height of counters if the C.O. is above the counter in addition to the
height of the counter. Add also 1 m of wire for every termination.
z
3. for homeruns terminating a panel boards add 2 meters of wires for every circuit.

4. provide an empty conduit for every spare circuit per panel

5. normally the electronic and communication circuits will be in separate sheets and have an
ECE estimate

6. provide 1 connector for every termination # 6 up.

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

SUMMARIZE THE LIST OF MATERIALS

1. conduits – total of each size
2. fittings - total of each type/size
3. boxes - total of each type/size
4. panels – per panel and lowest canvassed price
5. Wires - total length of each wire size
6. Connectors – (solderless less) total termination of each size for wire #6 wire and above.
7. Tape – 1 roll PVC tape for every 100 m of wire plus 1 roll of rubber tape for every 200m of wire.
8. other materials must be itemized.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

COSTING
1. get the unit cost for each item and deduct all discounts.

2. from the total cost add 5% to 10% mark up

3. For all others materials like duets, panels, transfer switches, safety switches, and etc.- get
the price from the fabricator net (less discounts) and add 5% markup.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

PREPARATION OF BID & ASKING PRICE

1. Material cost: 2. Labor Cost
a. Conduits Fitting Boxes__________________________ If materials are imported
b. Wires and wiring Devices________________________ a. Labor Cost is 20 % of subtotal A
c. Lighting fixtures _______________________________ b. Supervision is 3% of subtotal A
d. Safety Devices________________________________ c. Mark-up is 1.25 % of subtotal A
e. Service Entrance and Mains_____________________ 10.2 If the conduits and most materials are locally
f. Others_______________________________________ available
a. Labor cost is 25 % to 30% of subtotal A
= Subtotal A b. Supervision cost is 4% to 5% of subtotal A
c. Mark up cost is 2 % of subtotal A
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

PREPARATION OF BID & ASKING PRICE

3. Contingencies – an allowance of 5% to 7% of the total cost of materials and labor

4. Overhead – this include the cost of transportation, office staff tools and equipment depreciation,
papers and office supplies to representation, and cost of money.
- Normally 7% to 10% of the cost of materials is the cost of overhead.

5. Permits – show the plans to the municipal electrical engineer or his assistant and request for an
estimate. Add 5% to cover the expenses.

a. the sum cost as computed in Materials cost and Permits is to be multiplied by 0.03 to get the
contractor’s tax.
b. Add the contractor’s tax to the sum of sections Materials cost, Labor Cost, Contingency, Overhead and
Permits and round off. This will be your bid price.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
GF= 28 set lighting; SF= 25 set lighting
Switches = 6 set Switches = 18 set
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
TF= 29 set lighting RD= 16 set lighting
Switches = 18 set Switches = 5 set
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

GF= 9 set outlet SF= 22 set outlet

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

GF= 9 set outlet SF= 22 set outlet

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

TF= 27 set outlet RD= 7 set outlet

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

ROUGH ESTIMATE by POINTS

1. Count the quantity of electrical device like fixtures, switches, outlet, panel board, etc
2. Multiply it by the rate per points, for lighting, switches and outlet, use Php1,200.00 and for the panel use,
Php 3,000 then total it plus 12% tax as additional

For Example:
For lighting – 98 sets x Php 1,200.00 = Php 117,600.00
For switches – 47 sets x Php 1,200.00 = Php 56,400.00
For outlets – 98 sets x Php 1,200.00 = Php 117,600.00
Panel – 14 set x Php 3,000.00 = Php 42,000.00

Total = Php 333,600 + 12% = Php 373,623.00

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

ROUGH ESTIMATE by AREA

1. Get the area of the structure then multiply it by the number of storey
2. Multiply the sqm. of the structure by Php 1,000.00 – Php 1,500.00 as constant for electrical estimate, plus
12% tax to get the total electrical cost.

For Example:
A Three Storey w/ Roofdeck Mixed used Building with 150sqm lot area
Ground Floor = 134 sqm x 3 = 402 sqm
Roofdeck = 38 sqm
440 sqm x Php 1,000.00 = Php 440,000.00 + 12% tax = Php 492,800.00

Rough Estimate of Electrical Cost = Php 492,800.00

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

END OF PRESENTATION
THANK YOU
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 4
QUANTITY SURVEYING

PREPARED BY: ARCH. MARLA SHIELA JOY C. MENDOZA

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

QUANTITY SURVEYING
OF CONCRETE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

SAMPLE
STRUCTURAL PLAN
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

FTB 3

FTB 1
FTB 2
FTB 4
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

HOW TO CALCULATE CEMENT, SAND &

GRAVEL QUANTITIES
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

HOW TO DETERMINE
WHAT CLASS OF
CONCRETE TO USE?
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

CONCRETE MIXTURE PROPORTION

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE TOTAL FOOTING CUM = 2.8 CUM

Compute using 40kg cement Class A mixture

FORMULA
[Reference: Max Fajardo Jr, Simplified Construction Estimate with
approximately 15% contingency]

CEMENT: cum x cement proportion

CEMENT = 2.8 cum x 9 = 25.2 bags

SAND: cum x sand proportion

SAND = 2.8 cum x 0.5 = 1.4 cum

GRAVEL: cum x gravel proportion

GRAVEL = 2.8 cum x 1 = 2.8 cum
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

QUANTITY SURVEYING
OF ROUGH MASONRY
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

CHB SIZE: 0.20M x 0.40M

AREA = 0.08 SQM

WALL SIZE: 3.5M x 4.5M

AREA = 15.75 SQM

HOW MANY CHB WILL YOU

NEED FOR THIS WALL?

ANSWER: 196.875 PCS or 197 PCS

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

0.003/ pc 0.0005/ pc

0.006/ pc 0.0008/ pc

OR 13 PCS

You can also use this using by area method.

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Computing for Mortar Fill

Mortal Fill = Pcs of CHB x 0.003 (constant for 4” CHB, 4 cores) 0.003/ pc 0.0005/ pc

Example: 197 pcs x 0.003 cu.m – 0.591 cu.m

0.006/ pc 0.0008/ pc
Computing Block Laying Mortar

Block Laying Mortar = Pcs of CHB x 0.0005 (constant for 4” CHB, 4 cores)

Example: 197 pcs x 0.0005 cu.m – 0.0985 cu.m

Computing for Plastering

Plastering of Wall = ¾” or 19mm or 0.019m

Plastering of Wall = Area x 2 (both sides)

Example: (15.75 sqm x 2) x 0.019m = 0.5985 cu.m

Total Plastering of Wall = 0.5985 cu.m

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

SUMMARY
0.003/ pc 0.0005/ pc
Total Mortal & Block Laying = 0.6895 cu.m
Total Plastering of Wall = 0.5985 cu.m

Total = 1.288 cu.m 0.006/ pc 0.0008/ pc

Computing for Number of Cement Bags & Sand using Class B Mixture
Cement Bags = Total Volume x 12 (constant factor)
Sand = Total Volume x1 (constant factor)

Example:

Cement Bags = 1.288 cu.m x 12 = 15.456 bags o6 16 bags

Sand = 1.288 cu.m x1 = 1.288 cu.m
 CHB REBAR ESTIMATE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

VERTICAL BAR
4.5 M SPACING = 0.60 M
HORIZONTAL BAR
SPACING = EVERY 2
LAYER

FOR EVERY 1 SQM OF CHB = 5 METER REBAR

Formula by Area Method:

Wall = L x W = total sqm of CHB

Length (RSB) = total sqm of CHB x 5mtrs + 10% allowance for splicing
Total pcs of RSB = Length (RSB) / 6mtrs (commercial length of RSB per pc)
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

QUANTITY SURVEYING
OF STEEL & OTHER METALS
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

1000 MM
1500 MM
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
KEY PLAN

COLUMN

200 MM

200 MM
TOP BAR

BOTTOM BAR
75 MM 850 MM 75 MM
CONCRETE COVER
FOOTING ESTIMATE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

ESTIMATING IN KGS.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

ESTIMATING IN PCS.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 40 MM 40 MM
CONCERETE COVER

12MM MAIN BAR

10MM MAIN BAR
TOP BAR

BOTTOM BAR

COLUMN ESTIMATE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

REBAR SPLICING
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
40 MM
40 MM
CONCERETE COVER

STIRRUP ESTIMATE
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

END OF PRESENTATION
THANK YOU
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 4
SPECIFICATIONS WRITING & QUANTITY SURVEYING

PREPARED BY: ARCH. MARLA SHIELA JOY C. MENDOZA

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

WHAT IS QUANTITY
SURVEYING?
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

QUANTITY SURVEYING

It is broadly concerned with the estimation,

planning and control of the cost on construction
projects.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

WHY IS QUANTITY SURVEYING

IMPORTANT?
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE WHY IS IT IMPORANT?
Without QS, projects would experience…

• Missed out items are considered inclusive since the project was a lump sum
contract. Bad news for the contractor when substantial items are missed out.
• Projects are put on hold since the project bid proposals are way above the
expectations of the owner.
• Contractors and designers do the value engineering as to meet the cost
constraints of the owner. The owner’s leveraging options are substantially
limited if it gets to this point.
• Bid comparison between bidders was more difficult since they have different
formats of proposals, different standards of measurement and dissimilar cost
presentations.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

“QUANTITY SURVEYING
CONVERTS LINES INTO
NUMBERS”
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

WHO DOES THE QUANTITY

SURVEYING?
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

• A quantity surveyor will analyze the quantities, measurements, and cost of

material altogether with the cost of labor and the machinery required for the
execution of a project. It plays an important role in determining of estimated
expense for a particular project to make the necessary financial arrangements
before starting the actual work.

• construction industry professional with expert knowledge on construction costs

and contracts.

• studies the architects' and engineers' plans, identifies the costs involved, and
then sets an overall estimated budget for the project.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

They provide a matrix of cost options for every line and curve drawn on the plans.

The architect and designers are effectively empowered to design according to cost
constraints. Just imagine when your designers are done with the whole plan and
drawings but the cost is too expensive for the owner to push through with the
project.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

DO YOU KNOW YOUR

PROJECTS DNA?
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

KPI’S (KEY PERFORMACE INDICATORS)

It captures salient pieces of data deduced from the measurements and
establishes the character of the project. Once captured, you can make a
considerable number of comparisons to similar projects with the same sets of
KPIs.

The number will tell you if you are under or over-design relative to the other
projects.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

The KPIs will be your guide to

make the intelligent choice.
2021
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

THE USE AND ABUSE OF PER SQUARE

METER COST ADVICE

The cost per square meter is a basic tool for cost planning
but is superficial and subject to a lot of caveats and
justification.

Every project is unique and has its own DNA of information on its cost components.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

HOW DO WE GET THE

PROJECT COST?

HOW DO YOU START?

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ)

complete with description, specifications, quantities, unit

prices and appurtenances.

it is with this document that allows you to dissect important

information that will serve as a tool for management
decisions for the owner, design inputs for the designers and
financial inputs for financial analysts and investors.
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE BENEFITS OF BOQ

1. It delivers the basic idea of the project by arranging the quantities to

tenderers.

2. It describes the scope of the work. (But it should have been recognized
according to drawings & specification as well).

3. It offers predictable or predicted contract sum. (vital for client)

4. It offers a basis for valuation of variation. (Variation should be explained

briefly).
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLES
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLES
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

END OF PRESENTATION
THANK YOU
16 DIVISIONS – refers to the 16 divisions of drawn up and published a standard section
construction, as defined by the Construction entitled “General Conditions” for use in the
Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat. General Requirements division. These
documents cover major topics similar to those
MASTERFORMAT 1995 EDITION listed above. Special items that pertain to a
Before November 2004, MasterFormat was particular job are included in the Supplemental
composed of 16 primary divisions: there are General Conditions
now 50 divisions that are written by the architect or engineer.
Special laws or building code requirements are
Division 01 — General Requirements listed in the Supplemental General Conditions.
Division 02 — Site Construction
Division 03 — Concrete DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION
Division 04 — Masonry describes work to be done on the site,
Division 05 — Metals including soil testing, core drilling, standard
Division 06 — Wood and Plastics penetration tests, and seismic exploration. All
Division 07 — Thermal and Moisture Protection of these tests must be conducted, and the
Division 08 — Doors and Windows requirements are expressed in this division.
Division 09 — Finishes
Division 10 — Specialties  The demolition of existing structures,
Division 11 — Equipment materials, and debris is included in
Division 12 — Furnishings Division 2.
Division 13 — Special Construction  The capping and removal of existing
Division 14 — Conveying Systems services is usually mentioned in this
Division 15 — Mechanical division even if the work is also included
Division 16 — Electrical under the trade division.
o For example, the capping of an
DIVISION 1—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS existing sewer line is mentioned
This division includes general administrative in Division 2 and then is
and technical provisions that may not be listed described in detail in Division 16
elsewhere and (plumbing). In addition, the site
which may apply to more than one division. work division describes the
General requirements include contractual/ legal various steps in the clearing of
requirements, a summary of work to be done, the site.
an explanation of work to be performed later, a o Clearing of the site includes
description of meetings to be held (construction structure moving, clearing and
coordination meetings, scheduling meetings, grubbing of shrubs, tree removal,
and progress meetings, for instance), quality pruning, and tree relocation. Also
control, and submittal. “Submittal” refers to described are grading and
catalog descriptions or “shop drawings” of earthwork, grading and drainage,
equipment, which are submitted by the paving and surfacing, and
contractor for approval by the architect and/or landscaping. Site improvements
engineer. Division 1 also includes a description such as fences, gates, guardrails,
of temporary facilities, preparation of the job lighting, and irrigation systems
site for construction, and details how the job is (site watering systems) are also
to be closed out when construction is included in this division.
completed.
DIVISION 3—CONCRETE
Listed in the General Requirements are such All concrete work is described in this division.
details as how many sets of construction plans The major subdivisions included under Division
are to be furnished to the construction 3 are:
contractor for the project. Professional o concrete form work,
organizations for architects and engineers have o expansion and contraction joints,
 o cast-in-place concrete, glazing are the main areas of concern in
o specially placed concrete, Division 8.
o and recast concrete.
DIVISION 9—FINISHES
Lath and plaster, gypsum wallboard, terrazzo,
acoustical treatment, ceiling suspension
DIVISION 4—MASONRY systems, wood flooring finishes, carpeting,
Division 4 of the specifications deals with brick, special flooring, floor treatment, painting,
stone, fire brick, glass brick, clay backing tile, special coatings, and wall covering are found in
and ceramic veneer. Related topics such as this division of the specifications.
joint reinforcement, mortar, anchors and tie
systems, masonry joints, control joints, and DIVISION 10—SPECIALTIES
masonry accessories are also included. Division 10 of the specifications is a catch-all
section. If items required for the construction
DIVISION 5—METALS do not fall under the other divisions of the
The metals used in the building are specified specifications, they are usually found in
under Division 5. If the building has a steel Division 10. Typical items in this division are
structure, the steel members are specified in chalkboards and tackboards, louvers and
this section. Metal roof decking, metal floor vents, grilles and screens, pest control,
decking, and permanent metal forms are fireplaces, flagpoles, lockers, storage shelving,
described in this section. Metal fabrications directional signage, and sun control devices.
such as stairs, handrails, railings, gratings,
castings, and lintels are included in this DIVISION 11—EQUIPMENT
division. In some cases, ornamental metals are Division 11 lists equipment which is normally
used for these fabrications and are described furnished and installed by the general
in detail in this section. contractor as a part of the construction of the
building. Equipment described in this division
DIVISION 6—WOOD AND PLASTICS includes maintenance equipment, bank and
Materials such as rough carpentry (framing), vault equipment, food service equipment,
heavy timber construction, prefabricated vending equipment, athletic equipment, laundry
structural wood, finished carpentry, and equipment, library equipment, medical
architectural woodwork (cabinets and built-in equipment, waste handling equipment, and
woodwork) are described in this division. loading dock equipment.
Plastics are used in many ways in modern
construction. This section of the specifications DIVISION 12—FURNISHINGS
is devoted to such items as joists, studs, Major headings in this division are artwork,
columns, beams, hangers, connecting devices, window treatment, fabrics, furniture, rugs and
and other miscellaneous plastic items not m ats, and furnishing accessories.
specifically identified under other headings.
DIVISION 13—SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION
DIVISION 7—THERMAL AND MOISTURE The description and necessary information for
PROTECTION constructing special areas are given in this
Division 7 contains written descriptions of division. Special construction areas include
roofing materials, waterproofing materials, clean rooms, operating r ooms in hospitals,
flashing and sheet metal trim, insulation, roof incinerators, instrumentation rooms, nuclear
accessories, and sealants. reactors, radiation treatment rooms, sound and
vibration rooms, vaults, and swimming pool
DIVISION 8—DOORS AND WINDOWS spaces.
Metal doors and frames, wood and plastic
doors, entrances and storefronts, metal DIVISION 14—CONVEYING SYSTEMS
windows, special windows, wood and plastic Dumbwaiters, elevators, hoists and cranes,
windows, hardware and specialties, and lifts, material handling systems, moving stairs
and walks, and pneumatic tube systems are
typical items described in Division 14.

DIVISION 15—MECHANICAL
Division 15 covers information on air
conditioning, ventilating and heating in a
building. The mechanical division of the
specifications generally has major sections
consisting of general provisions (general
description of the work, procedures, etc.) basic
materials and methods, equipment, air
distribution, piping, insulation,
controls, and instrumentation.

Note: Plumbing specifications are also included

in the standard mechanical specification
division; however, many engineers now write
plumbing specifications as a separate division.
With plumbing as Division 16, electrical
becomes Division 17.

DIVISION 16—ELECTRICAL
The electrical division usually consists of
general provisions, basic materials and
methods, power generation, power
transmission, power service and distribution,
lighting, special systems, communications,
controls, and instrumentation.