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Exergy Lecture Note

This document discusses exergy, which is the maximum useful work potential of a system. It defines exergy and reversible work, and examines second law efficiency. It also covers exergy change, transfer, destruction, and balance for systems. Equations are provided for calculating exergy values.

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Muhammad Luqman NulHakeem Bin Ruslan
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20 views3 pages

Exergy Lecture Note

This document discusses exergy, which is the maximum useful work potential of a system. It defines exergy and reversible work, and examines second law efficiency. It also covers exergy change, transfer, destruction, and balance for systems. Equations are provided for calculating exergy values.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Luqman NulHakeem Bin Ruslan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Exergy

• Exergy — the useful work potential of a system at the specified state.

• Reversible work — the maximum amount of useful work that can be produced as a
system undergoes a process between specified initial and final state (work producing
device) or the minimum amount of work need to be supplied as a system undergoes
a process between specified initial and final state (work consuming device).

1.1 Second Law Efficiency


• Second Law Efficiency — a measure of performance of a device relative to the
performance under reversible condition.
For work-producing device e.g. heat engines, turbine etc.,
ηth Wu
ηΠ = = (1.1)
ηth,rev Wrev

For work consuming device e.g. refrigerators, heat pumps, compressors etc.,
COP Wrev
ηΠ = = (1.2)
COPrev Wu

1.2 Exergy change of a system


• For closed system or fixed mass, or non-flow energy,

υ2
φ = (u − u0 ) + P0 (v − v0 ) − T0 (s − s0 ) + + gz (1.3)
2

• For an open system or flow energy,

υ2
ψ = (h − h0 ) − T0 (s − s0 ) + + gz (1.4)
2

1
CHAPTER 1. EXERGY 2

• The exergy change for a nonflow system,

∆φ = (e2 − e1 ) + P0 (v2 − v1 ) − T0 (s2 − s1 ) (1.5)

where
υ2
e=u+ + gz
2
• The exergy change for a flow system,

υ2 2 − υ1 2
∆ψ = (h2 − h1 ) − T0 (s2 − s1 ) + + gz (1.6)
2

1.3 Exergy Transfer


• Modes of exergy transfer:

1. Heat,  
T0
Xheat =Q 1− (1.7)
T
2. Work,
Xwork,boundary = W − Wsurr (1.8)
Xwork,other = W (1.9)

3. Mass,
Xmass = mψ (1.10)

1.4 The Decrease Of Exergy Principle & Exergy Destruc-


tion
• The decrease of exergy principle — the exergy of an isolated system during a
process always decreases or, for a reversible process, the exergy remains constant.

∆Xisolated = (X2 − X1 ) ≤ 0 (1.11)

• Exergy destroyed,
Xdestroyed = T0 Sgen (1.12)

HH Updated: June 28, 2006


CHAPTER 1. EXERGY 3

1.5 Exergy Balance


• Exergy balance can be applied to an open or closed system.

• General Exergy balance,

Xin − Xout − Xdestroyed = ∆Xsystem (1.13)

• For a reversible process, Xdestroyed = 0

• Exergy balance for a closed system,


X T0

1− Q − [W − P0 (V2 − V1 )] − Xdestroyed = ∆Xsystem (1.14)
T

• Exergy balance for an open system,


X T0
 X X
1− Q−[W − P0 (V2 − V1 )]+ mi ψi − me ψe −Xdestroyed = ∆Xsystem
T
(1.15)

HH Updated: June 28, 2006

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